Church of God Knowledge Encyclopedia - User contributions [en]

Manna

2026-06-02T06:41:00Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:만나]][[vi:Mana]][[es:El maná]][[pt:Maná]]{{그림 |만나.jpg|너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Israelites gather manna in the desert.}}
'''Manna''' (Hebrew: מָן)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/lexicons/eng/hebrew/4478.html |title=Strong's #4478 - מָן |website=StudyLight.org |quote= }}</ref>is the mystical food that the Israelites received from [[God]] during their 40-year journey in the desert. It was a staple food for them along with quails in the desert.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+105%3A40&version=NIV |title=Psalms 105:40 |publisher= }}</ref> Manna means "What is this?"<ref>[https://www.hebrewversity.com/word-mannamean-hebrew/ WHAT DOES THE WORD “MANNA”MEAN IN HEBREW?], ''Hebrewversity''</ref> It may be because when God first gave Manna to the Israelites, they said to each other, “What is this?” (Hebrew: man hu? Hebrew phrase: מָ֣ן ה֔וּא).<ref>Francis Brown, Samuel Rolles Driver, Charles Augustus Briggs, Wilhelm Gesenius, Edward Robinson, pg. 577, ''Hendrickson Publishers Marketing'', LLC, September 2018, The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/lexicons/eng/hebrew/1931.html |title= Strong's #1931 - הִיא |website=StudyLight.org |quote= }}</ref><ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4478.htm 4478. man], ''Bible Hub''</ref> It is said that it tasted like wafers made with honey and was white like coriander seed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A31&version=NIV |title=Exodus 16:31 |publisher= }}</ref> There was no manna coming down the day after the Israelites ended their 40-year life in the desert and entered the land of Canaan and ate their produce.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+5%3A12&version=NIV |title=Joshua 5:12 |publisher= }}</ref>

== Origin ==
{{참고|Life in Desert}}
The Israelite reached the Desert of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after they had come out of Egypt. They thought they would reach their destination in a month, but they became perplexed when they ran out of food. There was no land for farming or no water to drink. They grumbled against [[Moses]] and [[Aaron]] for leading them into the desolate desert. When God heard their grumbling, He rained down food from heaven for them to gather the food they needed every day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A1-4&version=NIV |title=Exodus 16:1–4 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> That food was ''manna''. After the morning dew had dried up, something small and round and as fine as frost fell on the ground. At first, the Israelites asked one another, “What is this?” Moses said that it was the food God had given them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A14-15&version=NIV |title=Exodus 16:14–15 |publisher= }}</ref> They didn’t know the name and asked what it was, which was the origin of the name ''manna'' (''מָן''). At that time, the number of Israelites who entered the desert was about 600,000 men aged 20 years or older. Considering their family members, it is estimated that there must have been more than two million people.<ref>Harris F. Allen, ''West Bow Press'', 2011, pg. 44, Somewhere in the Bible: Understanding Bible Scriptures and Creation</ref> Every day, manna came down from heaven while they lived in the desert for 40 years. After 40 years of life in the desert, the Israelites crossed [[Jordan|the Jordan]] and camped at Gilgal in the plains of Jericho, and celebrated the Passover on the evening of the fourteenth day of the month. The manna that fell throughout their life in the desert stopped from the day after they ate the produce of the land of Canaan, which was the day after the [[Passover]] was celebrated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+5%3A11-12&version=NIV |title=Joshua 5:11–12 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A35&version=NIV |title=Exodus 16:35 |publisher= }}</ref>

== Characteristics of Manna ==
* Taste: Delicious like a honey-mixed snack and like a coriander seed (cilantro seed)<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A31&version=NIV Exodus 16:31]</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+11%3A7-8&version=NIV Numbers 11:7–8]</ref>
* Shape: Small, round, frosty<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A14&version=NIV Exodus 16:14]</ref>
* Trait: When the sun rises high and it gets hot, it melts.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A21&version=NIV Exodus 16:21]</ref>
*Characteristics: Descending from the first to the sixth day of the week for six days, but not on the seventh-day [[Sabbath]]<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A22-25&version=NIV Exodus 16:22–25]</ref>
*Period: While living in the desert, the Israelites ate manna for 40 years until they reached the border of Canaan.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A35&version=NIV Exodus 16:35]</ref>

== Manna and the Sabbath ==
Moses determined the amount of manna the Israelites gathered. He warned each family to gather one omer per person during the six days of the week, but not to leave it until the next morning. One omer is about 2.2 liters. However, there were those who did not listen to Moses and kept it until the next morning. Then, the manna that was kept was full of maggots and began to smell.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A16-20&version=NIV |title=Exodus 16:16–20 |publisher= }}</ref> On the sixth day, God let them gather twice as much as they gathered any other day. However, In this case, on the next day, the seventh day, there was no smell or insects even though the manna was left until morning.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A22-24&version=NIV |title=Exodus 16:22–24 |publisher= }}</ref> This is because '''the seventh day''' was '''the Sabbath''', the holy day of God. God wanted the people to receive food for two days on the sixth day and stay holy on the seventh day, not going outside. Therefore, God reminded the people through the manna for forty years that they should keep the Sabbath day holy.

== Manna in the New Testament ==
===The Reality of Manna ===
Two thousand years ago, the Jews mentioned the manna that their ancestors had eaten in the desert, when they asked [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]] for a sign that might prove that He was the [[Christ]]. Just as the manna fell from heaven in the time of Moses, they wanted Jesus to perform a miracle similar to that. Then, Jesus revealed that the reality of the manna was Jesus Himself.
{{quote5 |내용= Your forefathers ate the manna in the desert, yet they died. But here is the bread that comes down from heaven, which a man may eat and not die. '''I am the living bread that came down from heaven'''. '''If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever'''. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.” . . . Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A49-55&version=NIV John 6:49–55]}}

Jesus emphasized that He is "the living bread that came down from heaven," and that the one who eats the bread has eternal life. In the past, the manna given to the Israelites was food that sustained their life temporarily, but Jesus said that if they eat His flesh and blood, the reality of manna, they will live forever. In other words, it was the command to keep the [[The New Covenant Passover|Passover of the New Covenant]]. Jesus promised the Passover bread and wine as His flesh and blood,<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A19&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV Matthew 26:19], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A26-28&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 26–28]</ref> and He blessed those who keep the [[Passover]] with eternal life by having them eat Him, the reality of manna.

=== The Hidden Manna and Second Coming Christ ===
{{참고|Passover|The Paschal Controversy (The Passover Controversy)|Council of Nicaea|Name of God|Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)}}
Jesus established the Passover of the new covenant, but it was abolished at [[the Council of Nicaea]] in 325 as the church became secularized. The Passover, which promises the forgiveness of sins and eternal life, is the truth that is directly related to salvation. Without the Passover, no one can enter the eternal [[Kingdom of Heaven|kingdom of heaven]]. That was why the writer of [[Hebrews]] prophesied that Christ would appear on this earth a second time to save mankind.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A28&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 9:28 |publisher= }}</ref> The [[book of Revelation]], which records what will happen in the future, mentions the '''hidden manna''' for the recognizable sign of [[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)|Second Coming Jesus]].
{{quote5 |내용= He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who overcomes, I will give some of the '''hidden manna'''. I will also give him a '''white stone''' with a '''new name written on it''', known only to him who receives it. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+2%3A17&version=NIV Revelation 2:17]}}

Since the Passover, the truth of eating the spiritual manna, has been hidden for over 1,600 years after the Passover was abolished around the 4th century, it was written as the "hidden manna." The "white stone" given to the saints along with the hidden manna represents Jesus,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+2%3A4-5&version=NIV |title=1 Peter 2:4–5 |publisher= }}</ref> and the [[The New Name on a White Stone: The New Name of Jesus|"new name" on the white stone]] represents the name of Second Coming Jesus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3%3A12&version=NIV |title=Revelation 3:12 |publisher= }}</ref> The only way to receive salvation in this age is to meet Second Coming Jesus, who has restored the Passover.

== See also ==
* [[Life in the Desert]]
* [[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)]]
* [[Sabbath]]
* [[Passover]]

== References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]
[[Category:God the Father]]

The Church of God in Vienna, Austria

2026-05-20T02:54:21Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:오스트리아 빈 하나님의 교회]]{{지역교회
|image={{그림|오스트리아 빈 하나님의 교회 유월절.jpg|너비=320px|정렬=가운데|타이틀=Members of the Church of God in Vienna, Austria}}
|설명=
|Name=The Church of God in Vienna, Austria
|성전건립=
|Purpose=Worship, Preaching the Gospel, Community Service
|Category=Church
|대표=
|Location=Vienna, Austria
|Belong to=[[World Mission Society Church of God]]
|website=[https://watv.org/de/ 하나님의교회 세계복음선교협회 공식 홈페이지]
}}
The Church of God in Vienna, Austria, was established in July 2008. Its official name is the World Mission Society Church of God in [https://www.wien.gv.at/ Vienna], Austria.

==Sanctuary overview==
* Establishment: July 1, 2008
* Location: Vienna, Austria
* Activities: Cleanup, etc.

==Features==
Austria is a landlocked country in Central Europe. With most of its territory covered by the Alps, it enjoys a naturally blessed environment. It is also regarded as the birthplace of classical music, having produced world-renowned composers and musicians such as Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Franz Schubert, and Herbert von Karajan. In addition, Austria has given rise to many eminent scientists, including Ludwig Boltzmann, Ernst Mach, Lise Meitner, and Erwin Schrödinger. Vienna (Wien), which serves as both an independent federal state and the capital of Austria, is widely known for its high standard of living and quality of life. The city hosts several major international organizations, including the United Nations Office at Vienna, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). It is also home to Schönbrunn Palace, which preserves six hundred years of Habsburg dynasty history, as well as the Kunsthistorisches Museum, the largest art museum in Austria.

Established in 2008, the Church of God in Vienna, Austria, has members who firmly uphold their faith in God [[Elohim]] and lead lives in accordance with the teachings of the [[New Covenant|new covenant]]. They study biblical truth in depth by visiting Korea as part of [[The Church of God Overseas Visiting Group|Overseas Visiting Groups]]<ref>[http://www.joongboo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=363619942 Church of God 78th Overseas Visiting Group Visits Korea… “We Learned the Way of the Good Shepherd in Korea”], ''Joongbu Ilbo'', November 9, 2023</ref><ref>[https://news.watv.org/internal/content.asp?articleid=i20150413980 62nd Overseas Visiting Group], ''WATV News'', April 13, 2015</ref><ref>[https://news.watv.org/internal/content.asp?articleid=i20100610375 Becoming Great Workers of the Gospel to Shine the Light of Mother’s Love Throughout the World], ''WATV News'', June 10, 2010</ref> and contribute to the gospel in various ways, including submitting works to [[Bible]] seminar presentation contests.<ref>[https://news.watv.org/internal/content.asp?articleid=i20181202466 2018 New Jerusalem Cultural Content Awards], ''WATV News'', December 2, 2018</ref>

Both inside and outside the church, members practice humility, concession, service, and consideration based on the [[Teachings of Mother]]. They also seek to promote community spirit and environmental awareness through ongoing [[Worldwide Environmental Cleanup|cleanup campaigns]], helping to keep Vienna—a major tourist city—clean and welcoming. Their activities include cleaning city streets and parks and carefully collecting neglected trash along the famous Danube riverside. They have introduced their cleanup schedules on local newspapers, encouraging public interest and participation. One resident who participated together with their child shared, “In today’s society, where individualism and selfishness often prevent people from looking out for others, I was happy to take part in volunteer work for the community, and it became a valuable educational experience for my child.”<ref>[https://news.watv.org/over/content.asp?articleid=o20121230515 Environmental Cleanup Activities Held Across European Cities to Commemorate the New Jerusalem Day], ''WATV News'', December 30, 2012</ref>

{{앨범
|정렬=가운데
|그림1={{그림 |오스트리아 빈 전 세계 지구환경정화운동 2017년.jpg |타이틀=Cleanup of Mariahilfer Street}}
|그림2={{그림 |오스트리아 빈 전 세계 지구환경정화운동 아우어 벨스바흐 파크.jpg |타이틀=Cleanup of Auer Welsbach Park}}
}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web |url=https://news.watv.org/photo/content.asp?articleid=p20121207782|title=The Church of God in Vienna, Austria |website=WATV News |publisher= |date= |quote= }}

==See also==
*[[The Church of God in Europe]]

==References==
<references />

{{하나님의 교회 둘러보기}}
{{패밀리 사이트}}

[[Category:Church of God]]
[[Category:Churches Around the World]]

The Church of God in Asunción in Paraguay

2026-05-19T05:21:51Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:파라과이 아순시온 하나님의 교회]]{{지역교회
|image={{그림|파라과이-아순시온 2024년-유월절.jpg |정렬=가운데| 너비=320px|타이틀=Members of the Church of God in Asunción, Paraguay}}
|설명=
|Name= The Church of God in Asunción in Paraguay
|성전건립=
|Location= [https://goo.gl/maps/E2JURDGevvV7eHbq6/ Asunción, Paraguay]
|Category=Church
|Purpose=Worship, Preaching the Gospel, Community Service
}}
'''The Church of God in Asunción, Paraguay''', was established in June 2006. Its official name is the World Mission Society Church of God in Asunción, Paraguay.

==Sanctuary overview==
*Establishment: June 1, 2006
*Location: Asunción, Paraguay
*Activities: Cleanup, helping neighbors in need, blood drives, etc.

==Features==
Paraguay is a country located in the heart of South America. Its name is derived from the [https://www.britannica.com/place/Paraguay-River Paraguay River], which runs through the country from north to south. Stretching approximately 2,100 kilometers, the river originates in the Brazilian Highlands, flows through Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina, and eventually joins the Paraná River. It serves as a major transportation route for cargo vessels. Vast sandbanks resembling beaches line parts of the river, and in its upper basin lies the [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/999/ Pantanal Conservation Area]—the world’s largest wetland—spanning regions of Brazil’s Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states, as well as portions of Bolivia and Paraguay.

Asunción, the capital city of Paraguay, is situated along the Paraguay River and is home to one of the nation’s major trading ports. With its wide river and abundant greenery, the city provides a distinctive natural setting. In this environment, the members of the Church of God in Asunción diligently preach the word of the water of life given by [[the Spirit and the Bride]],<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2022%3A17&version=NIV Revelation 22:17]</ref> sharing the hope of [[Kingdom of Heaven|heaven]] with their neighbors. To preserve the city’s greenery and provide residents with a pleasant living environment, they also carry out environmental cleanup campaigns throughout the city. Their efforts include cleanup and beautification activities along the Boggiani Bike Path<ref>[https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/locales/voluntarios-limpian-y-pintan-ciclovia-boggiani-1803007.html Voluntarios limpian y pintan ciclovía Boggiani], ''ABC Color'', April 17, 2019</ref> and Eusebio Ayala Avenue,<ref>[https://www.lanacion.com.py/pais_edicion_impresa/2017/11/21/campana-de-limpieza-de-avda-eusebio-ayala/ Campaña de limpieza de Avda. Eusebio Ayala], ''La Nación'', November 21, 2017</ref><ref>[https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/locales/iglesia-realiza-limpieza-vial-para-concienciar-1651178.html Iglesia realiza limpieza vial para concienciar], ''ABC Color'', November 20, 2017</ref> which have drawn considerable media attention. Local news outlets have reported on the members’ volunteer activities on multiple occasions, helping to raise public awareness and encourage broader community participation.<ref>[https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/locales/evangelicos-haran-limpieza-de-calles-495628.html Evangélicos harán limpieza de calles], ''ABC Color'', December 28, 2012</ref><ref>[https://www.ultimahora.com/mas-pais-n587590.html Más País], ''Ultima Hora'', December 24, 2012</ref>

{{앨범
|정렬=가운데
|그림1={{그림 |파라과이 아순시온 전세계5647차 지구환경정화운동 ASEZ 190407.jpg |타이틀=The 5,647th Worldwide Environmental Cleanup Campaign at Guido Boggiani Avenue}}
|그림2={{그림 |파라과이 아순시온 하나님의 교회-노인병원 위문.jpg |타이틀=Hairdressing and Beauty Volunteer Service at a Nursing Hospital}}
}}

In addition, church members visited a nursing hospital, where they cleaned the interior, swept leaves from the roof, and served warm meals to elderly residents. They also provided joyful experiences through cultural programs that included musical performances, choreographed dances, and New Song presentations. Following the example of [[Christ]], who sacrificed Himself for the salvation of humanity, the members have actively carried out blood drives to save lives and raise awareness about the importance of blood donation. Many citizens, along with church members, have participated in these blood drives, which were organized in cooperation with the Ministry of Health and the National Blood Service.

{{그림 |파라과이 아순시온 ASEZ-파라과이 대통령 접견.jpg |너비= 320px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀= ASEZ Members Meet the President of Paraguay}}

In August 2018, Korean members of [[ASEZ (The Church of God University Student Volunteer Group)|ASEZ]], the university student volunteer group, together with local church members, met with President Mario Abdo of Paraguay and expressed their commitment to continuing volunteer activities for the benefit of the local community.

==External links==
*[https://paraguayiddsmm.org/ Iglesia de Dios Sociedad Misionera Mundial Paraguay]
*{{Cite web |url= https://news.watv.org/photo/content.asp?articleid=p20121218876 | title= The Church of God in Asunción in Paraguay |website=WATV News |publisher= |date= |author= |series= |quote= }}

==See also==
*[[The Church of God in South America]]

==References==
<references />

{{하나님의 교회 둘러보기}}
{{패밀리 사이트}}

[[Category:Church of God]]
[[Category:Churches Around the World]]

The Worldwide Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover

2026-05-15T03:37:57Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:전 세계 유월절사랑 생명사랑 헌혈릴레이]]{{그림 |전세계-유월절사랑-생명사랑-헌혈릴레이 새예루살렘판교 제1356차.jpg |정렬 = 오른쪽섬네일 |너비= 320px| 타이틀= The 1,356th Blood Drive held at [[the New Jerusalem Pangyo Temple]]}}
The '''''Worldwide Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover''''' is a large-scale blood donation campaign conducted by the [[World Mission Society Church of God|Church of God]] to share the love of [[Christ]] contained in the [[The New Covenant Passover|New Covenant Passover]]. Following the example of Jesus Christ, who sacrificed Himself to grant eternal life to humanity, the Church of God around the world continually holds blood drives as a practical expression of life-saving love. Through organized group donations, members help secure a stable blood supply and also contribute blood donation certificates to support transfusions for neighbors in need. Since its launch in Korea in 2005, the church has hosted approximately 1,550 blood drives worldwide, involving about 280,000 participants and resulting in roughly 120,000 actual blood donations, thereby sharing the precious gift of life (as of September 2024).

==Purpose of the Worldwide Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover==
{{그림|최후의 만찬 유월절.jpg|정렬 = 오른쪽섬네일 |너비= 320px| 타이틀= Jesus Christ granted humanity the blessing of eternal life and set us free from the sinful world through the New Covenant Passover.}}
Blood donation is the only way to save the lives of patients in need of transfusions by sharing healthy blood, as blood cannot be artificially manufactured and no substitute exists. According to the [https://www.who.int/ World Health Organization (WHO)], the safest form of blood donation is “''voluntary'' non-remunerated blood donation,” given freely without compensation. However, only 79 countries worldwide secure more than 90 percent of their blood supply through this method, while many nations still rely on family replacement donations or paid blood donations.<ref>[https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blood-safety-and-availability Blood safety and availability,] ''WHO''</ref>

In addition, donated blood cannot be stored for long periods. To maintain an adequate supply—equivalent to approximately five days’ worth—it is essential for citizens to participate in blood donation regularly. The Korean Red Cross emphasizes the importance of this practice, stating that “donating blood while healthy is an act of love for yourself, your loved ones, and for everyone, since anyone could find themselves in need of a transfusion.”<ref>[https://www.bloodinfo.net/knrcbs/cm/cntnts/cntntsView.do?mi=1043&cntntsId=1001 The Importance of Blood Donation], ''Blood Services Headquarters, Korean Red Cross''</ref>

The Church of God carries out the Worldwide Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover in accordance with the example of [[Jesus Christ]], who established the [[New Covenant]] [[Passover]] for the salvation of humanity. The Passover commemorates the day when, 2,000 years ago, Jesus granted humanity the [[Forgiveness of Sins|forgiveness of sins]] and the blessing of eternal life through bread and wine, representing His flesh and blood.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A17-28&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:17–28 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A53-55&version=NIV |title=John 6:53–55 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

The Church of God practices the love taught by Jesus by continuing blood donation relays, delivering life and hope to the global family.<ref>[https://www.donga.com/news/Economy/article/all/20241003/130142752/1 Church of God: 60 Years of Love and Hope... Spreading Positive Influence Through the ‘Worldwide Hope Challenge’], ''The DongA Ilbo'', October 7, 2024</ref>
{{참고|Passover|l1=|설명=}}

==Status of Blood Drives==
{{그림| 유월절사랑 생명사랑 헌혈릴레이 대전 서구 헌혈.jpg |정렬 = 오른쪽섬네일 |너비= 320px| 타이틀= The Church of God in Seo-gu, Daejeon, Korea, held a blood drive in cooperation with the local blood center.}}
The church’s blood drives are conducted in partnership with regional blood centers, which support the events by dispatching blood donation buses and medical personnel to oversee the donation process. Local churches provide facilities for preliminary medical screening, blood collection, and rest areas, along with refreshments for participants.

In particular, the [[Church of God in Seogu, Daejeon, Korea|Church of God in Seo-gu, Daejeon]], Korea, supported approximately 1,000 blood donations by offering its building as a venue for medical screening and post-donation rest. Kim Yong-sang, then Director of the Daejeon–Sejong–Chungnam Blood Center, remarked, “Blood is needed all year round because there are always patients who require transfusions. These well-organized blood drives are a great help to them.”<ref>Let’s Share Life... Church of God Leads Large-Scale Blood Drive Relay, ''Chungcheong Maeil'', May 1, 2018</ref> Kim Dong-su, Director of the Gwangju–Jeonnam Blood Center, who observed a blood drive held at the [[Church of God in Suncheon, Korea|Church of God in Suncheon]], also expressed his appreciation, saying, “I am grateful to the members of the Church of God who take time out of their busy schedules every year to participate in blood donation. I ask for your continued participation in this most noble act of love—blood donation.”<ref>[https://www.namdonews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=772293 1,448th Worldwide Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover], ''Namdo Ilbo'', May 23, 2024</ref>

The enthusiasm of church members for saving lives is equally noteworthy.<ref>[https://www.fntoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=318760 Church of God Takes the Lead in Healthy Blood Donation for a Healthy Community Campaign], ''Finance Today'', April 18, 2024</ref> A female adult member who participated in a blood drive in Ulsan shared, “When I heard a month in advance that there would be a blood drive, I took extra care of my health and even watched what I ate so that I could donate clean, healthy blood.” A male adult member added, “I always tell my children that if there is a meaningful way to save another person’s life, it is best to do it while you are still healthy.”<ref>[http://www.uwnews.co.kr/sub_read.html?uid=30992 Church of God’s 179th Life-Loving Blood Donation Campaign], ''Ulsan Women’s News'', January 22, 2014</ref> Local blood centers and government officials have expressed deep appreciation for these efforts. Kim Cheol-su, a team leader at the Chungnam Blood Center who observed blood drives in the Seosan and Sejong areas, noted that the blood collected would be delivered to locations where it was urgently needed, adding, “I can truly feel the sincerity in the members’ efforts to value life.”<ref>[http://www.goodmorningcc.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=25905 Church of God Continues Blood Drive Relay], ''Good Morning Chungcheong'', March 17, 2015</ref>
{{앨범
|정렬=가운데
|그림1={{그림 |남아프리카공화국-케이프타운-벨빌 전-세계-유월절사랑-생명사랑 1378차 헌혈릴레이.jpg |타이틀=The 1,378th Worldwide Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover held at the Church of God in Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa, in partnership with the Western Cape Blood Service.}}
|그림2={{그림 |유월절사랑 생명사랑 헌혈릴레이 페루 포셋 헌혈(영부인 참여).jpg |타이틀=During a blood drive at the Church of God in Faucett, Peru, the First Lady of Peru at the time attended and encouraged the donors.}}
|그림3={{그림 |미국 CA 오렌지카운티 전 세계 유월절사랑 생명사랑 1297차 헌혈릴레이 셔린 어디터리움 앤 엑스포 홀.jpg |타이틀=The 1,297th Blood Drive held at the Shrine Auditorium & Expo Hall in the United States}}
}}

In many countries outside Korea, awareness of blood donation remains low, resulting in a shortage of regular donors and making it difficult to secure a stable blood supply. The blood drives organized by the Church of God have helped raise public awareness of blood donation and encouraged greater participation among citizens. In [[The Church of God in Bellville, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa|South Africa, the Church of God in Bellville, Cape Town]], held a blood drive in cooperation with the National Blood Service. The church explained that in many parts of African society, blood donation is often regarded as a taboo and expressed hope that the campaign would help dispel such prejudice and foster a positive perception of blood donation as a life-saving act.<ref>[https://northcliffmelvilletimes.co.za/280370/church-of-god-host-blood-drive/ Church of God host blood drive,] ''Northcliff Melville Times'', November 11, 2018</ref>

On April 28, 2017, during a blood drive held at the [[The Church of God in Faucett, Peru|Church of God in Faucett, Peru]], the First Lady of Peru visited the site and encouraged the participants who were serving their neighbors. She stated, “You are setting a good example for Peru. I sincerely thank the Church of God for serving in such an organized way with a beautiful sense of mission.”<ref>[https://watvmedia.org/ko/media/blood-drive-for-the-flood-victims-in-peru Blood Drive Relay with the First Lady of Peru], ''WATV MEDIA CAST''</ref> In the Philippines, local churches partnered with the Red Cross to hold a blood drive at the Social Hall of the National Assembly. The event was open to passersby in the surrounding area, and through the members’ active promotion, many people participated. On that day alone, more than ninety individuals donated blood.<ref>[https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1742114/cebu/local-news/90-donate-blood-at-capitol-for-world-mission-red-cross 90 Donate Blood at Capitol for World Mission, Red Cross], ''SUNSTAR'', May 8, 2018.</ref>

On June 20, 2021, the 1,000th ''Worldwide Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover'' was held in Zimbabwe. A representative of the Bulawayo Chapter of the National Blood Service expressed gratitude, saying, “Because of the COVID-19 lockdowns, blood donation rates have dropped and the blood supply has been drastically reduced. You have given a very special gift to those who need transfusions.” Three days later, on June 23, the campaign continued in Peru with the 1,001st blood drive.<ref>[http://m.monthly.chosun.com/client/mdaily/daily_view.asp?idx=12911&Newsnumb=20210712911 Church of God Surpasses 1,000 Global Blood Drives Over 15 Years], ''Monthly Chosun'', July 12, 2021</ref>

In addition, Churches of God around the world—including those in San Diego, Temecula, El Paso, and Salt Lake City in the United States; Manchester in the United Kingdom; Osaka and Tokyo in Japan; Melbourne in Australia; Auckland in New Zealand; and Hyderabad in India—continue to participate in blood donation.<ref>[https://watv.org/blood-donation-relay/ ‘Worldwide Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover’ Was Held Over 1,000 Times], ''WATV.org'', June 20, 2021</ref>

==Awards and Recognition==
{{그림|유월절사랑 생명사랑 헌혈릴레이 2018년 보건복지부 표창장.jpg|정렬 = 오른쪽섬네일 |너비= 250px| 타이틀=Plaque of Commendation from the Minister of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea}}
The Church of God has been widely recognized for its efforts to save lives through blood donation and to raise public awareness of its importance. As a result, the church has received commendations and certificates of appreciation from government agencies, Red Cross societies, and blood centers in many countries.<ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/search?search=blood+donation Awards Related to Blood Donation], ''WATV Awards''</ref>

In Korea, the church received a plaque of commendation from the Minister of Health and Welfare in 2018 in celebration of [https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-blood-donor-day World Blood Donor Day]. Cho Nam-seon, then Director of the Seoul Nambu Blood Center of the Korean Red Cross, remarked, “As our society ages, the number of blood donors is decreasing, while the number of patients needing transfusions continues to rise. The Church of God’s group blood drives—especially the unusually high participation rate of middle-aged members, which is rarely seen in Korea—will serve as a catalyst for establishing a strong culture of blood donation.” He added that he was deeply impressed by the members’ dedication, noting that they carefully managed their health days in advance and came to donate blood even before going to work or school, thereby highlighting the social significance of the church’s blood drive.<ref>[https://news.watv.org/internal/content.asp?articleid=i20180614762 Church of God Receives Commendation from Minister of Health and Welfare], ''WATV News'', June 14, 2018</ref>

==See also==
*[[World Mission Society Church of God]]
*[[The Church of God’s Community Service Activities]]
*[[Church of God Health & Well-Being Support]]

==Related videos==
*'''Let's Share Life with the Love of the Passover'''
<youtube>w2Df0TabqUo</youtube>

==References==
<references />

{{패밀리 사이트}}

[[Category:Church of God]]
[[Category:Community Service]]

The Church of God in Cotonou, Benin

2026-05-13T02:44:51Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:베냉 코토누 하나님의 교회]]{{지역교회
|image={{그림| 베냉-코토누-초막절대회끝날-20121007.jpg|너비=320px|정렬=가운데|타이틀=Members of the Church of God in Cotonou, Benin}}
|설명=
|Name=The Church of God in Cotonou, Benin
|성전건립=
|Location=Cotonou, Littoral, Benin
|Category=Church
|Purpose=Worship, Preaching the Gospel, Community Service
|대표=
|Belong to=[[World Mission Society Church of God]]
|website=[https://watv.org/ Church of God Official Website]
}}
'''The Church of God in Cotonou, Benin''', was established in July 2010. Its official name is the World Mission Society Church of God in Cotonou, Benin.

==Sanctuary overview==
*Establishment: July 10, 2010
*Location: Cotonou, Littoral, Benin
*Activities: Environmental cleanups, helping neighbors in need, blood drives, etc.

==Features==
Benin is a country in West Africa bordered by Nigeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, and Togo. Cotonou, where the Church of God is located, is a major port city on the Gulf of Guinea and serves as the economic and industrial center of the country. Although Porto-Novo is the official capital of Benin, many key national institutions—including the Presidential Palace, the National Assembly, and the courts—are located in Cotonou, making it the de facto capital.

Prior to the establishment of the Church of God in Cotonou, a meaningful connection was formed in 2003 through the [https://theme.archives.go.kr//next/photo/universiade03List.do Daegu Summer Universiade]. At that time, Beninese athletes who participated in the event received warm support from the [[Church of God’s Aurah Supporters]]. Benin was relatively little known in Korea and was even described by Korean media as an “unfamiliar participating country.”<ref>[https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/220050#home Unexpected Participation Raises Eyebrows], ''The JoongAng'', August 27, 2003</ref><ref>D-6 to the Universiade Games, ''Maeil Business Newspaper'', August 14, 2003</ref> Nevertheless, church members welcomed the athletes at the airport with placards bearing the name of Benin and provided wholehearted assistance throughout the event, including cheering, interpretation, and farewell support. In 2006, during his visit to Seoul for the Korea–Africa Forum, then President of Benin, Thomas Boni Yayi, met with pastors of the Church of God and expressed his gratitude for their support and kindness.<ref>[http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?nNewsNumb=200903100002 <nowiki>[Exploring Unconventional Religious Groups] People Who Worship 'God the Mother' – World Mission Society Church of God</nowiki>], ''Monthly Chosun'', March 2009</ref>

Members of the Church of God in Cotonou faithfully keep the [[The Feasts of God|feasts of God]] and diligently share the [[gospel]] with their neighbors to spread the blessing of salvation. At the same time, they foster a culture of sharing and service through ongoing volunteer activities. Beginning the year after its establishment, the church carried out multiple cleanup campaigns in various areas, including near the Agla transmission towers, de l’Amitié Stadium, and the courthouse complex. These efforts attracted significant attention from the local community and were even reported by local broadcasting stations.

Serge Trinite Soglo, Head of the 13th District of Cotonou, praised the church members for their environmental cleanups, stating, “The Church of God has set an example by practicing love for neighbors according to the word of God, and I wish to continue working together with them.”<ref>[https://news.watv.org/over/content.asp?articleid=o20121223443 Busy Steps to Revive the Global Environment], ''WATV News'', December 23, 2012</ref> In recognition of their continued efforts to clean and maintain public spaces, the Deputy Mayor of Cotonou presented the church with a certificate of appreciation.<ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/award/587 Certificate of Appreciation from Deputy Mayor of Cotonou], ''WATV Awards'', January 27, 2014</ref>

University student volunteer group [[ASEZ (The Church of God University Student Volunteer Group)|ASEZ]] takes the lead in crime prevention by helping create cleaner and safer streets through environmental cleanups.<ref>[https://shindonga.donga.com/culture/article/all/13/1824849/1 University Students and Working Young Adults Volunteer Group ASEZ & ASEZ WAO – World Mission Society Church of God], ''Shindonga'', September 2019</ref> In addition, motivated by [[God]]’s love, the church visits children’s welfare facilities to donate school supplies,<ref>[https://news.watv.org/internal/content.asp?articleid=i20130430245 Sharing Love with Neighbors for the Passover Around the World], ''WATV News,'' April 30, 2013</ref> participates in blood drives to support life-saving efforts, and engages in other volunteer activities that contribute to the well-being and harmony of the local community.{{앨범
|너비=960px
|정렬=가운데
|개수=3
|그림1={{그림 |베냉-코토누-전세계-지구환경정화운동-아이제도-공원-20140126.jpg |타이틀=Worldwide Environmental Cleanup of a park in Aidjedo}}
|그림2={{그림 |베냉-코토누-고아원-방문-20130428.jpg |타이틀=Visit to Abomey-Calavi SOS Children’s Village}}
|그림3={{그림 |베냉-코토누-전세계-유월절사랑-생명사랑-308차-헌혈릴레이-세나슈병원-20140519.jpg |타이틀=The 308th Worldwide Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover, held at CNHU Hospital}}
}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web |url=https://news.watv.org/photo/content.asp?articleid=p20121207310|title= The Church of God in Cotonou, Benin|website= WATV News|publisher= |date= |year= |author= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}

==See also==
*[[The Church of God in Africa]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Church of God]]
[[Category:Churches Around the World]]

Cyrus (II)

2026-05-13T02:13:08Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:고레스 (키루스 2세)]][[vi:Siru (Cyrus II)]][[es:Ciro (II)]][[pt:Ciro (II)]]{{Template:성경인물
|image=[[File:Cyrus the Great of Persia.jpg|Cyrus_the_Great_of_Persia|200px|가운데|]]
|above=Cyrus (II)
|Period=
|Birth to death= c. 585–529 BC
|Family=
|Occupation(Features)=Founder of the Achaemenid Dynasty, the ancient Persian Empire
|Activity area=
|Reign= 559–529 BC
|Major achievements=Conquest of Babylon, Liberation of the captives of Judah 
}}
'''Cyrus''' '''II''' of Persia (reigned 559–529 BC), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian empire. Cyrus conquered a vast territory from West Asia to the Middle East and unified 23 countries with different religions, ideologies, races, and history. [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Xenophon Xenophon], a writer of ancient Greece and a disciple of [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Socrates Socrates], described Cyrus as an ideal conqueror who was brave, generous, and magnanimous in his biographical novel, ''Cyropaedia (The Education of Cyrus)''.<ref>[https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-iiia CYRUS iiia. Cyrus II as Portrayed by Xenophon and Herodotus], ''Encyclopaedia Iranica''</ref> His character and ruling ideology became known to the Greeks, who were enemies, and influenced even [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-the-Great Alexander the Great].<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2013/4/25/the-story-behind-the-cyrus-cylinder The story behind the Cyrus Cylinder], Kimberly Halkett, ''ALJAZEERA'', April 25, 2013</ref> Cyrus is pronounced as Ko-re-sh in Hebrew (כּוֹרֶשׁ). In the Old Testament written in Hebrew (some Aramaic), Cyrus is described as the anointed one or the liberator of the Jews held captive in the Babylonian empire (Neo-Babylonia). Although he was the king of a Gentile country, the book of Isaiah chapters 41, 44, 45, and 46 prophesy about him in detail.

==Life==
[[File:Cyrus the Great Tomb, Pasargadae.jpg|thumb|Cyrus’ tomb in Pasargadae, Iran]]
===Birth===
Cyrus was most likely born in around 590–580 BC in [https://www.britannica.com/place/Media-ancient-region-Iran Media] or Persis (now Fars, Iran). Astyages, king of the Median Empire, married off his daughter, Princess Mandane, to Cambyses the ruler of Persis. Their son was Cyrus. According to the ''Histories'' written by the Greek historian [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herodotus-Greek-historian Herodotus], Astyages dreamed that his daughter's son would destroy him, and so he ordered his servant to kill Cyrus. One of his servants gave the baby to a shepherd to kill him, but the shepherd secretly raised the baby by swapping with his dead child.<ref>Cyrus the Great and His Empire: His Triumph of Liberty and Freedom, The Birth of Cyrus, F.G. Ghamsari, January 25, 2021</ref>

===Conquest of Media===
Cyrus grew up and inherited the Median Empire around 550 BC after rebelling against his maternal grandfather Astyages. Persia inherited the territory of eastern Iran, which was owned by the Median Empire, and Cyrus conquered the west after conquering the Iranian tribes.<ref name=":0">[https://www.worldhistory.org/Cyrus_the_Great/ Cyrus the Great], ''World History Encyclopedia'', February 21, 2018</ref> In the Bible, it is also referred to as “Media and Persia,” or “Persia and Media,”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Esther+1%3A3+&version=NIV |title=Esther 1:3 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Esther+10%3A2&version=NIV |title=Esther 10:2 |publisher= }}</ref> or “Persia.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+36%3A20&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 36:20 |publisher= }}</ref> Since Persia was superior in many respects to Media and held the kingship, it is often called the Persian Empire in world history.

===Conquest of Lydia===
Kroisos (reigned 560?–546? BC), the king of [https://www.britannica.com/place/Lydia-ancient-region-Anatolia Lydia], a great power in Asia Minor attacked Persia. However, Kroisos retreated to Sardis, the capital city of Lydia, due to Cyrus’ attack. In those days, there was no war in winter, so Kroisos disbanded his Lydian army and requested his allies, Egypt and Babylon, to send their troops in the spring. At that time, Cyrus’ camel cavalry marched toward Sardis. Kroisos hastily summoned his horsemen, but the horses were frightened by the smell of the camels, so they could not fight properly. Eventually, around 546 BC, Lydia was conquered by Cyrus. The Greek cities of the Aegean Sea, which belonged to Lydia, too, became subject to Cyrus.<ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/cyrus-the-great Who was Cyrus the Great?], Culture, ''National Geographic'', May 7, 2019</ref>

===Conquest of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian Empire)===
Cyrus also conquered Babylon around 539 BC. Babylon, the capital city of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, was the largest city in the world at that time. Cyrus took advantage of Babylon’s internal discontent and dissension due to Nabonidus, king of Babylon (556–539 BC), and he captured Babylon without much difficulty. By doing so, he conquered not only [https://www.britannica.com/place/Mesopotamia-historical-region-Asia Mesopotamia] but also Syria and Palestine that Babylon had ruled over, and built the largest empire unprecedented at that time.

===Death===
Cyrus continued his expedition to Central Asia, and was alleged to have died in battle around 529 BC somewhere near the Oxus (Amu Darya) and Jaxartes (Syr Darya) rivers. After Cyrus, Cambyses II became king. He conquered ancient Egypt around 525 BC and unified Orient.<ref>[https://www.dictionary.com/browse/orient Orient], ''Dictionary.com''</ref>

==Cyrus (II) in the Bible==
The Bible records the work of King Cyrus in 2 Chronicles 36:22–23 and Ezra 1. After Cyrus conquered Babylon, he freed the Jewish people from the captivity in Babylon.

{{quote5 |내용= "In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, in order to fulfill the word of the LORD spoken by Jeremiah, the LORD moved the heart of Cyrus king of Persia to make a proclamation throughout his realm and to put it in writing: “This is what Cyrus king of Persia says: ‘The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and he has appointed me to build a temple for him at Jerusalem in Judah. Anyone of his people among you-may the LORD his God be with him, and let him go up.'"|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+36%3A22-23&version=NIV 2 Chronicles 36:22–23]}}

Cyrus ordered the return of the Jews and the building of the temple in Jerusalem, which was destroyed during the invasion of Babylon. Cyrus returned the articles that Nebuchadnezzar II (reigned c. 630–562 BC; hereinafter Nebuchadnezzar), king of Babylon, had taken to Jerusalem, and provided all things necessary for their return and construction of the temple.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezra+1%3A4-11&version=NIV |title=Ezra 1:4–11 }}</ref>

===Conquest of Babylon===
[[File:Belshazzar's Feast.jpg|thumb|''Belshazzar's_Feast'' by Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn, 1635–1638]]
When Cyrus attacked Babylon, Nabonidus was the king of Babylon. Nabonidus had his son Belshazzar (reigned 550–539 BC) act as regent in the capital city, Babylon, and he went to the battlefield. In Daniel 5, it says the fingers of a human hand appeared and wrote, “Mene, Mene, Tekel, Parsin,” at the banquet held by Belshazzar. The letters meant that Babylon would be destroyed by Media and Persia. That night, Belshazzar died and Babylon was taken over by Persia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+5%3A22-28&version=NIV |title=Daniel 5:22–28 }}</ref> According to history, Belshazzar boastfully said at the banquet, “No matter how strong they are, this city of Babylon cannot be destroyed,” while the city was surrounded by Cyrus’ army.<ref>[https://www.sciencetimes.co.kr/news/%EB%82%A0%EC%94%A8%EC%97%90-%EC%9A%B8%EA%B3%A0-%EC%9B%83%EC%9D%80-%ED%82%A4%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4-%EB%8C%80%EC%99%95/ Cyrus King Laughed and Cried in the Weather], ''The Science Times'', Ban Ki-sung, a researcher at Yonsei University's Global Environment Research Institute, August 26, 2010</ref> In fact, Babylon was an impregnable city at that time. It was founded by Nebuchadnezzar the second king of Babylon and it was the largest city in the ancient world with an area of 100,000㎡. To the west of the Ishtar Gate, one of the eight great gates, was a palace with a fortress covering an area of 16,200 ㎢. The deep and wide Euphrates River flowed around the castle like a moat<ref>[https://www.dictionary.com/browse/moat moat], ''Dictionary.com''</ref>, which became a natural defense line, and the walls were double-layered and strong. Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian, wrote in his book, ''History'', that the walls of Babylon were 25 meter thick and 90 meter high.<ref>Herodotus Vol. I, Book I: chapters 178‑216, Loeb Classical Library edition, 1920</ref> Moreover, on the east side, a threefold outer wall, stretching 17,702 meters, was placed. It was presumed to be very beautiful and decorative, and the [https://www.britannica.com/place/Hanging-Gardens-of-Babylon Hanging Gardens], one of the seven wonders of the world, was located there.<ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/babylon-restoration-king-nebuchadrezzar-empire Nebuchadrezzar: the builder king of Babylon], HISTORY MAGAZINE, ''NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC'', December 5, 2018</ref><ref>The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: An Elusive World Wonder Traced, Stephanie Dalley, ''OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS'', 2013</ref> Even Cyrus found it difficult to defeat Babylon only by military power. While Belshazzar was enjoying the banquet, Cyrus marched toward the fortress by changing the direction of the stream of the Euphrates River according to one theory. One thing is clear that Cyrus entered Babylon without losing any lives or shedding blood, and he eventually conquered Babylon.<ref name=":0" /> Cyrus captured the city of Babylon and appointed Darius the Mede to rule the region of Babylon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+5%3A30-31&version=NIV |title=Daniel 5:30–31 |publisher= }}</ref>

===Liberation of the Captives of Judah===
Judah was under Babylonian rule in the sixth century BC. Around 586 BC, in the days of Zedekiah the king of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon burned Jerusalem and destroyed it thoroughly, and he took the gold and silver articles of the Jerusalem temple and the precious sacred offerings to Babylon. Many Jews died, and hundreds of thousands of the Jews were taken captive.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Nebuchadnezzar_II/ |title=Nebuchadnezzar II |website=World History Encyclopedia |publisher= |date=November 7, 2018 |year= |author= |series= |isbn= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+25%3A8-17&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 25:8–17 }}</ref> The prophet Jeremiah said that the destruction of Judah was the result of their disobedience to God’s word.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+25%3A8-9&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 25:8–9 }}</ref> He also prophesied that in due time the Jews would be released from Babylonian captivity, and that Babylon would be desolate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+25%3A12-14&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 25:12–14 }}</ref> As he had prophesied, Babylon was destroyed by Cyrus the king of Persia. Cyrus conquered Babylon and issued a decree to free the Jews who had been captive there and to return to their homeland, Jerusalem. After ordering the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem, which Nebuchadnezzar had destroyed, Cyrus even gave offerings to rebuild the temple.
{{quote5 |내용= "In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, in order to fulfill the word of the LORD spoken by Jeremiah, the LORD moved the heart of Cyrus king of Persia to make a proclamation throughout his realm and to put it in writing: “This is what Cyrus king of Persia says: “ ‘The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and he has appointed me to build a temple for him at Jerusalem in Judah. Anyone of his people among you-may his God be with him, and '''let him go up to Jerusalem in Judah and build the temple of the LORD''', the God of Israel, the God who is in Jerusalem.'"|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezra+1%3A1-3&version=NIV Ezra 1:1–3]}}

When the decree of Cyrus was issued, the tribe leaders, priests, and Levites arose to rebuild the temple, and the people around them too helped with various offerings. Cyrus took out all the utensils and vessels of the LORD’s temple that Nebuchadnezzar had seized from Jerusalem and put in the temple of his god, and brought them out to return to Jerusalem.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezra+1%3A5-11&version=NIV |title=Ezra 1:5–11 }}</ref>

==Biblical Prophecy About Cyrus==
Cyrus was the king of a Gentile nation who did not believe in God, but the Bible prophesied about Cyrus in detail. In the book of Isaiah, which was written about 170 years before Cyrus conquered Babylon, the name Cyrus and the work he would do were prophesied.

===Conquer the Nations===
[[File: Ancient near east 540 bc.svg|thumb|Map of the ancient Near East before Cyrus conquered Babylon]]
Cyrus conquered all the great powers of the time, including Media, Lydia, and Babylon. In particular, Babylon was captured with almost no resistance to the attack of Cyrus. By conquering Babylon, Cyrus occupied not only the Babylonian city but also all the regions that Babylon had conquered, including Assyria, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. Moreover, under King Cyrus’ reign, Persia became the great nation that conquered the most regions of South West Asia, Central Asia, and even India.<ref>[https://www.history.com/news/cyrus-the-great-persian-empire-iran How Cyrus the Great Turned Ancient Persia Into a Superpower], ''History.com'', July 14, 2022</ref> The book of Isaiah prophesied that God would make the nations surrender before Cyrus and make his path smooth.
{{quote5 |내용=“This is what the LORD says to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I take hold of to subdue nations before him and to strip kings of their armor, to open doors before him so that gates will not be shut: I will go before you and will level the mountains; I will break down gates of bronze and cut through bars of iron. I will give you the treasures of darkness, riches stored in secret places, so that you may know that I am the LORD, the God of Israel, who summons you by name.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+45%3A1-3&version=NIV Isaiah 45:1–3]}}
===Liberation of the Captives of Judah and Restoration of Jerusalem===
After the conquest of Babylon, Cyrus issued a decree allowing the Jews, who were captives of Babylon, to return to Jerusalem. As a conqueror, it was very unusual to repatriate the captives of an occupied country with asking anything from them in return. In addition, Cyrus, the king of a great power, praised [[Jehovah]] as a “true god,” which a weaker nation believed in, and ordered the Jews to go back to Jerusalem to build the temple of Jehovah and provided materials for the construction of the temple.<ref>[https://jewishjournal.com/culture/food/121785/what-if-cyrus-had-not-freed-the-jews/ What if Cyrus had not freed the Jews?], ''JEWISH JOURNAL'', September 24, 2013</ref>
{{quote5 |내용=“[W]ho says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd and will accomplish all that I please; '''he will say of Jerusalem, “Let it be rebuilt''',” and of the temple, “Let its foundations be laid.” ’ ” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+44%3A28&version=NIV Isaiah 44:28]}}{{quote5 |내용= “I will raise up Cyrus in my righteousness: I will make all his ways straight. '''He will rebuild my city and set my exiles free, but not for a price or reward''', says the LORD Almighty.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+45%3A13&version=NIV Isaiah 45:13]}}

Cyrus glorified God who gave him all the nations of the world, and according to the prophecy of Isaiah, he freed the Jews and issued a decree of the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezra+1%3A2-4&version=NIV |title=Ezra 1:2–4 }}</ref>

===The Anointed One===
[[File:Cyrus II le Grand et les Hébreux.jpg|thumb|250px|''Cyrus the Great and the Hebrews'' by Jean Fouquet, 1470: Cyrus frees the Jews who were captives in Babylon. ]]
In Isaiah 45, Cyrus was prophesied to be called, “God’s anointed.”
{{quote5 |내용= “This is what the LORD says '''to his anointed, to Cyrus''', whose right hand I take hold of to subdue nations before him and to strip kings of their armor, to open doors before him so that gates will not be shut. . . . I will raise up Cyrus in my righteousness: I will make all his ways straight. He will rebuild my city and set my exiles free, but not for a price or reward, says the LORD Almighty.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+45%3A1-13&version=NIV Isaiah 45:1–13]}}

In the Old Testament times, “to be anointed” meant someone was called as a special person to carry out the special work of God; priests,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+40%3A15&version=NIV |title=Exodus 40:15 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+16%3A32&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 16:32 }}</ref> kings,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+3%3A39+&version=NIV |title=2 Samuel 3:39 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+5%3A1&version=NIV |title=1 Kings 5:1 }}</ref> and prophets were anointed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+19%3A16+&version=NIV |title=1 Kings 19:16 }}</ref> Cyrus was the king of a Gentile empire, but he was given the special mission from God to free the Jews who were held captive in Babylon.

===An Eagle From the East, a Man From the East===
Following Isaiah 45, the name of Cyrus is not mentioned in Isaiah 46, but there is no disagreement that the prophecy is about Cyrus. At the beginning of chapter 46, the prophet Isaiah prophesied that Bel and Nebo would bow down and stoop low.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+46%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 46:1–2 }}</ref> Bel and Nebo were idols that were worshiped in Babylon, and the Babylonians believed their gods would protect them. However, because of Cyrus’ appearance, Babylon fell and their gods fell, too.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+47%3A1+&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 47:1 }}</ref> On the other hand, liberation and salvation came to the Jews who were captive in Babylon. Concerning this, verse 13 prophesied that God would grant salvation to Zion and splendor to Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+46%3A13+&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 46:13 }}</ref> Isaiah 46 was a prophecy that God would fulfill the plan of salvation through Cyrus, who would come from a far-off land in the east.
{{quote5 |내용=“From the '''east''' I summon a '''bird of prey'''; from a '''far-off land, a man to fulfill my purpose'''. What I have said, that will I bring about; what I have planned, that will I do.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+46%3A11&version=NIV Isaiah 46:11]}}

The above prophecy is related to a man from the east in Isaiah 41.
{{quote5 |내용=“Who has stirred up one from the '''east''', calling him in righteousness to his service? '''He hands nations over to him and subdues kings before him'''. He turns them to dust with his sword, to windblown chaff with his bow. He pursues them and moves on unscathed, by a path his feet have not traveled before. Who has done this and carried it through, calling forth the generations from the beginning? I, the LORD-with the first of them and with the last-I am he.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+41%3A2-4&version=NIV Isaiah 41:2–4]}}

Persia was a country located to the east of Israel at that time. King Cyrus, who rose from the east, conquered not only Babylon but also many nations, and many kings surrendered to him, as prophesied in the Bible.

==Cyrus and Second Coming Christ==
===God Comes From the East===
In Isaiah 41 and 46, a person who would appear from a far-off land in the east was Cyrus (II) and he fulfilled the prophecy for the first time. However, this prophecy is finally fulfilled through the [[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)|Christ who will come again from the east]]. 
{{quote5 |내용= “The poor and needy search for water, but there is none; their tongues are parched with thirst. But I the LORD will answer them; I, the God of Israel, will not forsake them. I will make rivers flow on barren heights, and springs within the valleys. I will turn the desert into pools of water, and the parched ground into springs.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+41%3A17-18&version=NIV Isaiah 41:17–18]}}

The prophecy recorded in the latter part of Isaiah 41 is what will happen when God raises up a man from the east. It records that when a man appears from the east, he will make rivers flow on barren heights and will turn the desert into pools of water, and the parched ground into springs, and idolaters will fear and tremble, so they will gather together.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+41%3A5-7+&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 41:5–7 }}</ref> All of these events didn’t take place when Cyrus appeared. These events will take place when God, who is the source of the living water, comes into the world.
{{quote5 |내용= “Be strong, do not fear; your '''God will come''', he will come with vengeance; with divine retribution he will come to save you.” . . . '''Water will gush forth in the wilderness and streams in the desert. The burning sand will become a pool, the thirsty ground bubbling springs'''. In the haunts where jackals once lay, grass and reeds and papyrus will grow. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+35%3A4-7&version=NIV Isaiah 35:4–7]}}

The prophet Amos described the state where humankind lost the truth as a ”famine of not hearing God’s word.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Amos+8%3A11-13+&version=NIV |title=Amos 8:11–13 }}</ref> God is the only One who can give the water of life to the souls in a famine and to a land that is dry because of the lack of truth.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+21%3A6+&version=NIV |title=Revelation 21:6 }}</ref> The prophet Isaiah prophesied that this would happen when a man from the east came into the world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+41%3A17-18+&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 41:17–18 }}</ref> Isaiah 41 is not just a prophecy about Cyrus, but about Christ who comes from the east with the water of life.

 The bird of prey (eagle) in Isaiah 46, too, has a special meaning. Concerning His emancipating the Israelites from Egypt, God said He carried them on eagles’ wings and brought them to Him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+19%3A4+&version=NIV |title=Exodus 19:4 }}</ref> Concerning His protecting the Israelites and leading them to Canaan, He said He did just like an eagle protecting its young.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+32%3A10-12+&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 32:10–12 }}</ref> This implies that the prophecy of Isaiah 46, too, showed that God would appear from the east and carry out the work of salvation. Two thousand years ago, God came into this world in the name of Jesus. However, [[Jesus Christ]] was born in Israel, not in a far-off land in the east which Isaiah saw through revelation. The One who will rise up from a far-off land in the east and save God’s people refers to the Christ who will come a second time in the last days.

===Judgment Against Spiritual Babylon===
[[file:The fall of Babylon; Cyrus the Great defeating the Chaldean Wellcome V0034440.jpg|thumb|''The Fall of Babylon'' by John Martin: Cyrus the Great defeating the Chaldean army, 1819–1831]]
Cyrus conquered Babylon and freed the Israelites from captivity in Babylon. Christ, who comes a second time into this world as spiritual Cyrus, saves God’s people from the spiritual Babylon. In the book of Revelation, the spiritual Babylon is described as a great city that opposes God and commits spiritual prostitution. In order to judge the great city of Babylon, God told His people to come out of it quickly; because God’s people are still being held captive to the spiritual Babylon.

{{quote5 |내용=“Fallen! Fallen is '''Babylon the Great'''! She has become a home for demons and a haunt for every evil spirit, a haunt for every unclean and detestable bird. For all the nations have drunk the maddening wine of her adulteries. The kings of the earth committed adultery with her, and the merchants of the earth grew rich from her excessive luxuries.” Then I heard another voice from heaven say: “'''Come out of her, my people, so that you will not share in her sins, so that you will not receive any of her plagues'''.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+18%3A2-4&version=NIV Revelation 18:2–4]}}

Two thousand years ago, Jesus Christ established the truth of life for the salvation of humankind such as the New Covenant Passover and the Sabbath. However, after the Apostolic Age, all the truths disappeared through the Dark Ages. Those who have faith to be able to receive salvation disappeared from the world,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+18%3A8+&version=NIV |title=Luke 18:8 }}</ref> and all human beings again became slaves to sin and death,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+6%3A17-18&version=NIV |title=Romans 6:17–18 }}</ref> and also became captives to the spiritual Babylon. In the world where there is no truth, a liberator, the spiritual Cyrus, must appear for those who have become captives of the spiritual Babylon. The Second Coming Christ is the spiritual Cyrus. He is to be born in a far-off land in the east, preach the truth of life, and save God’s people from spiritual Babylon.

==Related videos==
*'''The Parable of the ‘Bird of Prey in the East’'''
<youtube>zKScDDK1tvQ&t=1s</youtube>

==See also==
*[[Ahnsahnghong]]
*[[Where Jesus Comes a Second Time]]
*[[Seal of God]]

==External links==
*[https://ahnsahnghong.com/en/ Christ Ahnsahnghong Official Website]
*[https://watv.org/ World Mission Society Church of God Official Website]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Figures]]
[[Category:God the Father]]

The Church of God in Douala, Cameroon

2026-05-11T02:29:22Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:카메룬 두알라 하나님의 교회]]{{지역교회
|image={{그림 | 카메룬두알라_하나님의교회성도들_2022유월절.jpg|정렬=가운데|너비=320px|타이틀 = Members of the Church of God in Douala, Cameroon}}
|설명=
|Name=The Church of God in Douala, Cameroon
|성전건립=
|Location=Douala, Littoral, Cameroon
|Category=Church
|Purpose=Worship, Preaching the Gospel, Community Service
|대표=
|Belong to=[[World Mission Society Church of God]]
|website=[https://watv.org/ Church of God Official Website]
}}
'''The Church of God in Douala, Cameroon''', is located in Douala City in the Littoral Region in April 2009. Its official name is the World Mission Society Church of God in Douala, Cameroon.

==Sanctuary overview==
* Date of Establishment: April 1, 2009
*Location: Douala, Littoral, Cameroon
*Activities: Cleanups, blood drives, etc.

==Features==
Cameroon, situated on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa, has a triangular-shaped territory and is home to a rich diversity of ethnic groups, including the Cameroon Highlanders, Equatorial Bantu, Kirdi, and Fulani.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Cameroon/People People of Cameroon], ''Britannica''</ref> While French and English are the country’s official languages, more than 270 indigenous languages are spoken. [https://douala-city.org/ Douala], a major port city on the western coast, is the largest city in Cameroon and serves as a central hub for commerce and industry.<ref>[https://simplemaps.com/data/cm-cities Cameroon Cities Database,] ''simplemaps''</ref>

Since its establishment, the Church of God in Douala has sought to foster unity in [[God]]’s truth and love among people of diverse cultures and languages. By practicing the [[Teachings of Mother]]—such as love, consideration, humility, and concession—the members strive to help individuals understand and respect one another. They also cherish the [[The Feasts of God|feasts of God]]<ref>[https://watv.org/faith_life/lion-couldnt-stop/ Blessings of the Feasts, Which Even a Lion Couldn’t Stop], ''WATV.org''</ref> and work diligently to share the blessing of salvation. Through these efforts, they have established a branch church in Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon.

The Church of God in Douala actively carries out community-centered volunteer activities to promote social harmony and local development.<ref>[https://www.kgnews.co.kr/news/article.html?no=590568 Church of God Carries Out Volunteer Work Worldwide Amid COVID-19 Hardships], ''The Gyeong-gi Shinmun'', July 5, 2020</ref> In particular, the church practices sharing life through ongoing blood drives. Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, when blood donations declined sharply due to health concerns, members continued to participate while strictly observing preventive measures.<ref>[http://woman.chosun.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=97449 Sharing the Love of the Passover with 7.8 Billion People — World Mission Society Church of God], ''Woman Chosun'', April 26, 2022</ref> In addition, the church organizes regular cleanup campaigns on nearby streets and around Bonamoussadi Secondary School to help create and maintain a clean and healthy environment.<ref>Church of God Actively Extends a Helping Hand of Hope in Africa, ''The Gyeong-gi Domin Ilbo'', April 14, 2021</ref> University student volunteer group [[ASEZ (The Church of God University Student Volunteer Group)|ASEZ]] and young adult workers’ volunteer group [[ASEZ WAO (Church of God Young Adult Worker Volunteer Group)|ASEZ WAO]] also dedicate their free time to environmental protection efforts, including trash collection at locations such as the [https://www.univ-douala.cm/ University of Douala]. Through these activities, they raise awareness of environmental responsibility among students and local residents.<ref>[https://asezwao.org/no-more-gpgp-all-over-africa/ “No More GPGP” Proclaimed All Over Africa], ''ASEZ WAO Official Website'', January 21, 2020</ref> Through consistent service and engagement, the Church of God in Douala serves as a positive role model in the community by promoting the importance of volunteerism and encouraging active citizen participation.
{{앨범
|정렬 = 가운데
|그림1 = {{그림 | 카메룬 두알라 ASEZ WAO-제5786차 지구환경정화운동.jpg | 타이틀 = The 5,786th Worldwide Environmental Cleanup of Ndokobong Street}}
|그림2 = {{그림 | 카메룬두알라_제1014차-헌혈_마께뻬종합병원_20220313.jpg | 타이틀 = The 1,014th Worldwide Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover, held at Makepe General Hospital}}
}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web |url=https://news.watv.org/photo/content.asp?articleid=p20121207228|title=The Church of God in Douala, Cameroon |website=WATV News |publisher= |date= |quote= }}

==See also==
*[[The Church of God in Africa]]

==References==
<references />
{{하나님의 교회 둘러보기}}

{{패밀리 사이트}}
[[Category:Church of God]]
[[Category:Churches Around the World]]

Book of Hebrews

2026-05-08T02:38:28Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:히브리서]]{{성경
|image=[[File:Old Bible.jpg|thumb|center]]
|title=Hebrews
|Abbreviation=Heb
|Class.=New Testament
|Category=General Epistles
|Writer=Traditionally attributed to Paul
|Date (Approx.)=c. AD 65–68
|Chapters=13 Chapters
}}
'''Hebrews''' is the nineteenth book of the [[The New Testament|New Testament]]. It was written for Hebrew believers who had converted from Judaism to Christianity. By explaining how the Law and [[Sacrifices in the Old Testament|sacrificial system]] of the Old Testament were fulfilled in [[Jesus Christ]], the book seeks to awaken and strengthen faith in Him.

==Writer==
The Epistle to the Hebrews does not explicitly identify its writer. However, its frequent references to [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]] passages, laws, and sacrificial practices suggest that the writer was (1) well versed in the [[The Law of Moses|Mosaic Law]], (2) fluent in Greek, as evidenced by extensive use of the [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Septuagint Septuagint], the Greek translation of the Old Testament, (3) deeply knowledgeable in the [[Bible|Scriptures]], and (4) closely associated with the apostles. For these reasons, the Apostle [[Paul]] has often been regarded as a likely writer,<ref>Eusebius Pamphilus, ''[https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.viii.xxxviii.html Ecclesiastical History]'', Greek text with an English translation by Kirsopp Lake (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1926)</ref> although other candidates, such as Barnabas, Apollos, Luke, and Priscilla, have also been proposed.

==Historical Background==
The Epistle to the Hebrews was addressed to Jewish converts to Christianity. As persecution from the Jewish community intensified, some believers returned to their former faith, while others who remained continued to cling to Jewish customs and thus failed to grasp fully the significance of Christ. To awaken proper faith in Christ and to encourage Jewish believers facing hardship, Hebrews was composed in the form of a sermon, making extensive use of quotations from the Old Testament and references to its figures.

==Structure and Content==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- style="color: white; background: #0F4C82"
|Chapter||Content
|- style="background: white"
|1:1–2:18||The Son of God, Superior to Angels
|- style="background: white"
|3:1–4:13||Moses and Jesus
|- style="background: white"
|4:14–10:39|| The Order of Aaron and the Order of Melchizedek: The Old Covenant and the New Covenant
|- style="background: white"
| 11:1–12:29||The History of Faith
|- style="background: white"
|13:1–25||Final Exhortations
|}

===The Son of God, Superior to Angels [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%201%3A1%E2%80%932%3A18&version=NIV (1:1–2:18)]===
Jesus Christ, the [[Son of God]] who came to earth, is the [[The Creator|Creator]] [[God]] of heaven and earth. Although He appeared for a time in human flesh, made lower than the [[Angel|angels]], He did so in order to share fully in humanity, suffer death, and deliver those who were held in bondage by the power of death. Because He Himself experienced temptation and suffering, He is able to help those who are being tempted.

===Moses and Jesus [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%203%3A1%E2%80%934%3A13&version=NIV (3:1–4:13)]===
Just as [[Moses]] was faithful as a servant in God’s house, Jesus was faithful as a Son over God’s household, remaining obedient even to the point of death.

In the time of Moses, the Israelites disobeyed God’s word and were therefore not permitted to enter the Promised Land of Canaan. In the New Testament era, believers who hear the voice of Christ—that is, the [[gospel]]—are warned by Israel’s example and are exhorted to strive, through obedience and faith, to enter the kingdom of heaven.

===The Order of Aaron and the Order of Melchizedek: The Old Covenant and the New Covenant [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%204%3A14%E2%80%9310%3A39&version=NIV (4:14–10:39)]===
Under the old covenant, priests of the Levitical [[Order of Priest|priesthood]], according to the order of Aaron, offered sacrifices using the blood of animals. In contrast, in the New Testament era, Jesus came as the eternal High Priest according to the order of [[Melchizedek]]. Melchizedek, who appeared in the time of Abraham, was unique among priests in offering bread and wine,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+14%3A17-20&version=NIV |title=Genesis 14:17–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> prefiguring the [[Christ]] who was to come. Jesus established the [[New Covenant|new covenant]] through the bread and wine of the [[Passover]], representing His flesh and blood.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A17-28&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:17–28 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A15-20&version=NIV |title=Luke 22:15–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> In this way, He fulfilled the imperfect [[The Old Covenant|old covenant]] with the new, and the priesthood of Aaron was superseded by the [[Priest|priesthood]] of Melchizedek. Since the blood of animals cannot take away sins, forgiveness is granted only through the blood of Christ.

Believers under the new covenant, having received Christ’s perfect sacrifice, are therefore called to hold firmly to the hope of [[Kingdom of Heaven|heaven]] and to persevere in faith until salvation is complete.

===The History of Faith [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%2011%3A1%E2%80%9312%3A29&version=NIV (11:1–12:29)]===
The faithful ancestors—such as [[Abel]], [[Enoch]], [[Noah]], [[Abraham]], [[Sarah (Abraham’s Wife)|Sarah]], [[Isaac]], [[Jacob]], [[Joseph (Son of Jacob)|Joseph]], and [[Moses]]—pleased God through their faith and received His commendation. Some endured ridicule, flogging, persecution, and mistreatment, yet they remained steadfast in faith. God has prepared a heavenly city for them, and He has likewise prepared great blessings for believers today. For this reason, Christians are exhorted to run the race of faith with endurance, striving to live holy and godly lives.

===Final Exhortations [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%2013%3A1%E2%80%9325&version=NIV (13:1–25)]===
Jesus endured the [[Crucifixion|agony of the cross]] and shed His blood to sanctify His people. Believers are called to share in His suffering, to long for the eternal city that is to come, and to practice love and good works.

==References==
<references />

{{성경 둘러보기}}

[[Category:Bible]]
[[Category:New Testament]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]

Fig Tree

2026-05-07T02:24:39Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:무화과나무]][[File:Ficus carica8.jpg|thumb| px |Leaves and fruit of the fig tree]]
The '''fig tree''' (''Ficus carica'') is a deciduous shrub belonging to the mulberry family. It typically grows to a height of 3–5 meters and bears broad, palmate leaves. From spring through summer, flower buds that resemble fruit develop in the leaf axils. These buds contain numerous tiny flowers, but the blossoms remain enclosed and are not visible externally.

In the [[Bible]], the fig tree often symbolizes Israel. [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]] foretold Israel’s judgment through both the cursing of the fig tree and the parable of the barren fig tree. In Matthew 24, the parable of the fig tree is interpreted as referring both to the restoration of Israel as a nation and to the [[Timing of Jesus’ Second Coming|timing of Christ’s second coming]].

==Fig Tree in the Bible==
*'''A staple food of Israel'''
[[File:Figue sec.JPG|thumb|160px |Dried figs]]
Apart from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil and the [[Tree of Life|tree of life]], the fig tree is the first tree mentioned by name in Scripture. After eating the forbidden fruit, [[Adam]] and [[Eve]] became aware of their nakedness and covered themselves with fig leaves.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%203%3A7&version=NIV|title=Genesis 3:7|quote= }}</ref> The fig is also listed among the representative fruits of the Promised Land,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers%2013%3A17-23&version=NIV|title=Numbers 13:17-23|quote= }}</ref> and during their [[Life in the Desert|wilderness journey]] the Israelites complained of lacking figs and other produce.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers%2020%3A5&version=NIV|title=Numbers 20:5|quote= }}</ref>

Because fresh figs spoil quickly, they were often flattened, dried, and stored in compact cakes. The Bible refers to these dried figs as “cakes of pressed figs” or simply “fig cakes.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel%2025%3A18&version=NIV|title=1 Samuel 25:18|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles%2012%3A40&version=NIV|title=1 Chronicles 12:40|quote= }}</ref> Dried figs were a staple food in biblical Israel and were also presented as gifts.<ref>[https://biblehub.com/topical/ttt/t/the_fig-tree--fruit_of_eaten_dried_in_cakes.htm The Fig-Tree: Fruit of Eaten Dried in Cakes], ''Bible Hub''</ref> Rich in nutrients, they helped restore strength to those who had gone without food for extended periods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel%2030%3A11-12&version=NIV|title=1 Samuel 30:11-12|quote= }}</ref> Figs were used not only as food but also for medicinal purposes. The prophet [[Isaiah]], for example, prescribed a poultice of figs to treat King [[Hezekiah]] of [[Southern Kingdom of Judah|Judah]] when he was afflicted with a boil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2020%3A7&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 20:7|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2038%3A21&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 38:21|quote= }}</ref> 

*'''Under the Vine and the Fig Tree''' 
The Bible frequently employs the expression “under one’s own vine and fig tree”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Micah%204%3A4&version=NIV|title=Micah 4:4|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Zechariah%203%3A10&version=NIV|title=Zechariah 3:10|quote= }}</ref> as a symbol of peace and security. During the reign of [[Solomon]], it is recorded that the Israelites “lived in safety, each man under his own vine and fig tree.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%204%3A25&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 4:25|quote= }}</ref> Unlike the era of [[David]], which was marked by continual warfare, Solomon’s reign represented stability and prosperity. Similarly, when the Assyrian commander Rabshakeh demanded Judah’s surrender, he promised that those who submitted would “eat from their own vine and fig tree,”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2018%3A31&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 18:31|quote= }}</ref> using the phrase to signify a life of security and stability under Assyrian rule. 

*'''When There Are No Figs on the Fig Tree''' 
[[File:Brooklyn Museum - Nathaniel Under the Fig Tree (Nathanaël sous le figuier) - James Tissot - overall.jpg |thumb| px |''Nathanael Under the Fig Tree,'' James Tissot: Jesus praised Nathanael as a true Israelite when He saw him under the fig tree.]]
Cultivating a fig tree required years of labor and patience; therefore, the Bible notes that only those who carefully tended the tree could enjoy its fruit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs%2027%3A18&version=NIV|title=Proverbs 27:18|quote= }}</ref> For this reason, the destruction of fig trees was regarded as a great calamity. The prophets [[Jeremiah (Prophet)|Jeremiah]] and [[Hosea]] declared that when God judged sinful Israel, He would strip the vines and fig trees of their fruit and lay them waste.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%208%3A13&version=NIV|title=Jeremiah 8:13|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea%202%3A12&version=NIV|title=Hosea 2:12|quote= }}</ref> 

*'''Nathanael Under the Fig Tree''' 
After encountering Jesus, Philip told Nathanael that the one written about by [[Moses]] in the Law and by the prophets was Jesus of [[Nazareth]]. Nathanael responded skeptically, asking, “Can anything good come out of Nazareth?” When Philip urged him, “Come and see,” Nathanael went to meet Jesus. Upon seeing him, Jesus commended Nathanael as “a true Israelite, in whom there is no deceit.” When Nathanael asked how Jesus knew him, Jesus replied, “Before Philip called you, I saw you under the fig tree.” Hearing this, Nathanael immediately confessed that Jesus was the Son of God and the [[Messiah]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%201%3A45-49&version=NIV|title=John 1:45-49|quote= }}</ref>

==Parable of the Fig Tree==
===Symbol of Israel===
In the Bible, the fig tree also symbolizes Israel. God showed the prophet Jeremiah a vision of two baskets of figs, one containing good figs and the other bad. Those among the people of Judah who were taken into exile in [[Babylon]] (Neo-Babylonia) according to God’s will were likened to the good figs, while those who resisted God’s will by relying on Egypt and opposing Babylon were likened to the bad figs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%2024%3A1-10&version=NIV|title=Jeremiah 24:1-10|quote= }}</ref> In this way, the people of Israel were represented symbolically by figs.

God declared that the exiles symbolized by the good figs would be delivered and restored to the land of their ancestors, whereas those represented by the bad figs would suffer disaster and disgrace and become objects of ridicule and cursing. As foretold, those carried off to Babylon eventually returned to [[Jerusalem]] at the appointed time, while those who rebelled against Babylon were destroyed.

[[File:Brooklyn Museum - The Accursed Fig Tree (Le figuier maudit) - James Tissot.jpg|thumb| px |''The Accursed Fig Tree,'' James Tissot: Jesus revealed Israel’s coming judgment through the incident of the cursing of the fig tree.]]
===Cursing of the Fig Tree===
Both the [[The Gospel of Matthew|Gospel of Matthew]] and the [[Gospel of Mark]] record the incident of Jesus cursing a barren fig tree. When He was hungry and approached a fig tree, He found nothing but leaves.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2021%3A18-19&version=NIV|title=Matthew 21:18-19|quote= }}</ref> Jesus cursed the fruitless tree, and it withered from the roots. 
{{quote5|내용=The next day as they were leaving Bethany, Jesus was hungry. Seeing in the distance a fig tree in leaf, he went to find out if it had any fruit. When he reached it, '''he found nothing but leaves, because it was not the season for figs.''' Then he said to the tree, '''“May no one ever eat fruit from you again.”''' And his disciples heard him say it. . . . In the morning, as they went along, they saw the fig tree withered from the roots. Peter remembered and said to Jesus, “Rabbi, look! '''The fig tree you cursed has withered!'''”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+11%3A12-21&version=NIV Mark 11:12–21]}}

This event took place the day after Jesus entered [[Jerusalem]] riding on a colt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%2011%3A1-11&version=NIV|title=Mark 11:1-11|quote= }}</ref> The [[Passover]] was near, and it was not yet the season for figs. By cursing the barren fig tree, Jesus symbolically revealed the fate of Israel. The fruit He sought represented those who possessed genuine faith and would follow Him and His [[gospel]]. The withered fig tree thus illustrated the judgment and destruction awaiting Israel for rejecting the gospel.

===Parable of the Barren Fig Tree===
In the [[Gospel of Luke]], Jesus tells the parable of the barren fig tree. A man planted a fig tree in his vineyard and, for three years, looked for fruit on it but found none. He then instructed the vinedresser to cut it down. The vinedresser, however, asked the master to leave it for one more year, promising to dig around it and fertilize it. If it still bore no fruit after that, it would be cut down.

{{quote5|내용=Then he told this parable: “A man had a fig tree growing in his vineyard, and he went to look for fruit on it but did not find any. So he said to the man who took care of the vineyard, ‘'''For three years now I’ve been coming to look for fruit on this fig tree and haven’t found any. Cut it down!''' Why should it use up the soil?’ ‘Sir,’ the man replied, ‘leave it alone for one more year, and I’ll dig around it and fertilize it. If it bears fruit next year, fine! If not, then cut it down.’ ”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+13%3A6-9&version=NIV Luke 13:6–9]}}

The man seeking fruit for three years represents Jesus, who preached the gospel in Israel for three years, yet the Jewish people did not accept Him. After His [[The Ascension of Jesus|ascension]], the apostles and early Christians continued to proclaim the gospel, but the Jews persisted in rejecting it. Ultimately, in AD 70, Israel was destroyed by the Roman Empire.

===Israel’s Independence===
In the Gospel of Matthew, when the disciples asked about the signs of Christ’s coming, Jesus responded with the parable of the fig tree.
[[File:Declaration of State of Israel 1948 1.jpg|thumb|px|David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s first Prime Minister, declares Israel’s independence in Tel Aviv, May 14, 1948.]]
{{quote5|내용=As Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately. “Tell us,” they said, “when will this happen, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?” . . . “Then will appear the sign of the Son of Man in heaven. And then all the peoples of the earth will mourn when they see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven, with power and great glory. And he will send his angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other. '''Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its twigs get tender and its leaves come out, you know that summer is near.''' Even so, when you see all these things, '''you know that it is near, right at the door.'''”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24%3A3-33&version=NIV Matthew 24:3–33]}}

Just as a fig tree that appears lifeless in winter becomes tender and puts forth leaves as summer approaches, Israel has followed a similar pattern in history. After being destroyed in AD 70, Israel regained its sovereignty and declared independence in 1948, nearly 1,900 years later. The rebirth of a nation after such an extended period is unprecedented in human history. This extraordinary event is the fulfillment of biblical prophecy and an indication of the [[Timing of Jesus’ Second Coming|time of Jesus’ second coming]].

According to this prophecy, the work of gathering God’s people begins with Israel’s independence in 1948. In that same year, [[Ahnsahnghong]] was [[Baptism|baptized]] at the age of thirty and began His gospel ministry, restoring the long-lost truths of the Bible. Thus, He is the [[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)|Second Coming Christ]] who appeared in fulfillment of the prophecy of the fig tree.
{{참고|Timing of Jesus’ Second Coming|설명=}}

==See also==
*[[Olive Trees]]
*[[Vine]]
*[[Timing of Jesus’ Second Coming]]

==Related videos==
*'''When Will He Appear'''
<youtube>kNGXsvfBVNs</youtube>
*'''Sermon: The Parable of the Fig Tree & Christ Ahnsahnghong'''
<youtube>yd29cTSy9mc</youtube>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]

English Bible Translations

2026-05-06T02:30:59Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:영어 성경 번역본]][[file:WycliffeYeamesLollards 01.jpg |thumb| px |''Wyclif Giving “The Poor Priests” His Translation of the Bible'', William Frederick Yeames]]
'''English Bible translations''' are renderings of the original [[Bible|Scriptures]]—written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek—into the English language. Since the fourteenth century, when John Wycliffe, a forerunner of the Reformation, produced the first complete English Bible, numerous translations have appeared alongside the historical division of the [[church]] into Catholic and Protestant traditions. English Bible versions have exerted a profound influence not only on Christian faith but also on the spread of the English language and the development of English literature. Among them are the King James Version (KJV), most widely known; the New International Version (NIV), translated into modern international English; and the Today’s English Version (TEV), written in simplified English.
==History of English Bible Translation==
In medieval Europe, under the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, the Latin [https://www.biblegateway.com/versions/Biblia-Sacra-Vulgata-VULGATE/ Vulgate] was the principal Bible in use. Before Wycliffe in the fourteenth century, only partial English translations existed. One example is the seventh-century Christian poet Caedmon, who paraphrased portions of [[Genesis]] and [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]] into verse.<ref>[https://earlyenglishbibles.com/earlyversions/beginnings1.html The Beginnings of an English Bible], ''Early English Bibles''</ref> As a result, ordinary believers had little access to [[Bible|Scripture]], and only certain clergy and members of the elite were able to read it.<ref>Grosbøl, Annette, and Johannes Saltzwedel, eds. Die Bibel: Eine Menschheitsgeschichte, ''Munich: DVA'', 2017</ref>
===The Wycliffe’s Bible (1382)===
[[File:Wycliffe's Bible.jpg|thumb| px |The Wycliffe’s Bible, British Museum]]
The Wycliffe’s Bible was the first complete translation of the Bible into English. It was produced by the English reformer John Wycliffe (1330–1384), who emphasized faith and practice centered on Scripture and believed that everyone should be able to read and understand the Bible freely.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Wycliffe/Translation-of-the-Bible Translation of the Bible of John Wycliffe,] ''Britannica''</ref> Together with associates such as John Purvey, Wycliffe translated the Latin Vulgate literally, publishing the English New Testament in 1380 and the complete Old and New Testaments in 1382. These translations circulated in manuscript form.<ref>[https://bibleversion.org/bible/versions/early-english/the-first-english-bible/ The First English Bible], ''BibleVersion.org'' </ref>
===The Tyndale Bible===
[[file:Portrait of William Tyndale, and title page, on later paper (NYPL b12455533-426715).tif |thumb| px |The Tyndale Bible, image courtesy of The New York Public Library Digital Collections]]
The Tyndale Bible was an English translation of the Scriptures by the reformer [https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Tyndale William Tyndale] (c. 1494–1536). Drawing directly from the Hebrew and Greek texts, Tyndale published the New Testament in 1525, producing the first printed English Bible. At the time, translating the Bible into a language other than Latin could result in exile or execution by burning.<ref>[https://anglicancompass.com/william-tyndale-a-translator-tested-by-fire/ William Tyndale: A Translator Tested By Fire], ''Anglican Compass''</ref> Despite persecution, Tyndale continued translating the Old Testament but was eventually condemned as a [[Heresy|heretic]] and executed by burning. His work later served as the foundation for the King James Version (KJV) and the English Revised Version (ERV), exerting lasting influence on the English Bible.
===The Great Bible (1539)===
[[file:Great Bible title cover.jpg |thumb| px |Title page of the Great Bible, published in 1539]]
After Tyndale, political and religious circumstances changed dramatically when Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church and became head of the Church of England. Bible translation and publication flourished during this period.<ref>[https://www.historyextra.com/period/general-history/britains-greatest-monarch-best-king-queen-british-history/ Who is Britain's greatest monarch?,] ''HistoryExtra'', February 7, 2022</ref> Miles Coverdale, John Rogers (editor of the Matthew Bible), and Richard Taverner produced new versions, including the '''Coverdale Bible''' '''(1535)''', translated from the Latin Vulgate and [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther Martin Luther]’s German Bible; the '''Matthew Bible''' '''(1537)''', a revision of Tyndale’s and Coverdale’s work; and the '''Taverner Bible''' '''(1539)''', a further revision of the Matthew Bible. The '''Great Bible''' '''(1539)''', also a revision of the Matthew Bible, was published under the direction of Thomas Cromwell, Henry VIII’s chief minister, and Archbishop Thomas Cranmer. Its large folio format (25.9 × 37.8 cm) earned it the name “Great Bible.”<ref>[https://earlyenglishbibles.com/earlyversions/GreatSumm5a.html Great Bible], ''Early English Bibles''</ref> Copies were placed in churches and monasteries throughout England.

===The Geneva Bible (1560)===
[[file:Geneva-bible-picture.jpg |thumb| px |The Geneva Bible, 1581 edition, photo by Liam Quin]]
The Geneva Bible was first published in 1560 by English Protestants who had fled to Geneva to escape persecution under Mary I. Scholars proficient in Hebrew and Greek translated the text directly from the original languages. It was about half the size of the Great Bible, making it easy to carry, and was printed in a clear, readable typeface. Most notably, it was the first English Bible to include chapters and verses throughout the text. Later dedicated to Elizabeth I and printed in England in 1575, the Geneva Bible became especially popular among the Puritans and served as the principal Protestant Bible of the sixteenth century.
===The Bishops’ Bible (1568)===
The Bishops’ Bible was published in 1568 under the direction of Archbishop Matthew Parker of the Church of England. As the Geneva Bible, with its strong Calvinist influence, gained popularity among the general public, the Bishops’ Bible was produced as a countermeasure, drawing primarily on the Great Bible. Because most of its translators were bishops of the Church of England, it came to be known as the Bishops’ Bible. The translation was highly literal and somewhat stiff in style.
===The King James Version (KJV, 1611)===
[[file:KingJamesBible1612-1613.jpg |thumb| px |Title page and dedication of the King James Bible, 1613 edition]]
The [https://www.biblegateway.com/versions/King-James-Version-KJV-Bible/ King James Version] was published in 1611 at the command of King James I of England<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/King-James-Version King James Version], ''Britannica''</ref> and is also known as the [https://www.biblegateway.com/versions/Authorized-King-James-Version-AKJV-Bible/ Authorized Version] (AV).

At the time, the Church of England primarily used the Bishops’ Bible, while the Puritans favored the Geneva Bible. In an effort to resolve this division and establish a unified English Bible, King James I commissioned a new translation. Beginning in 1607, more than fifty clergy and scholars worked for over four years on the project. They translated anew from the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures, using the Bishops’ Bible as the base text, while also consulting earlier English translations such as the Tyndale Bible, the Matthew Bible, the Coverdale Bible, the Great Bible, and the Geneva Bible, as well as Martin Luther’s German Bible. As a result, the new version brought together the strengths of its predecessors in both content and style.

The King James Version, characterized by its concise and elegant language, was warmly received by the public and soon became the standard Bible not only in England but also in America. Its influence on the development and spread of the English language has often been compared to that of Shakespeare’s works.<ref>Dr. Philip Jenkins, [https://magazine.web.baylor.edu/news/story/2011/how-king-james-bible-changed-world How the King James Bible changed the world], ''Baylor University'', June 21, 2011</ref><ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/religion/bible The Bible,] ''HISTORY'', April 23, 2019</ref>

===English Revised Version (ERV, 1885)===
Although the King James Version (KJV) achieved remarkable literary distinction, its use of archaic language made revision necessary.<ref>[http://news.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110320000266&md=20120422213404_BL For some Christians, King James is the only Bible], ''The Korea Herald'', March 20, 2011</ref> In 1885, the English Revised Version (ERV) was published in Britain as a stylistic revision of the KJV.

===American Standard Version (ASV, 1901)===
The American Standard Version (ASV) was published in 1901 as an American adaptation of the English Revised Version (ERV).<ref>TO THE READER, ''The Bible, New Revised Standard Version'', National Council of the Churches of Christ, 2003, pg. 7</ref> It replaced many British expressions with American usage and translated the Hebrew divine name יהוה (YHWH) as “''[[Jehovah]]'',” rather than using the traditional renderings “LORD” or “[[God]]” found in the King James Version.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+3%3A15&version=NIV Exodus 3:15]</ref><ref>[https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/3-15.htm Exodus 3:15], ''Bible Hub''</ref><ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+3&version=KJV Exodus 3:15], ''KJV''</ref><ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%203%3A15&version=ASV Exodus 3:15], ''ASV''</ref>
===Revised Standard Version (RSV, 1952)===
As older biblical manuscripts continued to be discovered, including the [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dead-Sea-Scrolls Dead Sea Scrolls],<ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/who-wrote-the-dead-sea-scrolls Who wrote the Dead Sea scrolls? Science may have the answer], ''National Geographic'', August 2, 2022</ref> efforts to revise and retranslate the Bible into English progressed further. In 1952, the Revised Standard Version (RSV) was published as a revision of the ASV. Intended for use in both [[worship]] and study, it was rendered in modern English. Some editions included, in addition to the thirty-nine books of the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]] and the twenty-seven books of the [[The New Testament|New Testament]], the [[Apocrypha]] accepted by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.<ref>TO THE READER, The Bible, New Revised Standard Version, ''National Council of the Churches of Christ'', 2003, pg. 8</ref>
=== The Living Bible (LB, 1971)===
The Living Bible (LB) is a paraphrase of the Scriptures in modern English, produced by Kenneth N. Taylor of the United States and based on the American Standard Version (ASV). First published in 1971, it achieved significant commercial success and became widely read as an “easy-to-understand” Bible.
===New American Standard Bible (NASB, 1971)===
The New American Standard Bible (NASB), first published in 1971, was produced by American [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Evangelical-church-Protestantism evangelical scholars]. It is a highly literal translation that seeks to remain faithful to the original texts, drawing on the most up-to-date manuscripts and scholarly resources. The NASB has been especially popular among conservative denominations in the United States.
===Today’s English Version / Good News Translation (TEV/GNT, 1976)===
The Today’s English Version (TEV) was published in 1976 by the American Bible Society and was renamed the Good News Translation (GNT) in 2001. Written in simple, everyday English, it includes illustrations to aid comprehension.<ref>[https://www.christiancentury.org/article/features/bible-translation-everyone A Bible translation for everyone?,] ''The Christian Century'', December 13, 2016</ref> The TEV has been regarded as especially suitable for readers for whom English is a second language, as well as for children.

===New International Version (NIV, 1978)===
The New International Version (NIV) was published in 1978 by Zondervan. Its guiding principle was to produce a translation that is easy to read while avoiding excessive paraphrase, rendering the biblical text with both accuracy<ref>[https://www.biblica.com/niv-bible/ About the NIV Bible Translation,] ''Biblica''</ref> and dignity of style. Written in widely accessible modern English, the NIV has been regarded as suitable for personal study, preaching, and memorization.
===New King James Version (NKJV, 1979)===
The New King James Version (NKJV), published in 1979, is one of several revisions of the King James Version (KJV). Its purpose was to update the vocabulary and grammar of the KJV for contemporary use while preserving the beauty and majesty of the original text.<ref>[https://www.thomasnelsonbibles.com/nkjv/ New King James Version,] ''Thomas Nelson Bibles''</ref>
===Revised English Bible (REB, 1989)===
The Revised English Bible (REB) is a revision of the [https://www.cambridge.org/bibles/bible-versions/new-english-bible New English Bible] (NEB), which was published in 1970 in British English under the direction of the Church of Scotland. Published in 1989, the REB has since been widely used in Protestant churches throughout the United Kingdom.

===New Revised Standard Version (NRSV, 1989)===
The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), published in 1989, is the standard English translation used in many English-speaking seminaries. It is widely regarded as one of the most theologically reliable Bible translations. The NRSV is a revision of the Revised Standard Version (RSV), rendered in contemporary English and informed by advances in textual scholarship. It follows a largely [https://translationsandinterpretations.com.au/blog/what-are-the-different-types-of-translation/ literal, word-for-word approach] and is generally considered more conservative in style than the RSV.

===New Living Translation (NLT, 1996)===
The New Living Translation (NLT) was produced as a new translation based on a thorough comparison of the Living Bible (LB) with the original biblical texts. First published in 1996, it was designed to make Scripture easily readable and understandable for lay readers, emphasizing accuracy of meaning while employing familiar modern English.

===English Standard Version (ESV, 2001)===
The English Standard Version (ESV) is a modern English Bible translated on an essentially literal, word-for-word basis. It aims to render each word and expression clearly without sacrificing literary quality.<ref>[https://www.esv.org/preface/ Preface to the English Standard Version,] ''ESV.org''</ref> Since its publication in 2001, it has become one of the most widely used English translations worldwide.

==Other English Bible Versions==
Several English Bible translations have been produced within the Roman Catholic tradition. These include the Douay-Rheims Version (1610),<ref>[https://originaldouayrheims.com/ Original Douay Rheims Bible (1582 & 1610)], ''Original Douay Rheims Bible''</ref> the Douay-Rheims Challoner Revision (1750), the Jerusalem Bible (JB, 1966), and the New American Bible (NAB, 1970).

The New World Translation (NWT) was published in 1961 by Jehovah’s Witnesses as their own version of the Bible. It reflects certain doctrinal distinctives, such as rendering “God” and “Lord” in parts of the New Testament as “Jehovah,”<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Thessalonians%205%3A1-2&version=NIV 1 Thessalonians 5:1-2], ''NIV''</ref><ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/nwt/books/1-thessalonians/5/ 1 Thessalonians 5:1-2], ''NWT''</ref> and translating “[[cross]]” as “torture stake.”<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%2019%3A17&version=NIV John 19:17], ''NIV''</ref><ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/nwt/books/john/19/ John 19:17], ''NWT''</ref>

==See also==
*[[Bible]]
*[[The Original Languages of the Bible]]
*[[The Writers of the Bible]]
*[[Composition of the Bible]]
*[[Authority and Preservation of the Bible]]
*[[The Old Testament]]
*[[The New Testament]]

==Reference==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]

Hosea

2026-05-04T05:27:55Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:호세아]]{{성경
|image=[[File:Old Bible.jpg|thumb|center]]
|title=Hosea
|Abbreviation=Hos
|Class.=Old Testament
|Category=Minor Prophets
|Writer=Hosea
|Date (Approx.)=c. 750 BC
|Location=Northern Kingdom of Israel
|Chapters=14 Chapters
}}
'''Hosea''' is the 28th book of the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]], written by the prophet Hosea. It is the first of the Twelve Minor Prophets. The book highlights [[God]]’s boundless love for the rebellious people of Israel and issues an earnest call for them to repent and return to Him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+14%3A1-3&version=NIV |title=Hosea 14:1–3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==Writer==
The writer is the prophet Hosea,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+1%3A1&version=NIV |title=Hosea 1:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> son of Beeri. He carried out his ministry during the reign of [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jeroboam-II Jeroboam II] over the Northern Kingdom of Israel. His prophetic activity began somewhat later than that of Amos but slightly earlier than that of Isaiah. Through his marriage to Gomer, a woman of immoral conduct, Hosea came to understand the relationship between God and Israel, proclaiming that the nation must turn from idolatry and restore its relationship with God.

==Historical Background==
During the reign of Jeroboam II, the Northern Kingdom of Israel experienced notable political and economic prosperity. However, as the nation flourished, social and moral corruption intensified.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+4%3A2&version=NIV |title=Hosea 4:2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+6%3A8-10&version=NIV |title=Hosea 6:8–10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+7%3A1&version=NIV |title=Hosea 7:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The [[Priest|priests]] disregarded the [[The Law of God|Law of God]] and indulged in [[Idol|idolatry]]. As a result, the people as a whole turned to idols, forsaking God and committing sin against Him.

==Structure and Content==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width: 720px;"
|-style="color: white; background: #0F4C82"
| Chapters|| Content
|-style="background: white"
| [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea%201-3&version=NIV Chapters 1-3]|| Hosea’s Love for Gomer (Unfaithfulness of an Adulterous Wife)
|-style="background: white"
| [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea%204-14&version=NIV Chapters 4-14]|| God’s Love for Israel (Spiritual Unfaithfulness of an Adulterous People)
|}

God commanded Hosea to take Gomer, an adulterous woman, as his wife and to have children with her. Their children were given the names Jezreel, Lo-Ruhamah (“Not Pitied”), and Lo-Ammi (“Not My People”).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+1%3A4&version=NIV |title=Hosea 1:4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+1%3A6&version=NIV |title=Hosea 1:6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+1%3A9&version=NIV |title=Hosea 1:9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> These names signified that Israel, having forsaken God and fallen into idolatry, would no longer receive His compassion nor be acknowledged as His people. Yet God also promised that when a leader arose and the people returned to Him, they would be called Ruhamah (“Pitied”) and Ammi (“My People”),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+2%3A1&version=NIV |title=Hosea 2:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> indicating that through repentance they would again receive mercy and be restored as His people.

When Gomer was unfaithful, God instructed Hosea to forgive her and take her back as his wife. Hosea’s steadfast love for Gomer thus reflects God’s unfailing love for rebellious Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+3%3A1-5&version=NIV |title=Hosea 3:1–5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==References==
<references />

{{성경 둘러보기}}

[[Category:Bible]]
[[Category:Old Testament]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]

Vine

2026-04-29T02:00:24Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:포도나무]][[File:PikiWiki Israel 37077 Nature and Colors.JPG|thumb| px |Grape cultivation in Israel]]
The '''vine''' is a perennial deciduous climbing plant of the grape family. It thrives in hot, dry climates and mountainous terrain, and has been cultivated in Israel since ancient times. Grapes are one of the seven principal agricultural products of Israel,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy%208%3A8&version=NIV|title=Deuteronomy 8:8|quote= }}</ref> and wine was an important beverage for the Israelites, especially in times when water was scarce.

In the [[Bible]], the vine is frequently used as a symbol of happiness, prosperity, and of Israel as [[God]]’s chosen people. Jesus described Himself as the “true vine” and His followers as the branches, teaching that those who remain in Him will bear much fruit, but apart from Him they can do nothing; like severed branches, they will be cast away and burned.

==Grape Cultivation in Israel==
[[File:Syna Acco - Mosaic of the Land of grapes -Below coins. (cropped).JPG|thumb| px |Synagogue mosaic at Acre, Israel, depicting the episode in which the spies cut a cluster of grapes and carried it back on a pole.]]
*'''Grape Cultivation'''
Israel’s hot, arid summers with little rainfall provided ideal conditions for grape cultivation. The earliest biblical reference to viticulture is the account of [[Noah]], who planted a vineyard after the flood.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%209%3A20&version=NIV|title=Genesis 9:20|quote= }}</ref> Later, when the Israelites, after the [[The Exodus|Exodus]], sent spies into Canaan, they returned from the Valley of Eshcol carrying a single cluster of grapes on a pole between two men,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers%2013%3A23&version=NIV|title=Numbers 13:23|quote= }}</ref> evidence of the land’s fertility and of Israel’s long tradition of vine cultivation.

The prophet [[Isaiah]] described the process of vineyard-making.<ref name="포도원">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%205%3A1-2&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 5:1-2|quote= }}</ref> Because Israel had little flat terrain and was largely mountainous, hillsides were cut into terraces for planting vines. The soil was cleared of stones, and the fields were enclosed with stone walls or wooden fences to protect against wild animals and thieves.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Songs%202%3A15&version=NIV|title=Song of Songs 2:15|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms%2080%3A8-14&version=NIV|title=Psalms 80:8-14|quote= }}</ref> Within the vineyard, farmers built huts or stone towers to serve as watchposts,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%201%3A8&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 1:8|quote= }}</ref> where the owner or workers resided during harvest to guard the crop.<ref>[https://graceandpeacejoanne.com/2022/05/04/isaiah-5-gods-vineyard/ Isaiah 5: God’s Vineyard], ''Grace and Peace, Joanne'', May 4, 2022</ref>

Harvested grapes were eaten fresh, boiled into jam, or dried in the sun to make raisins. Raisins were a valuable food source during winter, a restorative for the hungry,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel%2030%3A12&version=NIV|title=1 Samuel 30:12|quote= }}</ref> and served as provisions for travelers and armies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel%2025%3A18&version=NIV|title=1 Samuel 25:18|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles%2012%3A40&version=NIV|title=1 Chronicles 12:40|quote= }}</ref> 
*'''Winemaking'''
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 70766 in the winepress garden in rishon lezion.jpg|thumb| px |''Remains of an ancient winepress at Rishon LeZion, Israel'']]
Most harvested grapes were used to make wine. After being washed, the grapes were placed in rock-hewn winepresses, where workers trod them while singing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2016%3A10&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 16:10|quote= }}</ref> The juice flowed through carved channels into a basin, was strained through clean cloth, and then stored in jars or wineskins to ferment. For the Israelites, wine was an essential beverage, especially at the end of the dry season when stored water supplies diminished, providing both refreshment and nutrients such as iron and minerals. Wine was also mixed with barley to produce vinegar or with myrrh to create an anesthetic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%2015%3A23&version=NIV|title=Mark 15:23|quote= }}</ref> It was likewise used as a remedy for wounds and illnesses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Timothy%205%3A23&version=NIV|title=1 Timothy 5:23|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%2010%3A30-34&version=NIV|title=Luke 10:30-34|quote= }}</ref>

Wine played an important role in religious and social life, being used in [[Sabbath]] meals, major feasts, and weddings. At a wedding in Cana of [[Galilee]], when the wine ran out, [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]] performed the [[Miracles of Jesus|miracle]] of turning water into wine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%202%3A1-11&version=NIV|title=John 2:1-11|quote= }}</ref>

==Wine in the Mosaic Law==
[[file:Merian Aaron's Sons, Nadab and Abihu, Destroyed by Fire.jpg |thumb|200x180px|''Aaron’s Sons, Nadab and Abihu, Destroyed by Fire,'' Matthäus Merian: After the death of Nadab and Abihu, God commanded that priests were not to drink wine when entering the Tent of Meeting.]]
*'''Regulations for Priests and Nazirites'''
After the death of Nadab and Abihu, sons of [[Aaron]], who offered unauthorized fire before the LORD and were consumed, God commanded Aaron that priests must not drink wine or strong drink when entering the Tent of Meeting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus%2010%3A1-9&version=NIV|title=Leviticus 10:1-9|quote= }}</ref> From that time, [[Priest|priests]] were forbidden to drink wine before performing [[temple]] service. The prophet [[Ezekiel]] likewise recorded that priests were not to drink wine when entering the inner court of the temple.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2044%3A21&version=NIV|title=Ezekiel 44:21|quote= }}</ref>

[[Nazirite|Nazirites]] were subject to stricter regulations. A Nazirite was one who vowed to set himself apart in dedication to God. Nazirites were required to abstain from wine and strong drink and were forbidden to consume grapes in any form, including fresh grapes, raisins, seeds, or skins.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers%206%3A2-4&version=NIV|title=Numbers 6:2-4|quote= }}</ref> 
* '''Laws Concerning Vineyards'''
The [[The Law of Moses|Mosaic Law]] also included statutes concerning vineyards. A man who had planted a vineyard but had not yet harvested from it was exempted from military service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy%2020%3A6&version=NIV|title=Deuteronomy 20:6|quote= }}</ref> Vineyards were to be kept free of mixed crops,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy%2022%3A9&version=NIV|title=Deuteronomy 22:9|quote= }}</ref> and gleanings—grapes missed during harvesting or fallen to the ground—were to be left for foreigners, orphans, and widows.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy%2024%3A21&version=NIV|title=Deuteronomy 24:21|quote= }}</ref> Like other fields, vineyards were to lie fallow in the sabbatical year after six years of cultivation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus%2025%3A3-5&version=NIV|title=Leviticus 25:3-5|quote= }}</ref>

==Metaphor and Symbolism==
===Vine in the Old Testament===
'''Peace and Prosperity''' 
*Judah and Israel . . . lived in safety, each man under his own vine and fig tree. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2004&version=NIV 1 Kings 4:25]). 
The expression, “under their own vine and [[Fig Tree|fig tree]],” appears several times in the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Micah%204%3A4&version=NIV|title=Micah 4:4|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Zechariah%203%3A10&version=NIV|title=Zechariah 3:10|quote= }}</ref> For the Israelites, cultivating their own vineyard and resting beneath the vine without fear of thieves or war symbolized happiness. Accordingly, during [[Solomon]]’s peaceful and prosperous reign, the people lived securely under their vines and fig trees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%204%3A25&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 4:25|quote= }}</ref> The [[Book of Psalms|psalm]]<nowiki/>ist also described the happiness of those who fear God, likening their wives to fruitful vines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms%20128%3A3-4&version=NIV|title=Psalms 128:3-4|quote= }}</ref> 
'''People of Israel''' 
*You brought a vine from Egypt; you drove out the nations and planted it. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms%2080&version=NIV Psalm 80:8]) 
The Bible frequently uses the imagery of a vineyard or vine to symbolize Israel, God’s chosen people.<ref name="포도원2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%205%3A7&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 5:7|quote= }}</ref> The psalmist portrays the [[The Exodus|Exodus]] and Israel’s settlement in Canaan as God bringing a vine out of Egypt and planting it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms%2080%3A8-11&version=NIV|title=Psalms 80:8-11|quote= }}</ref> The prophet Isaiah described God’s care for His people as that of a vinedresser who waters and guards His vineyard day and night.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2027%3A2-3&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 27:2-3|quote= }}</ref> Conversely, leaders of Israel who failed to guide the people rightly and brought them to ruin are depicted as having plundered and destroyed the vineyard.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%203%3A14-15&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 3:14-15|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%2012%3A10&version=NIV|title=Jeremiah 12:10|quote= }}</ref> 
*Then he looked for a crop of good grapes, but it yielded only bad fruit. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2005&version=NIV Isaiah 5:2]) 
The Bible also employed the vine as a metaphor in reproving the sins of the Israelites who betrayed God and fell into [[Idol|idolatry]]. The prophet [[Hosea]] noted that although God had regarded the people of Israel with joy, as one who finds grapes in the wilderness and had bestowed blessings upon them, they abandoned Him and turned to idols.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea%209%3A10&version=NIV|title=Hosea 9:10|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea%2010%3A1-2&version=NIV|title=Hosea 10:1-2|quote= }}</ref> Concerning the idolatrous Israelites, the Bible declares: “He looked for a crop of good grapes, but it yielded only bad fruit,” and “I had planted you like a choice vine of sound and reliable stock. How then did you turn against me into a corrupt, wild vine?”<ref name="포도원" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%202%3A21&version=NIV|title=Jeremiah 2:21|quote= }}</ref> 
*“As I have given the wood of the vine among the trees of the forest as fuel for the fire, so will I treat the people living in Jerusalem.” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2015&version=NIV Ezekiel 15:6]). 
God warned of judgment against Israel when they failed to bear good fruit and fell into sin. The prophet [[Ezekiel]] likened the inhabitants of [[Jerusalem]] to vine branches that are worthless except to be burned.<ref name="포도나무">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2015%3A2-6&version=NIV|title=Ezekiel 15:2-6|quote= }}</ref> [[Jeremiah (Prophet)|Jeremiah]] and Isaiah also used the image of trampling the winepress to describe God’s judgment on the nations in the last days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%2025%3A30-31&version=NIV|title=Jeremiah 25:30-31|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2063%3A3&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 63:3|quote= }}</ref>

===Parables of Jesus===
*'''Parable of the True Vine'''
During His discourse with the disciples at the celebration of the [[The New Covenant Passover|New Covenant Passover]], Jesus described Himself as the true vine, God as the gardener, and His disciples who kept the Passover as the branches:

{{quote5|내용=“I am the true vine, and my Father is the gardener. He cuts off every branch in me that bears no fruit, while every branch that does bear fruit he prunes so that it will be even more fruitful. You are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you. Remain in me, and I will remain in you. No branch can bear fruit by itself; it must remain in the vine. Neither can you bear fruit unless you remain in me. I am the vine; you are the branches. If a man remains in me and I in him, he will bear much fruit; apart from me you can do nothing. If anyone does not remain in me, he is like a branch that is thrown away and withers; such branches are picked up, thrown into the fire and burned.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+15%3A1-6&version=NIV John 15:1–6]}}

This [[Parables of Jesus|parable of Jesus]] evokes the image of a gardener cultivating a vineyard. A vine must be pruned each year in order to bear good fruit. Just as a farmer prunes the branches to obtain quality grapes, so God purifies His people so that they may bear more fruit. Jesus taught that those who abide in Him will bear much fruit. Those who keep the [[New Covenant]] Passover, eating His flesh and drinking His blood, remain in Him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%206%3A56&version=NIV|title=John 6:56|quote= }}</ref> As branches attached to the vine receive nourishment from it and yield an abundance of grapes, so believers, by abiding in Christ, receive His grace and bear abundant spiritual fruit. Conversely, those who turn away from Christ are like branches severed from the vine. A branch cut off from the vine not only fails to bear fruit but is also destined to be thrown into the fire as fuel.<ref name="포도나무" /> Likewise, those who turn away from Christ can do nothing and cannot receive salvation.

*'''Parable of the Wicked Tenants'''
The [[The Gospel of Matthew|Gospels of Matthew]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], and [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] record this parable. A landowner planted a vineyard, rented it to farmers, and went on a journey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2021%3A33-46&version=NIV|title=Matthew 21:33-46|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%2012%3A1-12&version=NIV|title=Mark 12:1-12|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%2020%3A9-18&version=NIV|title=Luke 20:9-18|quote= }}</ref> When he sent servants to collect his share of the fruit, the tenants beat or killed them. Finally, he sent his son, but they killed him as well. The owner then destroyed the tenants and entrusted the vineyard to others.

In this parable, the vineyard represents Israel,<ref name="포도원2" /> and the owner represents God. The chief priests and [[The Pharisees|Pharisees]] recognized that Jesus was speaking about them, and they sought to arrest Him. God had entrusted Israel to its religious leaders, yet they failed to render fruit to Him and ultimately led Jesus to death. Through this parable, Jesus warned them of impending judgment.

[[File:The Meeting of Abraham and Melchizedek - cartone.jpg|thumb|200px |''The Meeting of Abraham and Melchizedek'', Pieter Pauwel Rubens, 1625: The priest of God Most High, Melchizedek, blesses Abraham through bread and wine.]]

===Symbols of Melchizedek===
In the Old Testament, [[Melchizedek]], king of Salem and priest of God, blessed [[Abraham]] through bread and wine after his victory in battle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2014%3A17-20&version=NIV|title=Genesis 14:17-20|quote= }}</ref> Unlike other priests who offered [[Sacrifices in the Old Testament|sacrifices]] with the blood of animals, Melchizedek used bread and wine as a sign of blessing.

Two thousand years ago, Jesus came to this earth and, on the [[Passover]], granted the blessings of the forgiveness of sins and eternal life through the bread and wine, the symbols of Melchizedek.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2026%3A19-28&version=NIV|title=Matthew 26:19-28|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%206%3A54&version=NIV|title=John 6:54|quote= }}</ref> The bread and wine of the New Covenant Passover attest that Jesus is the High Priest in the order of Melchizedek.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%205%3A8-10&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 5:8-10|quote= }}</ref>

The New Covenant Passover established by Jesus was later abolished at the [[Council of Nicaea]] in AD 325. In this age, the Passover of the new covenant has been restored by [[Ahnsahnghong|Christ Ahnsahnghong]]. The bread and wine of the New Covenant Passover are the signs that testify that Christ Ahnsahnghong is the High Priest in the order of Melchizedek and the [[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)|Second Coming Christ]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2025%3A6-9&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 25:6-9|quote= }}</ref>
{{참고|Melchizedek|설명=}}

==See also==
*[[Fig Tree]]
*[[Olive Trees]]
*[[Passover]]
*[[Melchizedek]]

==Related videos==
*'''Sermon: Apart From Me You Can Do Nothing'''
<youtube>qzBPWxE6E8M</youtube>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]

Joel

2026-04-28T06:23:05Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:요엘]]{{성경
|image=[[File:Old Bible.jpg|thumb|center]]
|title=Joel
|Abbreviation=Joel
|Class.=Old Testament
|Category=Minor Prophets
|Writer=Joel
|Date (Approx.)=
|Location=
|Chapters=3
}}
The book of '''Joel''' is the twenty-ninth book of the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]], traditionally attributed to the prophet Joel. Its central message interprets an unprecedented locust plague as a warning foreshadowing the coming [[Last Judgment|Judgment Day]]. At the same time, it proclaims [[God]]’s promise of salvation for those who repent, urging the people to return to Him.

==Writer and Date==
The book identifies its writer as Joel, son of Pethuel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joel+1%3A1&version=NIV |title=Joel 1:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The name ''Joel'' means “The [[Jehovah|LORD]] is God.”

Beyond his name, little is known about the prophet, making it difficult to determine the book’s date of composition. Many scholars suggest a context during the reign of [https://biblehub.com/topical/j/joash.htm Joash], the 8th king of Judah. Supporting arguments include:

# The mention of the Valley of [[Jehoshaphat]] (the 4th king of [[Southern Kingdom of Judah|Judah]]), which is taken to indicate a period after King Jehoshaphat’s victory over Edom and its allies.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joel+3%3A2&version=NIV |title=Joel 3:2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joel+3%3A12&version=NIV |title=Joel 3:12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
# The identification of Philistia, Egypt, and Edom as nations subject to judgment,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joel+3%3A4&version=NIV |title=Joel 3:4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joel+3%3A19&version=NIV |title=Joel 3:19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> with no reference to Assyria or [[Babylon]], suggesting an early setting.
# The absence of a reigning monarch,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joel+1%3A9&version=NIV |title=Joel 1:9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joel+1%3A13&version=NIV |title=Joel 1:13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> with [[Priest|priests]] appearing as the main leaders, which some interpret as reflecting the regency of Jehoiada the high priest during Joash’s minority.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+11%3A17-21&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 11:17–21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>[https://georgesjournal.net/2020/01/09/a-new-bible-timeline/ A new Bible timeline], ''George’s Journal''</ref>

==Structure and Contents==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width: 500px;"
|- style="color: white; background: #0F4C82"
|Chapters || Content
|- style="background: white"
| [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joel%2001&version=NIV Chapter 1] || Israel’s Sin and the Locust Plague
|- style="background: white"
| [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joel%2002&version=NIV Chapter 2] || Warning of the Day of the LORD
|- style="background: white"
| [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joel%2003&version=NIV Chapter 3] || Judgment on the Nations and Restoration of Israel
|}

The locust plague in Joel’s time devastated the land, leaving the fields barren and causing suffering not only to the people but also to livestock. Even temple offerings ceased. Joel interprets this disaster as a consequence of Israel’s sin and warns of a greater and more dreadful day of the LORD still to come. Nevertheless, he proclaims that if the people repent wholeheartedly, God will remove the calamity, send both the [[Former Rain and Latter Rain|early and the latter rains]], restore their former abundance, and pour out His [https://churchofgod.wiki/en/The_Holy_Spirit#The_Work_of_the_Holy_Spirit Spirit] on His people. He also writes that on that day, God will be a refuge and stronghold for His people.

==References==
<references />

{{성경 둘러보기}}

[[Category:Bible]]
[[Category:Old Testament]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]

Rahab

2026-04-27T02:21:15Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:라합]]{{성경인물
|image=
[[File:Rahab hangs the scarlet cord from her window. Autotype after Wellcome V0034410.jpg|center|thumb|200px|Rahab Hangs the Scarlet Cord from Her Window, Frederic Shields, 1877]]
|title=Rahab
|Period=Exodus era (15th century BC)
|Family='''Husband''': Salmon 
'''Child''': Boaz (great-grandfather of David)
|Birthplace=Jericho
|Major achievements=Hid the Israelite spies
}}
'''Rahab''' (Hebrew: רָחָב‎) was a woman who sheltered the Israelite spies. Though a Gentile, she acknowledged the [[God]] of Israel as the true God and played a decisive role in the fall of Jericho.
==Historical Background==
After about 400 years of slavery in Egypt, the Israelites were delivered through the power of the [[Passover]] and began their journey toward the land of [[Canaan]].

At the end of the forty years in the [[Life in the Desert|wilderness]], Moses—who had led Israel since the [[The Exodus|Exodus]]—died, and [[Joshua]] succeeded him as leader. God commanded Joshua to advance into Canaan, promising to be with him as He had been with [[Moses]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+1%3A1-5&version=NIV |title=Joshua 1:1–5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Preparing to enter the land, Joshua planned the reconnaissance of '''Jericho''', the first fortified city guarding the entrance to Canaan.

==Acts==
===Protection of the Spies===
[[File:Schnorr von Carolsfeld Bibel in Bildern 1860 066.png|thumb|275px|''Rahab Assists the Israelite Spies'', Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, 1851–1860]]
He sent two spies from Shittim to survey the city. They entered Jericho and lodged at Rahab’s house. Soon, however, the king of [[Jericho]] learned of their presence and sent soldiers to capture them. Rahab hid the spies on her roof and misled the soldiers by saying the men had already left at dusk, just before the city gate was shut.

That night, she told the spies that she knew the [[Jehovah|LORD]] had given the land to Israel and that fear had fallen upon the people of Jericho. She had heard how God parted the [[Red Sea]] and defeated the Amorite kings, and she confessed her faith in the God of heaven and earth. Rahab pleaded for the safety of herself and her family in return for protecting the spies. They agreed and promised that her household would be spared when Israel attacked Jericho, on the condition that she tie a scarlet cord in her window as a sign.

Rahab then lowered the spies down by a rope so they could escape. They returned safely to Joshua and reported all that had happened ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua%2002&version=NIV Joshua 2]).

===Deliverance at the Fall of Jericho===
When Israel crossed the [[Jordan]] River and laid siege to Jericho, God commanded the people to march around the city once a day for six days and seven times on the seventh day. After the final march, the [[Priest|priests]] were to blow the trumpets, and the people were to shout. On that day, Joshua instructed the spies to ensure the safety of Rahab and everyone in her household. When the priests sounded the trumpets and the people raised a great shout, the walls of Jericho collapsed. The city was then captured and completely destroyed. In accordance with Joshua’s command, only Rahab and her family were spared, because she had hidden the spies. Afterward, Rahab and her relatives lived among the Israelites ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua%2006&version=NIV Joshua 6]).

According to later biblical tradition, Rahab married Salmon of the tribe of Judah and became the mother of Boaz, the great-grandfather of King [[David]]. Through this lineage, Rahab entered the genealogy of [[Jesus Christ]].<ref>[https://biblehub.com/topical/r/rahab.htm Rahab], ''Bible Hub''</ref><ref>[https://kingjamesbibledictionary.com/Dictionary/Rahab Rahab], ''King James Bible Dictionary''</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+1%3A5-6&version=NIV |title=Matthew 1:5–6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==Evaluation in the New Testament Era==
The [[The New Testament|New Testament]] commends Rahab for her faith and her righteous actions. In the Epistle to the [[Book of Hebrews|Hebrews]], [[Paul]] places her alongside exemplary figures of faith, such as [[Noah]], [[Abraham]], [[Isaac]], and [[Jacob]], as one who acted in faith despite her background.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+11%3A7-31&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 11:7–31|publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The [[Book of James|Epistle of James]] also cites Rahab as evidence that “faith without works is dead,” noting that she was considered righteous because she welcomed the spies and helped them escape safely.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=James+2%3A25&version=NIV |title=James 2:25 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Jericho]]
*[[Book of Joshua]]
*[[Life in the Desert]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Figures]]

Idol

2026-04-24T02:18:13Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:우상]][[file:Nicolas poussin, adorazione del vitello d'oro, 1633-34FXD.jpg|thumb|''The Adoration of the Golden Calf, Nicolas Poussin, 1633'']]
An '''idol''' is an image or object fashioned by humans for the purpose of worshiping a deity. Motivated by the human tendency to rely on visible representations, cultures throughout antiquity produced statues, images, or paintings symbolizing deities and revered them. [[God]], however, strictly forbids the making of idols in any form, material, or likeness and categorically prohibits idolatry.

==Meaning of Idol==
In general dictionaries, an idol is defined as “a figure made of wood, stone, metal, clay, or similar materials to which religious significance is ascribed,” or “an object or person regarded as divine.”<ref>[https://www.oed.com/dictionary/idol_n?tl=true Idol], ''Oxford English Dictionary''</ref> In the Hebrew Bible, several terms are used to designate idols, the most common being ''’elil'' ([https://biblehub.com/hebrew/457.htm אֱלִיל]), meaning “nothing” or “vanity.” Other terms include ''massekah'' ([https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4541.htm מַסֵּכָה], molten image), ''pesel'' ([https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6459.htm פֶּסֶל], carved image), and ''teraphim'' ([https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8655.htm תְּרָפִים], household gods). In the [[The New Testament|New Testament]], the Greek word ''eidolon'' ([https://biblehub.com/greek/1497.htm εἴδωλον]), derived from ''eidos'' ([https://biblehub.com/greek/1491.htm εἶδος], “form” or “appearance”), is used to denote idols or false gods. This term later gave rise to the [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/idol English word ''idol''].

==Types of Idols==
===Tangible Idols===
In the [[Bible]], idols are often described as objects fashioned from materials such as wood or stone.<ref name="Leviticus 26장">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+26%3A1&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 26:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Idols in the Old Testament'''
|-
!Name!!'''Characteristics'''!!'''Illustration'''
|-
|<center>'''Teraphim'''</center>||The earliest idols mentioned in the Bible,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+31%3A19&version=NIV |title=Genesis 31:19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> regarded as household or tribal guardian deities.
|[[file:Ancient Canaanite Teraphim. Figurines of fertility goddess. Wellcome M0008439.jpg|프레임없음|고대 가나안의 드라빔|120px|가운데]]
|-
|<center>'''Molech'''</center>
|A deity worshiped by the Ammonites (also called Moloch, Milcom, or Malcam), depicted with the head of a bull and a human body with outstretched arms.<ref>[https://www.biblicaltraining.org/library/moloch Moloch], ''BiblicalTraining.org''</ref> In the Valley of Ben Hinnom, children were placed on Molech’s arms and burned as offerings.
|[[file:Foster Bible Pictures 0074-1 Offering to Molech.jpg|프레임없음|몰렉 숭배|120px|가운데]]
|-
|<center>'''Baal'''</center>||The storm, rain, and fertility god venerated by the Canaanites and neighboring nations. High places<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+23%3A17&version=NIV 2 Chronicles 23:17]</ref> and pillars<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+3%3A2&version=NIV 2 Kings 3:2]</ref> were set up for Baal, who was frequently worshiped alongside Asherah.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+6%3A25-28&version=NIV Judges 6:25–28]</ref>
|[[file:Baal Ugarit Louvre AO17329.jpg|프레임없음|120px|가운데]]
|-
|<center>'''Asherah'''</center>
|A goddess regarded as the wife of the supreme god El and the mother of seventy gods, including Baal. She was typically represented as a wooden image, and the term ''Asherah'' may refer either to the goddess herself or to her carved cultic pole.
|[[File:Hecht Museum, Israel – figurines 004-crop.JPG|프레임없음|아세라 목상|120px|가운데]]
|-
|<center>'''Golden Calf'''</center>
|An Egyptian idol believed to symbolize strength and fertility.<ref>[https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/religion-and-philosophy/golden-calf Golden calf], ''EBSCO''</ref> When the Israelites thought their leader [[Moses]] had perished on Mount Sinai, they fashioned a calf<ref>Jillian Oliver, [https://www.grunge.com/1163311/animals-that-have-been-considered-sacred-throughout-history/ Animals That Have Been Considered Sacred Throughout History], ''Grunge.com'', January 14, 2023</ref>—an animal long considered sacred—for worship.<ref name=":0">[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+32%3A1-28&version=NIV Exodus 32:1–28]</ref> The [[Northern Kingdom of Israel]] later continued to venerate golden calves.
|[[File:Nicolas poussin, adorazione del vitello d'oro, 1633-34FXD.jpg|프레임없음|니콜라 푸생, 〈금송아지 숭배〉, 1633|120px|가운데]]
|-
|<center>'''Bronze Snake'''</center>
|Originally made at God’s command during the wilderness period, when Israelites bitten by venomous snakes were healed by looking at it. Over time, however, the people ascribed supernatural power to the image itself, and it was worshiped for nearly 800 years.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+18%3A3-7&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 18:3–7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
|[[file:Bronze snake of Moses - Tapestry - Palazzo Reale - Milan 2014.jpg|프레임없음|120px|가운데]]
|-
|<center>'''Sacred Stones'''</center>
|Pillar-shaped idols. God expressly forbade the Israelites from erecting such objects.<ref name="Leviticus 26장" /> The “pillar of Beth-shemesh in the land of Egypt,”<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+43%3A13&version=NIV Jeremiah 43:13]</ref> mentioned in the Bible, refers to an obelisk, a symbol of solar worship in ancient Egypt.<ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/ancient-egypt-obelisks-monuments The obelisk is an ancient Egyptian architectural feat. So why are so few in Egypt?], ''National Geographic'', September 5, 2024</ref>
|[[file:Louxor obelisk Paris dsc00780.jpg|프레임없음|120px|가운데]]
|}

*'''Worship of the Cross Is Idolatry'''
[[file:Sankt Jakob-1093226.jpg|thumb| A crucifix and statue of Mary on the altar of a Catholic church in Germany|150px]]
Many Christians assume that only images from other religions, such as Buddhist statues or pagan idols, constitute idolatry. However, any image made under the pretext of worshiping God is likewise considered an idol. Today, many venerate [[Cross|crosses]] or statues of Mary, pray while holding a cross or rosary, or keep such objects on their person or in their cars as protective charms. These practices indicate that crosses and Marian statues function as idols.
{{참고|Cross|설명=}}

===Intangible Idols===
Idolatry also extends beyond physical objects into the intangible realm whenever something is loved or prioritized above God, leading people away from Him. Human traditions or doctrines that cause believers to neglect God’s commandments become doctrinal idols. Likewise, greed for status, honor, or wealth can turn into idols that divert believers from the true path of faith.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+3%3A4-5&version=NIV |title=Colossians 3:4–5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Since the dictionary definition of an idol includes “an object or person revered as a god,” following human beings more than God also constitutes idolatry.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+5%3A29&version=NIV |title=Acts 5:29 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+17%3A5-7&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 17:5–7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==God’s Prohibition of Idolatry==
God is the [[The Creator|Creator]] who made the heavens and all things in the universe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+1%3A1&version=NIV |title=Genesis 1:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Bible rebukes as folly the attempt to seek the Creator through images fashioned in the likeness of created things.
{{quote5 |내용=Who has understood the mind of the LORD, or instruct the LORD as his counselor? . . . Before him all the nations are as nothing; they are regarded by him as worthless and less than nothing. '''With whom, then, will you compare God? What image will you liken him to?''' As for an idol, a craftsman casts it, and a goldsmith overlays it with gold and fashions silver chains for it.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+40%3A13-20&version=NIV Isaiah 40:13–20]}}

God cannot be compared to any created being. For this reason, when He descended on Mount Sinai to proclaim the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]], He revealed only His voice, not His form.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+4%3A15-18&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 4:15–18 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Among the [[The Commandments of God|commandments]], the second explicitly forbade the making of idols:
{{quote5 |내용='''“You shall not make for yourself an idol in the form of anything''' in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship them; . . . Do not make any gods to be alongside me; do not make for yourselves gods of silver or gods of gold.”|출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A4-23&version=NIV Exodus 20:4–23]}}

By declaring, “You shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything,” God made it clear that no idol of any kind is to be worshiped. Even if fashioned with the intent of honoring God, any man-made image is still idolatry. Moreover, the Bible teaches that idols are futile—powerless as scarecrows—and not to be feared:
{{quote5 |내용=This is what the LORD says: “Do not learn the ways of the nations or be terrified by signs in the sky, though the nations are terrified by them. For the customs of the peoples are '''worthless'''; they cut a tree out of the forest, and a craftsman shapes it with his chisel. They adorn it with silver and gold; they fasten it with hammer and nails so it will not totter. '''Like a scarecrow''' in a melon field, their idols cannot speak; they must be carried because they cannot walk. '''Do not fear them; they can do no harm nor can they do any good.'''”<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%2010%3A5&version=NIV Jeremiah 10:5]</ref> |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+10%3A2-5&version=NIV Jeremiah 10:2–5]}}

Idols exist solely by human will and craftsmanship. Since they are made by human hands, they can neither bless nor harm their makers. God warned that those who persist in making idols despite His clear command incur His abhorrence<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+26%3A30&version=NIV Leviticus 26:30]</ref> and His curse:
{{quote5 |내용=“'''Cursed''' is the man who carves an image or casts and '''idol—a thing detestable to the LORD''', the work of the craftsman’s hands—and sets it up in secret.” Then all the people shall say, “Amen!”|출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+27%3A15&version=NIV Deuteronomy 27:15]}}

==History of Idolatry in the Bible==
In the Old Testament period, the Israelites frequently lapsed into idolatry under the influence of the Canaanites and neighboring peoples. Whenever they turned away from God to worship idols and serve other gods, they suffered hardship and distress; when they obeyed God’s statutes and commandments, they received His blessings. Although God repeatedly sent prophets to admonish them, the people persisted in wickedness, and eventually the nation was conquered by foreign powers.

===The Wilderness Period===
After the [[The Exodus|Exodus]], the Israelites brought with them into the wilderness the idolatrous habits learned in Egypt. While [[Moses]] remained on Mount Sinai for forty days to receive the Ten Commandments, the people assumed he had died and made a golden calf to worship as a god. In anger at their idolatry, Moses smashed the tablets inscribed with the commandments. The covenant between God and the people was broken, and about 3,000 idolaters were put to death.<ref name=":0" /> Later, as Israel was about to enter Canaan after forty years in the wilderness, Moabite women enticed them to join in sacrifices to Baal of Peor. God’s wrath broke out against them, and a plague struck the camp, killing 24,000.
{{참고|Life in the Desert}}

===The Period of the Judges===
Once settled in Canaan, the Israelites soon adopted the idolatrous practices of neighboring peoples, worshiping Baal, Ashtoreth, and other deities. In judgment, God gave them over to the hands of surrounding nations such as Mesopotamia, Moab, Philistia, and Midian. Each time the Israelites cried out in distress, God raised up [[Judge|judges]] to deliver them. Yet after each judge died, the people relapsed into idolatry, and this cycle continued throughout the period of the Judges.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+2%3A11-20&version=NIV |title=Judges 2:11–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

During this time, Israel lacked a unified system of worship. Many tribes and families built high places and offered sacrifices according to their own customs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+17%3A1-13&version=NIV |title=Judges 17:1–13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> To call the nation back to faithfulness, God sent Samuel, who served as both prophet and judge. Samuel traveled throughout the land, proclaiming God’s word, urging the people to put away idols like Baal and Ashtoreth, and teaching them to serve God alone.

{{참고|Judges}}
===The United Monarchy===
When the prophet Samuel grew old, the people demanded a king to rule them like the surrounding nations. God permitted a monarchy, and [[Saul]] was anointed as Israel’s first king, followed by [[David]] and then David’s son [[Solomon]]. In order to maintain stable relations with surrounding nations, Solomon entered into political marriages, taking about 1,000 wives and concubines. In his later years, these foreign wives led him into idolatry, and he built shrines for Chemosh, Milcom, Ashtoreth, and numerous other deities. As Solomon turned away from God, Israel suffered attacks from neighboring nations and entered a period of instability. After Solomon’s death, under his son [[Rehoboam]], the kingdom divided into the [[Southern Kingdom of Judah]] and the [[Northern Kingdom of Israel]], leaving the nation weakened.

===The Divided Kingdom Period===
*'''Northern Kingdom of Israel''' 
Jeroboam, a former servant of Solomon, became the first king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. Fearing that the people would turn their loyalty to the king of Judah if they continued to [[Sacrifices in the Old Testament|worship]] in [[Jerusalem]], he set up golden calves at Bethel and Dan, built altars, appointed [[Priest|priests]] not approved by God, and instituted feasts of his own making. In doing so, he led the nation into idolatry.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+12%3A27-33&version=NIV |title=1 Kings 12:27–33 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> All subsequent kings of Israel followed Jeroboam’s precedent, and the Bible refers to this as “the way of Jeroboam” or “the sin of Jeroboam.”<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+16%3A19&version=NIV 1 Kings 16:19]</ref><ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+10%3A29&version=NIV 2 Kings 10:29]</ref>

In the northern kingdom, repeated coups occurred as officials assassinated reigning kings and seized the throne. These rulers did not fear God but often used idolatry as a means of consolidating their power. Among them, [[Ahab and Jezebel|King Ahab]], together with Queen Jezebel, turned Israel into a nation devoted to Baal and Asherah worship. They built a temple to Baal in [[Samaria]], supported 850 prophets of Baal and Asherah, and even killed the prophets of God.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+16%3A29-33&version=NIV 1 Kings 16:29–33]</ref><ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+18%3A1-19&version=NIV 1 Kings 18:1–19]</ref> Later kings likewise abandoned God and continued in idolatry. Despite the warnings of the prophets, Israel never repented and ultimately fell to Assyria around 721 [[BC and AD|BC]].
{{참고|Northern Kingdom of Israel}}
*'''Southern Kingdom of Judah''' 
The Southern Kingdom of Judah, with Jerusalem and the [[temple]] of God at its center, was in a better position to serve God than the northern kingdom. Nevertheless, most of its kings also turned to idolatry and forsook God.

Rehoboam, the first king after the division, set up idols and Asherah poles and engaged in detestable practices. Later, kings such as Ahaz and Manasseh erected altars to Baal, and even offered their own children as sacrifices in the Valley of Hinnom. As judgment, Judah was repeatedly attacked by surrounding nations, including Aram, Israel, Edom, and Philistia, suffering loss of life, captivity, and plunder. Manasseh himself was taken captive to [[Babylon]], where he experienced great distress and eventually repented. The final king of Judah, Zedekiah, also practiced idolatry, and the priests and people followed his example. Although God continually sent prophets to warn them, they ignored His message. Ultimately, Babylon invaded Judah. Zedekiah witnessed the execution of his sons, after which his eyes were gouged out, and he was taken captive. Jerusalem’s temple and other buildings were burned, many of the people were killed or deported, and the nation’s wealth was plundered. Having forsaken God, Judah fell in 586 BC.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+2%3A27-28&version=NIV Jeremiah 2:27–28] </ref>

Even so, some kings of Judah turned away from idolatry and restored God’s law, receiving blessings during their reigns. King Asa obeyed God’s commands, abolished widespread idolatry,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+14%3A2-5&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 14:2–5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and was granted peace. When faced with an invasion by a Cushite force numbering one million, he prevailed with God’s help.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+14%3A9-12&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 14:9–12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Jehoshaphat, the son of Asa, upheld God’s law and prohibited idolatry,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+17%3A1-6&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 17:1–6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> recognizing that blessing comes through obedience. When Moab, Ammon, and Edom formed an alliance against Judah, God granted a decisive victory.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+20%3A1-30&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 20:1–30 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Kings [[Hezekiah]] and [[Josiah]] restored proper worship by celebrating the long-neglected [[Passover]] and destroying idols throughout the land, actions that pleased God. As a result, Hezekiah survived the Assyrian invasion that had destroyed the northern kingdom, being delivered by God’s intervention.<ref name=":12" />
{{참고|Southern Kingdom of Judah}}

From the Old Testament through the New Testament, idolatry is consistently condemned as detestable before God. It arises whenever people turn away from God to serve other gods. Believers are therefore called to examine their lives and hearts to ensure that no form of idolatry, whether outward or inward, takes root, but instead to remain devoted solely to God.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John%2005&version=NIV |title=1 John 5:18-21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Through the [[The New Covenant Passover|New Covenant Passover]], believers become one body with [[Christ]] and temples of the [[The Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]]. Accordingly, the Apostle [[Paul]] reminded the church in Corinth: “What agreement is there between the temple of God and idols? For we are the temple of the living God.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+6%3A16&version=NIV |title=2 Corinthians 6:16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> To keep idols, whether physical or spiritual, drives out the Spirit of God and opens the way for the control of evil spirits. As God’s temple, believers must cast out all idols, live in holiness, and be guided by the Spirit, who leads them into the [[Kingdom of Heaven|kingdom of heaven]].

==See also==
*[[Cross]]

==Related videos==
*'''Sermon: When Israel Was Strong & When Israel Was Weak'''
<youtube>mX7TRjLF1dE</youtube>

==External links==
*[https://watv.org Church of God Official Website]
*[https://watvmedia.org/en/ WATV Media Cast]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]

‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition

2026-04-24T01:48:34Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:'진심, 아버지를 읽다'전]]{{그림|진심아버지를읽다_시.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=270px |타이틀=The work, ''Mountain'', from “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition}}
The “Father’s true Heart” Exhibition is organized by the [[World Mission Society Church of God]] and hosted by Melchizedek Publishing Company. It is a follow-up exhibition to the [[“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition]]. This exhibition was held to illuminate the silent life and love of fathers through various artworks, resonating gently in the hearts of modern people. It aimed to facilitate the restoration of familial bonds, intergenerational communication, and harmony.

Since its initial launch in February 2019 at the Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Rep of Korea (hereinafter referred to as Korea), the exhibition has been held five times in cities such as Busan, Daejeon, and Gwangju, Korea. Throughout these events, it attracted a total of 130,000 visitors.

==Exhibition Purpose and Intention==
===The Follow-Up Exhibition to the ‘Our Mother’ Writing and Photo Exhibition===
{{그림|아버지전을 찾은 중장년층의 남성 관람객들.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=320px |타이틀=Middle-aged and elderly male visitors look around the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition.}}
The Church of God has been organizing exhibitions, following the nationwide success of the [[“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition]] (hereinafter referred to as Mother Exhibition) in 2013. Many visitors who were deeply moved by reflecting on mothers’ love during the Mother Exhibition requested an exhibition focusing on fathers’ love. In response, the Church of God hosted the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition (hereinafter referred to as the Father Exhibition), featuring the life and love of fathers.<ref name="월간조선">[http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=F&nNewsNumb=201901100041 Not knowing how to explain the meaning of family love, Father buried it in his heart.], ''The Monthly Chosun Magazine'', January 2019</ref> After a brief initial opening at the Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, in December 2018, the exhibition officially commenced in February 2019. 

===Strengthening Family Love===
{{그림|진심아버지를읽다_작품을관람중인가족.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=320px |타이틀=The family visitors take commemorative photos at the photo zone.}}
Since ancient times, fathers have been educators who teach their children, role models who pass on their work ethic, and the support of the family, taking full responsibility for household finances and family assets. Fathers in their 50s and older in Korea, born during the baby boomer era, played a significant role in revitalizing the Korean economy by actively participating in major historical events such as the Vietnam War,<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history Vietnam War], ''History.com'', March 28, 2023</ref> working as miners in Germany<ref>[https://thediplomat.com/2023/05/the-hidden-history-of-korean-labor-migrants-in-germany/ The Hidden History of Korean Labor Migrants in Germany], The Koreas, ''The Diplomat'', May 31, 2023</ref> and as construction workers in the Middle East.<ref>''MBC Korea Production Team'', 70th Anniversary of Korea's Liberation Special Documentary, May 1, 2015</ref> However, with social changes, there has been a sharp increase in family breakdowns, and the absence of conversation and communication within family members has become widespread, resulting in fathers gradually losing their presence in the household.<ref>[https://studyfinds.org/american-families-spend-37-minutes-quality-time/ American families spend just 37 minutes of quality time together per day], ''Study Finds'', March 21, 2018</ref><ref>[https://news.umich.edu/time-u-s-children-spend-with-their-fathers-and-what-they-do/ Time U.S. children spend with their fathers, and what they do], Office of the Vice President for Communications, ''The Regents of the University of Michigan''</ref><ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-14/middle-aged-men-experiencing-high-level-loneliness/102563492 Middle-aged men are among the loneliest in Australia. What could help to change that?], ''ABC News'', July 14, 2023</ref>

The Church of God organized the Father Exhibition to acknowledge the efforts and tender sincerity of all fathers, hoping to help families in modern society regain a sense of unity and strengthen weakened family bonds. The exhibition encourages viewers to read the stories about fathers depicted in the artworks and understand the sincerity of fathers.<ref>[https://woman.donga.com/3/all/12/1676693/1 "Our Mother" Writing & Photo Exhibition and the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition], ''Woman DongA'', March 22, 2019</ref> The younger generation can empathize with the steadfast love of fathers, which may have gone unnoticed, by reflecting on the lives of their fathers’ generation that they themselves haven’t experienced. Meanwhile, the older generation can foster intergenerational communication not only by reflecting on their own lives but also on family relationships. Newcomers to the workforce, expectant fathers, and fathers raising young children can find direction and gain courage in their lives by learning from the examples of preceding fathers. 

===Comforting Modern People===
{{그림|아버지전 관람객.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=320px|타이틀=Visitors peer at the trinkets stained with their fathers’ fingerprints.}}
Another purpose of hosting the Father Exhibition is to provide solace to modern people exhausted by hectic daily routines and stress. Modern people are enduring physically and mentally exhausting lives amidst fierce competition in various arenas such as schools and workplaces, all in the pursuit of survival in an endless competitive society.<ref>[https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/14/burnout-is-on-the-rise-gen-z-millennials-and-women-are-the-most-stressed.html#:~:text=Of%2010%2C243%20full%2Dtime%20desk,of%20energy%20depletion%20and%20negativism. Burnout is on the rise worldwide—and Gen Z, young millennials and women are the most stressed], Get Ahead, ''CNBC Make it'', March 13, 2023</ref> The Church of God planned the Father Exhibition with the hope that the church members and their neighbors would find comfort and strength through the exhibition, following the teaching of [[God]], “Love your neighbor as yourself.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+22%3A39&version=NIV |title=Matthew 22:39 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

In a survey conducted by the Church of God among 1,357 visitors, the most common response to the question about the meaning of fatherhood was “support.” Indeed, fathers provide strong comfort just by being by our side.

The Church of God aimed to sum up the steadfast love of fathers, akin to a sturdy pillar of a house, in the exhibition, hoping to provide modern people with an opportunity to find solace and take a momentary respite from their weary hearts.<ref>[http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=E&nNewsNumb=201901100042 World Mission Society Church of God General Pastor Joo-Cheol Kim, "Heaven's system is the family system. . . 'God's Love' is practiced worldwide by serving, volunteering, with filial piety and friendship"], Interview, ''The Monthly Chosun Magazine'', January 2019</ref> 

==Structure of the ‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition==
{{그림|사진 작품 '다시 만날 때까지'를 감상하고 있는 군인.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=320px |타이틀=A soldier on vacation visits the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition.}}
The Father Exhibition consists of a main exhibition featuring literary works, photos, and memorabilia, as well as experiential spaces such as a video literature hall, “True Heart” through statistics, a photo zone, a heartfelt post office, and a book café.
===Main Exhibition===
The main exhibition hall features over 200 literary works, including writings by established authors such as Park Mok-wol, Lee Hyun-se, and Jung Ho-seung, works by literature club members, and the readers’ contributions, including their writings, photographs, and memorabilia, submitted to Melchizedek Publishing Company.

The works submitted by literary club members and readers include poems, essays, columns, photographs, and memorabilia that contain stories and memories of fathers. The exhibition showcases a variety of memorabilia, ranging from the items imbued with tender memories between fathers and children to the objects used by fathers who experienced significant events in Korean modern history. Depending on the unique features of the exhibition venue, writings by local authors may be added or props may be changed accordingly. The exhibition hall is organized into five themes under the subtitle, “On That Silent Love,” Hall 1. “Father’s Home,” Hall 2. “I’m Okay,” Hall 3. “. . . ,” Hall 4. “That’s What a Father Is,” Hall 5. “I Came to Find the Lost.” To help visitors evoke memories of their own fathers, each sub-theme is created using common phrases frequently spoken by fathers in their everyday lives.

The entrance of the exhibition hall is adorned with wrought iron gates, and on the doorplate, the most common name among men born during the Korean baby boomer era, “Young-soo,” is engraved to enhance empathy.<ref>[https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20160507037800004 Names preferred by time period, 1940's Yeongsoo, Youngja to 2010's Minjun, Seoyeon], ''Yonhap News'', May 9, 2016</ref><ref>[https://www.busan.com/view/busan/view.php?code=2019100218235367471 A time to reflect on our fathers who protected the family with the weight of life.], ''Busan Ilbo'', October 2, 2019</ref> In each hall, there are themed prop zones installed to complement the respective themes.{{앨범
|정렬=가운데
|그림1={{그림|외출 멜기세덱출판사.jpg|타이틀=The photograph titled ''Going Out'' from “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition}}
|그림2={{그림|진심아버지를읽다_23시-55분.jpg|타이틀=The photograph titled ''Cultivation'' from “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition}}
|그림3={{그림|아버지전 전시장 내부.jpg|타이틀=Inside the Exhibition Hall of the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition}}
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|- style="background-color:#FDF5E6; text-align:center;"
|'''Themes'''
|'''Content'''
|-
|Hall 1. “Father’s Home”
|Sweet childhood memories related to fathers
|-
|Hall 2. “I’m Okay”
|The daily life of fathers who have devoted themselves to their families from behind the scenes
|-
|Hall 3. “. . .”
|The inner thoughts of fathers who have always maintained silence
|-
|Hall 4. “That’s What a Father Is”
|Father’s endless love for family
|-
|Hall 5. “I Came to Find the Lost”
|Father and the paternal love written in the Bible
|-
|}
Collections of artworks and explanations translated into English, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Mongolian, Vietnamese, Nepali, and other languages are also available for foreign visitors. 

===Side Events===
Various side events have been arranged to allow visitors to engrave the love of fathers more deeply in their hearts. 
{{그림|통계로 보는 진심.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=Students examine survey results about fathers’ true hearts.}}
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|- style="background-color:#FDF5E6; text-align:center;"
| '''Events'''
|'''Content'''
|-
|Heartfelt Post Office
|Visitors can express their true hearts they haven’t conveyed to their fathers by writing letters or postcards. Letters have long writing spaces for expressing personal feelings, and postcards contain photographs exhibited in the Father Exhibition. The written letters and postcards are delivered through the organizer’s complimentary postal service.
|-
|True Heart in Statistics
|Survey statistics depict how fathers and children perceive each other. You can discover the true heart of fathers and children that you may not have realized before.
|-
|}

===“One More Handspan” Campaign===
{{그림|한뼘더 캠페인 홈페이지 캡쳐.png |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px|타이틀=The “One More Handspan” Campaign on the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition Website}}
As part of the Father Exhibition, the Church of God is conducting the [https://thankfather.org/campaign/ “One More Handspan” Campaign] to promote family love. The title implies the hope for restoring strained relationships between fathers and children, fostering stronger family bonds, and bringing hearts closer by just one more handspan. The campaign is carried out both online and offline, including on the [https://thankfather.org/ official website of the Father Exhibition], at the exhibition venue, and in nearby locations.

The campaign consists of various experiential services, including surveys targeting fathers and children, tests measuring the emotional distance between fathers and children, webtoons and videos featuring anecdotes about fathers and children, and downloadable emoticons expressing family love. The online campaign consists of four steps.
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|- style="background-color:#FDF5E6; text-align:center;"
|'''Step'''
|'''Content'''
|-
|Step 1. Rediscover Your Father
|Watch videos and webtoons on the theme of family love. (Available for viewing on WATV Media Cast and YouTube channel “Exhibition ON”)
|-
|Step 2. How Distant Are You From Your Father?
|Measure the psychological distance from your father. (Participants will receive family love-themed emoticons upon participation.)
|-
|Step 3. What Is Your True Heart?
|Participate in a survey and review the results on how fathers and children perceive each other. (Participants will receive family love-themed emoticons upon participation.)
|-
|Step 4. Send Your True Heart
|Send the emoticons received in Step 2 and 3 to your father or child via mobile.
|-
|}

==The Current Status of the ‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition==
Since its initial opening at the Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Korea, in February 2019, the Father Exhibition has garnered significant interest from visitors. In September 2019, it was simultaneously held at the Church of God in Suyeong, Busan, Korea, further expanding its reach and attracting a large audience. For one year, the exhibition drew over 110,000 visitors, with each venue experiencing a steady stream of visitors throughout the day.

Visitors of various ages from students to the elderly attended the exhibition. Additionally, people from various sectors such as cultural, legal, political, and educational fields also visited. Since father’s love transcends religion, people from different religious backgrounds also visited the exhibition.<ref>[https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/23595576#home Silent Love Behind Father's Smile], ''JoongAng SUNDAY'', ''The JoongAng'', October 5, 2019</ref> Visitors often came to the exhibition after reading newspaper articles about it.<ref name="관악publisher">[https://관악publisher.kr/13054 Meeting Father's Love Silent as a Mountain], ''Gwanak Journal'', March 25, 2019</ref>

Due to overwhelming local interest and a surge in visitors, both the Seoul and Busan exhibitions were extended beyond their originally planned durations. From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, the exhibition expanded its offline exhibition area online, uploading exhibition artworks and meeting visitors through online platforms. As the momentum of the pandemic eased, the exhibition resumed on September 15, 2022, at the Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul. On September 29, 2022, it opened at the Church of God in Seo-gu, Daejeon, and on February 23, 2023, at the Church of God in Seo-gu, Gwangju.
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|+'''History of the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition'''
|- style="color:; background-color:#FDF5E6; text-align:center;"
|'''Times'''
|'''Area'''
|'''Venue'''
|'''Period'''
|-
|1
|Gwanak in Seoul (1)
|[[Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul]]
|February 28, 2019 – January 19, 2020 (Temporarily closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
|-
|2
|Suyeong in Busan
|[[Church of God in Suyeong, Busan, Korea|The Church of God in Suyeong, Busan]]
|September 26, 2019 – January 17, 2020
|-
|3
|Gwanak in Seoul (2)
|[[Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul]]
|September 15, 2022 – June 22, 2023
|-
|4
|Seo-gu in Daejeon
|[[Church of God in Seogu, Daejeon, Korea|The Church of God in Seogu, Daejeon]]
|September 29, 2022 – February 28, 2023
|-
|5
|Seo-gu in Gwangju
|[[Church of God in Seogu, Gwangju, Korea|The Church of God in Seogu, Gwangju]]
|February 23, 2023 – August 30, 2023
|-
|6
|Euichang in Changwon
|[[Church of God in Euichang, Changwon, Korea|The Church of God in Euichang, Changwon]]
|April 13, 2023 –
|-
|7
|Imae in Seongnam
|[[The New Jerusalem Imae Temple]]
|August 17, 2023 –
|-
|8
|Wonju
|[[Church of God in Wonju, Korea|The Church of God in Wonju]]
|November 2, 2023 –
|}

===Character Education in Connection With the Exhibition===
The Church of God conducted character education linked with the exhibitions to nurture upright character and warm personality in growing youth, aiming to bridge the gap with the parent generation and enable them to become strong pillars of society.

The education took place at the Church of God in Suyeong, Busan, and the Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, where the exhibitions were being held. About 2,500 students and parents attended the event in Busan alone. An inspiring lecture introduced Korean modern and contemporary history and encouraged the youth not to lose their dreams despite any difficulties, leaving a significant impact on them.<ref>[https://www.kyeonggi.com/2225421 Church of God Hosts Youth Character Training to Share Dreams and Hopes], ''Kyeonggi'', January 10, 2020</ref>

High school student Cho Na-young, who participated in the education, said, “Listening to the stories that I had seen in photos and writings at the Father Exhibition made them even more vivid.” She also recalled learning at school, “History repeats itself,” and added, “The difficult times experienced by the older generation serve as a model for us, helping us overcome difficult times when we encounter them. I think it is important to listen to and understand the stories of adults.”<ref>[https://www.shinailbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1240047 Church of God Hosts Youth Character Training to Share Dreams and Hopes], ''Shinailbo'', January 7, 2020</ref>

The adults also mentioned that it became an opportunity to understand and appreciate their parent generation. Mr. Park Bong-cheol, in his 50s, said, “I’ve realized that the hardships our parents endured were not just for themselves but for the future generations like us. I am grateful for their courage to overcome all difficulties with the determination not to pass on the irrationality, inconvenience, and poverty they experienced to the next generation, and finally to leave a better environment to us. I hope that our society will embrace each other, rather than oppose each other for their own purposes.”<ref>[https://weekly.donga.com/3/all/11/1948461/1 Church of God, A Guide for Upright Personality and Hopeful Dream], ''Weekly DongA'', January 16, 2016</ref> 

===‘Exhibition ON’ Channel ===
When the COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020, the Church of God suspended the offline operation of the Mother Exhibition and Father Exhibition in compliance with government guidelines to prevent the spread of the virus. Instead, the church took proactive steps by launching a YouTube channel titled [https://www.youtube.com/c/ChurchofGodEXHIBITION “Exhibition ON”] and sharing exhibition-related videos online. This initiative aimed to ensure that people could still experience and share the emotional impact of the exhibitions, particularly during the isolating times of the pandemic.

Currently, the videos related to the Father Exhibition posted on “Exhibition ON” include a variety of content: exhibition literary artworks, anecdotes about props, an introduction to the Father Exhibition, a campaign video cartoon titled “One More Handspan,” and documentaries. The channel’s videos can also be viewed on [https://watvmedia.org/en WATV Media Cast].

==Evaluation on the Exhibition==
The Father Exhibition gained prominence with coverage in over 60 major domestic newspapers, magazines, TV channels, and other media outlets. One broadcasting company aired an interview video about the Church of God and the Father Exhibition for about 50 minutes. The media acclaimed the Father Exhibition hosted by the Church of God, recognizing it not only as a source of consoling for modern people burdened by societal pressures but also as an occasion to affirm family love and foster communication with local communities.<ref name="주간동아">[https://weekly.donga.com/3/all/11/1948497/1 A Step to World’s Happiness for Family, Neighbors, and Whole Mankind], ''Weekly DongA'', January 16, 2020</ref>

A few visitors were motivated to visit the exhibition venue after seeing media coverage. After reading a newspaper article, Mr. Han Gi-deuk traveled from Pohang to the Church in Gwanak, Seoul, to see the exhibition. He shared his impressions, “While viewing the exhibition, I found myself contemplating on whether I, as a father, am fulfilling my role properly. Today’s visit served as an opportunity for me to reflect on the responsibilities of fatherhood.”<ref name="관악publisher" />

Since the resumption of exhibitions in 2022, visits by people from all walks of life, including those from the political, legal, government, economic, cultural, and media circles, are becoming more active. Visitors from diverse age groups, ranging from students to the elderly, praised the exhibition for providing them with opportunities to understand paternal love.<ref name="관악publisher" /> The novelist Kim Jeong-hyeon, who wrote the novel, ''Father'', described the Father Exhibition as “a space where one can read the true heart of fathers, who are always the objects of caution, in their relationships with their wives, children, and society.”<ref name="주간동아" /> Kim Ha-young from Suwon said, “I remembered my father, who always sends letters filled with thoughts of his children even when he’s away from home.”<ref name="월간조선" /> 

'''Interviews'''
*Kim Jeong-hyeon, Novelist: “The destiny of a father in a world where challenges loom large and reality is unforgiving. Yet, may I educate without instilling greed, restrain words of bitterness to prevent discord, nurture with love, and strive to be a joyful father. As a father, I must tread upright, not bowed by adversity, enduring with patience to lessen shame, and skillfully handling these demanding responsibilities. I am reaffirmed once again at the ‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition.”<ref name="주간조선">[https://weekly.chosun.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=14865 <nowiki>[Exhibition] Meeting ‘Father’ in Exhibition</nowiki>], ''Weekly Chosun'', October 10, 2019</ref> 
*Enkhchuluun, Director of Administration at New Ulaanbaatar International Airport, Mongolia: “It felt like meeting my own father. A warm energy seemed to be embracing me”<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/@wmscog_exhibition/videos Father’s True Heart Exhibition_World Mission Society Church of God], ''Exhibition ON, Church of God'', YouTube Channel</ref>
*Paul Fernando Duclos Parodi(Ambassador of Peru to the Republic of Korea): "I have realized that fatherhood is a universal concept. This exhibition has made me feel a lot."<ref>[https://jmagazine.joins.com/monthly/view/338426 <nowiki>[Culture Special] Touching Emotions of Deep Paternal Love: ”Father’s True Heart” Exihibition</nowiki>], ''Monthly JoongAng'', September 2023</ref>

==External links==
*[https://thankfather.org/ ‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition]
*[https://www.youtube.com/@wmscog_exhibition Exhibition ON / Church of God]

==See also==
*[[The Church of God’s Community Service Activities]]
*[[Church of God Family & Neighborhood Communication Support]]
*[[“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition]]

==Related videos==
*'''‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition'''
<youtube>vGAZ3d_zKqw</youtube>

*'''[Invitation] ‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition, Church of God Father's Exhibition'''
<youtube>JThIRhvy5tE</youtube>

==References==
<references />

[[Category: Church of God]]
[[Category: Community Service]]

“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition

2026-04-24T01:47:56Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:'우리 어머니' 글과 사진전]]{{그림|유년의 해 질 녘.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=“Twilight of Childhood” from the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition}}
The '''“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition''' is organized by the [[World Mission Society Church of God]] and hosted by Melchizedek Publishing. The exhibition aims to provide solace to people in modern times through the nurturing love of mothers and foster stronger familial bonds.

Since its inaugural opening at the Church of God in Gangnam, Seoul, Republic of Korea (hereinafter referred to as Korea) in June 2013, the exhibition has been hosted 73 times in various cities in Korea such as Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Daejeon, and Incheon, attracting over 890,000 visitors in total. Expanding the exhibition even to other countries including the United States, Chile and Peru, it recalled the appreciation for maternal love among people all over the world.

==The Purpose of Exhibition==

===Comforting Weary Hearts===
Today is often referred to as an era of “poverty in abundance.” This phenomenon is attributed to the widespread materialism and individualism in society, where people cannot attain satisfaction and happiness due to fierce competition and the demands of daily life.<ref>[https://articlearchives.co/index.php/JBD/article/download/1803/1784 A Comparative Study of Social Comparison, Materialism, and Subjective Well-Being in the U. S., China, Croatia, and India], Jie G. McCardle, ''Journal of Business Diversity'', Vol. 19(5) 2019</ref>

Practicing love for neighbors and helping those in need are recognized as fundamental social responsibilities of the church and essential virtues among believers.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=luke+10%3A30-37&version=NIV Luke 10:30-37]</ref> The Church of God organized the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition (hereinafter referred to as the Mother Exhibition) to comfort weary hearts and fill desolate souls with love in contemporary times.<ref>[https://woman.donga.com/people/article/all/12/146725/1 The Narrative Unveiled: 'Our Mother' Writing and Photo Exhibition], ''Woman DongA'', April 15, 2014</ref>{{그림|판교성전 어머니전 관람.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=Visitors view the exhibition at New Jerusalem Pangyo Temple.}}
The Mother Exhibition explores the theme of maternal love and sacrifice. Mother’s love is the universal and greatest love of humanity, transcending borders and cultures. Mothers provide comfort, strength, attention, affection, and unwavering support, making them a source of solace for many people. Organized by the Church of God, the exhibition aims to inspire, console, and uplift people in modern times through artworks that depict maternal love. It is hoped that the emotional resonance and comfort conveyed by the exhibition will lay the foundation for a harmonious world where people empathize, communicate, and coexist warmly with one another.

===Fostering''' '''Familial Affection===
{{그림|어머니전 관람 가족, 아기 사진.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=A family views the Mother Exhibition together.}}
In contemporary society, within busy daily schedules, there is less time for in-person interactions among family members and fewer opportunities for meaningful conversations. The issue of family dissolution is growing severe day by day, driven by economic hardships, communication deficits, and other contributing factors.<ref>[http://encyclopedia.uia.org/en/problem/family-breakdown Family breakdown], ''The Encyclopedia of World Problems''</ref> Another purpose of the Mother Exhibition is to foster familial affection. The Church of God promotes the establishment of harmonious and joyful homes by facilitating opportunities for mutual understanding and empathy among family members through the Mother Exhibition. The Mother Exhibition serves to deepen students’ understanding of their parents’ generation and promote awareness of the significance of filial piety. Moreover, it offers the older generation an opportunity to foster empathy with their children and bridge the generation gap.

==“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition Content==
The Mother Exhibition features a main exhibition comprising literary works, photographs, memorabilia items, and more. Additionally, there are side events offering experiential spaces such as a video literature, photo zone, and love mailbox. In expansive exhibition halls, international works from the Mother Exhibitions held abroad are also presented.

===Main Exhibition===
{{그림|우리 어머니전 전시장.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px|타이틀=In the exhibition hall, visitors are welcomed by a variety of works including writings, photographs, and memorabilia items.}}
The main exhibition features works by renowned writers such as poets Moon Byung-ran, Kim Cho-hye, Heo Hyeong-man, and Park Hyo-seok. It also showcases literary contributions from various literary clubs, including around 200 memorabilia items, writings, and photographs from readers of Melchizedek Publishing. These submissions from literary enthusiasts encompass a range of compositions, including poems, essays, columns filled with anecdotes and reminiscences about mothers, as well as photographs and various items imbued with the essence of motherhood. Depending on the exhibition's location, contributions from local writers may be included, and items adjusted accordingly.

The exhibition consists of five themes under the subtitle “Sacrifice, Love, Compassion, Remorse . . . Oh, Mother!” These themes are as follows: Zone A “Mother”; Zone B “She”; Zone C “Again, Mother”; Zone D “I’m Okay,” and Zone E “Mother in the Bible.”
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|- style="color:white; background-color:#F08080; text-align:center;"
|'''Theme'''
|'''Content'''
|-
|Zone A: “Mother”
|Heartwarming and touching stories from childhood related to mothers
|-
|Zone B: “She”
|The daily life and routines of mothers, who gave up their lives as a woman
|-
|Zone C: “Again, Mother”
|Children’s remorse toward their mothers
|-
|Zone D: “I’m Okay”
|The boundless forgiveness and love of mothers
|-
|Zone E: “Mother in the Bible”
|Maternal love and the depiction of mothers in the Bible
|-
|}

For foreign visitors, the collection of works is translated into multiple languages: English, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Mongolian, Vietnamese, and Nepali.

===Additional Events===
Adjacent to the main exhibition hall, a variety of additional events are provided for visitors to engage in firsthand, such as viewing animated children’s stories and documentaries, taking photographs, and writing postcards.
{{그림|어머니전 사랑의 우편함.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=After viewing the Mother Exhibition together, a group of soldiers write postcards to their mothers at the “Mailbox of Love” corner.}}
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|-style="color:white; background-color:#F08080; text-align:center;"
|'''Additional Events'''
|'''Content'''
|-
|Video Literature
|Animations, documentaries, and other films are shown, focusing on the theme of maternal love and sacrifice.
|-
|Mailbox of Love
|Visitors write and send postcards with messages they haven’t had the chance to say to their mothers before. They can select from five types of postcards adorned with flower illustrations, each bearing messages such as “I Love You,” “I’m Sorry,” “Thank You,” “I Miss You,” and “Much Appreciated.” The postcards will be sent via the organizer’s complimentary postal service.
|-
|Photo Zone: “Say Eomonee (Mother)”
|Complimentary photo shooting and printing services are provided to visitors.
|-
|Book Cafe
|Visitors can enjoy the exhibition’s emotional impact while sipping tea at the venue where the literary anthologies published by Melchizedek Publishing are displayed.
|-
|}
{{그림|어머니전 포토존.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=Visitors taking family photos at a 'photo zone'}}

===Additional Exhibition===
In a specific exhibition venue, an additional exhibit titled the “Peru Special Exhibition” has been arranged to display works from the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition held in Peru. Through these works portraying Peru’s unique culture, visitors can gain insight into the lives and maternal love shared by mothers worldwide.
{{그림|페루 어머니전 작품.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=A work titled “Memory” from the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition in Peru: The image shows a smiling mother, carrying a child in Peru’s traditional cloth known as Lliclla. }}

==Current Status of “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition==
Since its inception at the Church of God in Gangnam, Seoul, Korea, on June 20, 2013, the Mother Exhibition has been held 73 times across the nation until January 2024, attracting over 890,000 visitors.

The venues for the Mother Exhibition are various Churches of God located throughout the nation. Centered around the universal theme of ''motherhood'', the exhibition is cherished by locals as a cultural destination where visitors from diverse backgrounds can engage comfortably. In 2015, Park Heung-sik, Head of Paldal District, Suwon, Korea, attended the Mother Exhibition hosted at the Church of God in Paldal, Suwon. He remarked, “I believe there is no need to be sensitive about religion when visiting the Mother Exhibition. I hope many people attend the exhibition and reflect on their lives while thinking of their mothers.”<ref>[https://www.kihoilbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=637888&replyAll=&reply_sc_order_by=C I Love You, Even the Traces of Time], ''Kiho Ilbo'', January 27, 2016</ref>

Visitors to the exhibition encompassed a wide spectrum, ranging from students to the elderly, representing diverse sectors including culture, law, politics, and education. As word spread, group visits were organized from various institutions such as schools, military bases, police stations, cultural associations, disability organizations, senior universities, and corporate entities. Due to increased local interest and patronage, many exhibitions were extended beyond their originally scheduled durations.

In 2015, Editha C. Escama, Vice Mayor of Quezon City, Philippines, visited Korea and attended the Mother Exhibition at the Church of God in Yeongdeungpo, Seoul. She commented, “Each work was touching. As I viewed the exhibition, memories of my mother came flooding back. I eagerly anticipate the day when Korean members will host the Mother Exhibition in the Philippines, too.”<ref name="기호일보">[https://economist.co.kr/article/view/ecn201605090019 Love Your Neighbor with a Mother's Heart], ''Economist'', May 9, 2016</ref>

Since early 2020, in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the offline exhibitions expanded to online exhibitions delivered via “[https://watvmedia.org/en/ WATV Media Cast]” and the YouTube channel “[https://www.youtube.com/c/ChurchofGodEXHIBITION Exhibition ON].” On September 19, 2022, as the pandemic’s impact began to diminish, the exhibition resumed at the Church of God in Uichang, Changwon. A month later, on October 27, it was hosted at the Church of God in Nagyang, Uijeongbu, followed by another exhibition on March 3, 2023, at the Church of God in Banyawol, Daegu.
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|+'''Chronology of the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition'''
|- style="color:white; background-color:#F08080; text-align:center;"
|'''Time'''
|'''Exhibition Area'''
|'''Exhibition Venue'''
|'''Exhibition Start Date–End Date'''
|-
|1
|Gangnam. Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Gangnam, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gangnam, Seoul]]
| Jun. 20–Jul. 4, 2013 / Aug. 29–Sep. 9, 2013 (Encore)
|-
|2
|Seogu, Daejeon (1)
|[[The Church of God in Seogu, Daejeon, Korea|The Church of God in Seogu, Daejeon]]
|Sep. 5–Nov. 15, 2013
|-
|3
|Junggu, Incheon
|[[The Church of God in Nakseom, Incheon, Korea|The Church of God in Nakseom, Incheon]]
|Sep. 10–Nov. 24, 2013
|-
|4
|Suyeong, Busan
|[[The Church of God in Suyeong, Busan, Korea|The Church of God in Suyeong, Busan]]
|Sep. 24, 2013–Jan. 8, 2014
|-
|5
|Bukgu, Daegu
|[[The Church of God in Bukgu, Daegu, Korea|The Church of God in Bukgu, Daegu]]
|Oct. 4–Dec. 26, 2013
|-
|6
|Seogu, Gwangju
|[[The Church of God in Seogu, Gwangju, Korea|The Church of God in Seogu, Gwangju]]
|Oct. 17–Dec. 24, 2013
|-
|7
|Bukgu, Ulsan
|[[The Church of God in Bukgu, Ulsan, Korea|The Church of God in Bukgu, Ulsan]]
|Oct. 31, 2013–Feb. 28, 2014
|-
|8
|Dongdaemun, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Dongdaemun, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Dongdaemun, Seoul]]
|Nov. 19, 2013–Jan. 24, 2014
|-
|9
|Suwon, Gyeonggi (1)
|[[The Church of God in Yeongtong, Suwon, Korea|The Church of God in Yeongtong, Suwon]]
|Nov. 26, 2013–Feb. 28, 2014
|-
|10
|Jeonju, Jeonbuk (1)
|[[The Church of God in Deokjin, Jeonju, Korea|The Church of God in Deokjin, Jeonju]]
|Dec. 5, 2013–Mar. 23, 2014
|-
|11
|Changwon, Gyeongnam (1)
|[[The Church of God in Happo, Changwon, Korea|The Church of God in Happo, Changwon]]
|Jan. 23–Mar. 9, 2014
|-
|12
|Ansan, Gyeonggi
|[[The Church of God in Jungang, Ansan, Korea|The Church of God in Jungang, Ansan]]
|Feb. 6–May 21, 2014
|-
|13
|Gwanak, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul]]
|Feb. 20–May 21, 2014
|-
|14
|Chuncheon, Gangwon
|[[The Church of God in Chuncheon, Korea|The Church of God in Chuncheon]]
|Feb. 27–May 28, 2014
|-
|15
|Gumi, Gyeongbuk (1)
|[[The Church of God in Gumi, Korea|The Church of God in Gumi]]
|Apr. 17–Jul. 13, 2014
|-
|16
|Namyangju, Gyeonggi
|[[The Church of God in Jinjeop, Namyangju, Korea|The Church of God in Jinjeop, Namyangju]]
|Apr. 24–Jul. 27, 2014
|-
|17
|Mapo, Seoul (1)
|[[The Church of God in Mapo, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Mapo, Seoul]]
|Jun. 12 – Aug. 21, 2014
|-
|18
|Cheongju, Chungbuk (1)
|[[The Church of God in Bukmunro, Cheongju, Korea|The Church of God in Bukmunro, Cheongju]]
|Jun. 19–Aug. 29, 2014
|-
|19
|Goyang, Gyeonggi
|[[The Church of God in Ilsan, Korea|The Church of God in Ilsan]]
|Jul. 3–Oct. 19, 2014
|-
|20
|Cheonan, Chungnam
|[[The Church of God in Seobuk, Cheonan, Korea|The Church of God in Seobuk, Cheonan]]
|Jul. 17–Oct. 26, 2014
|-
|21
|Gangseo, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Gonghang, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gonghang, Seoul]]
|Aug. 14–Nov. 16, 2014
|-
|22
|Suncheon, Jeollanam
|[[The Church of God in Suncheon, Korea|The Church of God in Suncheon]]
|Sep. 23–Nov. 9, 2014
|-
|23
|Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi (1)
|[[The Church of God in Pyeongtaek, Korea|The Church of God in Pyeongtaek]]
|Oct. 7–Dec. 14, 2014
|-
|24
|Bucheon, Gyeonggi (1)
|[[The Church of God in Songnae, Bucheon, Korea|The Church of God in Songnae, Bucheon]]
|Oct. 30, 2014–Jan. 11, 2015
|-
|25
|Seongnam, Gyeonggi (1)
|[[The New Jerusalem Imae Temple]]
|Nov. 6, 2014–Feb. 15, 2015
|-
|26
|Pohang, Gyeongbuk (1)
|[[The Church of God in Bukgu, Pohang, Korea|The Church of God in Bukgu, Pohang]]
|Dec. 11, 2014–Mar. 1, 2015
|-
|27
|Bupyeong, Incheon
|[[The Church of God in Cheongcheon, Inchoen, Korea|The Church of God in Cheongcheon, Inchoen]]
|Dec. 25, 2014–Mar. 15, 2015
|-
|28
|Yeongdeungpo, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Yeongdeungpo, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Yeongdeungpo, Seoul]]
|Jan. 22–Apr. 24, 2015
|-
|29
|Gunsan, Jeonbuk
|[[The Church of God in Gunsan, Korea|The Church of God in Gunsan]]
|Feb. 26–May 10, 2015
|-
|30
|Daedeok, Daejeon
|[[The Church of God in Hoideok, Daejeon, Korea|The Church of God in Hoideok, Daejeon]]
|Mar. 12–May 31, 2015
|-
|31
|Nowon, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Wolgye, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Wolgye, Seoul]]
|Apr. 16–Jul. 22, 2015
|-
|32
|Junggu, Daegu
|[[The Church of God in Junggu, Daegu, Korea|The Church of God in Junggu, Daegu]]
|Apr. 23–Aug. 2, 2015
|-
|33
|Mokpo, Jeollanam
|[[The Church of God in Mokpo, Korea|The Church of God in Mokpo]]
|Jun. 4–Jul. 19, 2015
|-
|34
|Suwon, Gyeonggi (2)
|[[The Church of God in Paldal, Suwon, Korea|The Church of God in Paldal, Suwon]]
|Jul. 9–Oct. 5, 2015
|-
|35
|Gangneung, Gangwon
|[[The Church of God in Gangneung, Korea|The Church of God in Gangneung]]
|Aug. 13–Nov. 1, 2015
|-
|36
|Songpa, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Songpa, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Songpa, Seoul]]
|Aug. 20–Nov. 4, 2015
|-
|37
|Namgu, Gwangju
|[[The Church of God in Bangrim, Gwangju, Korea|The Church of God in Bangrim, Gwangju]]
|Sep. 3–Dec. 31, 2015
|-
|38
|Dongjak, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Dongjak, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Dongjak, Seoul]]
|Oct. 29, 2015–Feb. 14, 2016
|-
|39
|Eunpyeong, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Eunpyeong, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Eunpyeong, Seoul]]
|Nov. 19, 2015– Mar. 6, 2016
|-
|40
|Gimhae, Gyeongnam
|[[The Church of God in Gimhae, Korea|The Church of God in Gimhae]]
|Nov. 26, 2015–Jan. 24, 2016
|-
|41
|Namdong, Incheon (1)
|[[The Church of God in Nonhyeon, Incheon, Korea|The Church of God in Nonhyeon, Incheon]]
|Jan. 21–Apr. 17, 2016
|-
|42
|Jinju, Gyeongnam
|[[The Church of God in Jinju, Korea|The Church of God in Jinju]]
|Mar. 3–May 22, 2016
|-
|43
|Yongin, Gyeonggi
|[[The Church of God in Bojeong, Yongin, Korea|The Church of God in Bojeong, Yongin]]
|Apr. 7–Jul. 10, 2016
|-
|44
|Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi (1)
|[[The Church of God in Nokyang, Uijeongbu, Korea|The Church of God in Nokyang, Uijeongbu]]
|Apr. 22–Jul. 17, 2016
|-
|45
|Wonju, Gangwon
|[[The Church of God in Wonju, Korea|The Church of God in Wonju]]
|May 6–Jul. 3, 2016
|-
|46
|Seosan, Chungnam
|[[The Church of God in Seosan, Korea|The Church of God in Seosan]]
|Jun. 16–Sep. 4, 2016
|-
|47
|Seogu, Incheon (1)
|[[The Church of God in Simgok, Inchoen, Korea|The Church of God in Simgok, Inchoen]]
|Jul. 28–Oct. 9, 2016
|-
|48
|Bucheon, Gyeonggi (2)
|[[The Church of God in Sosa, Bucheon, Korea|The Church of God in Sosa, Bucheon]]
|Aug. 18–Dec. 11, 2016
|-
|49
|Jeonju, Jeonbuk (2)
|[[The Church of God in Hoseong, Jeonju, Korea|The Church of God in Hoseong, Jeonju]]
|Aug. 26–Nov. 27, 2016
|-
|50
|Seogu, Daejeon (2)
|[[The Church of God in Jeongnim, Daejeon, Korea|The Church of God in Jeongnim, Daejeon]]
|Sep. 29–Dec. 30, 2016
|-
|51
|Yeonje, Busan
|[[The Church of God in Yeonje, Busan, Korea|The Church of God in Yeonje, Busan]]
|Nov. 10, 2016–Jan. 22, 2017
|-
|52
|Jeju
|[[The Church of God in Jeju, Korea|The Church of God in Jeju]]
|Dec. 23, 2016–Mar. 19, 2017
|-
|53
|Pohang, Gyeongbuk (2)
|[[The Church of God in Jungang, Pohang, Korea|The Church of God in Jungang, Pohang]]
|Jan. 12–Mar. 19, 2017
|-
|54
|Namdong, Incheon (2)
|[[The Church of God in Ganseok, Inchoen, Korea|The Church of God in Ganseok, Inchoen]]
|Feb. 3–Apr. 30, 2017
|-
|55
|Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk
|[[The Church of God in Gyeongsan, Korea|The Church of God in Gyeongsan]]
|Mar. 16–Jun. 18, 2017
|-
|56
|Gumi, Gyeongbuk (2)
|[[The Church of God in Doryang, Gumi, Korea|The Church of God in Doryang, Gumi]]
|Apr. 27–Jul. 31, 2017
|-
|57
|Seongnam, Gyeonggi (2)
|[[The New Jerusalem Pangyo Temple]]
|May 19–Sep. 3, 2017
|-
|58
|Saha, Busan
|[[The Church of God in Saha, Busan, Korea|The Church of God in Saha, Busan]]
|Jul. 6–Dec. 31, 2017
|-
|59
|Seogu, Incheon (2)
|[[The Church of God in Geomdan, Inchoen, Korea|The Church of God in Geomdan, Inchoen]]
|Sep. 14–Dec. 25, 2017
|-
|60
|Cheongju, Chungbuk (2)
|[[The Church of God in Seowon, Cheongju, Korea|The Church of God in Seowon, Cheongju]]
|Nov. 2, 2017–Feb. 11, 2018
|-
|61
|Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi (2)
|[[The Church of God in Sosabeol, Pyeongtaek, Korea|The Church of God in Sosabeol, Pyeongtaek]]
|Mar. 22–Jul. 25, 2018
|-
|62
|Mapo, Seoul (2)
|[[The Church of God in Sangam, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Sangam, Seoul]]
|May 3–Aug. 26, 2018
|-
|63
|Dobong, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Banghak, Dobong, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Banghak, Dobong, Seoul]]
|Aug. 30–Dec. 16, 2018
|-
|64
|Iksan, Jeonbuk
|[[The Church of God in Iksan, Korea|The Church of God in Iksan]]
|Feb. 14–Jun. 12, 2019
|-
|65
|Seongnam, Gyeonggi (3)
|[[The Church of God in Sangdaewon, Seongnam, Korea|The Church of God in Sangdaewon, Seongnam]]
|Mar. 21–Jun. 30, 2019
|-
|66
|Junggu, Ulsan
|[[The Church of God in Junggu, Ulsan, Korea|The Church of God in Junggu, Ulsan]]
|Jul. 11–Dec. 8, 2019
|-
|67
|Hwaseong, Gyeonggi
|[[The Church of God in Dongtan, Hwaseong, Korea|The Church of God in Dongtan, Hwaseong]]
|Jul. 15–Sep. 22, 2019
|-
|68
| rowspan="2" |Changwon, Gyeongnam (2)
| rowspan="2" |[[The Church of God in Uichang, Changwon, Korea|The Church of God in Uichang, Changwon]]
|Nov. 7, 2019–Jan. 19, 2020 (Temporarily closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
|-
|69
|Sep. 19, 2022–Mar. 3, 2023 (Second Session)
|-
|70
|Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi (2)
|[[The Church of God in Nakyang, Uijeongbu, Korea|The Church of God in Nakyang, Uijeongbu]]
|Oct. 27, 2022–Jun. 20, 2023
|-
|71
|Donggu, Daegu
|[[The Church of God in Banyawol, Daegu, Korea|The Church of God in Banyawol, Daegu]]
|Mar. 3, 2023–
|-
|72
|Jeonju, Jeonbuk (3)
|[[The Church of God in Hoseong, Jeonju, Korea|The Church of God in Hoseong, Jeonju]]
|Apr. 20, 2023–
|-
|73
|Gwanak, Seoul (2)
|[[The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul]]
|Aug. 24, 2023–
|}

===Mother Exhibition Overseas===
The enthusiasm ignited by the Mother Exhibition originating in Korea has spread to countries worldwide. In 2014, originating in the United States and extending to 13 exhibitions across countries such as Peru and Chile, the Mother Exhibition garnered enthusiastic responses from local citizens.

{{그림|미국 뉴욕 어머니전.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=The “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition in New York, NY, U.S.}}

In 2015, during the exhibition held in New York, U.S., the Brooklyn Borough awarded a certificate of commendation to the World Mission Society Church of God, in recognition of the exhibition’s positive impact on the community.<ref>[https://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=&nNewsNumb=201901100041 A Father, Silently Holding the Essence of Family Love in His Heart], ''Monthly Chosun'', January 2019</ref> In 2017, the Mother Exhibition was hosted at the annex of the La Cisterna City Hall in Santiago, Chile. At that time, prominent figures, including Humberto Schuffeneger, then Director of Religious Affairs for the Chilean Government, attended the exhibition. The then Director Schuffeneger lauded the Mother Exhibition, describing it as “a poignant journey back to one’s roots and a beautiful, poetic portrayal of family relationships centered on mothers.” He also expressed appreciation, saying, “It is wonderful that the exhibition is held in the warm setting called church.”<ref name="여성동아">[https://woman.donga.com/3/all/12/1088061/1 World Mission Society Church of God], ''Woman DongA,'' October 2017</ref>
===Exhibition ON Channel===
“[https://www.youtube.com/c/ChurchofGodEXHIBITION Exhibition ON]” is a YouTube channel operated by the Church of God, dedicated to producing and sharing videos showcasing works, stories, relevant news, and the Mother Exhibition and the [[‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition|“Father’s True Heart” Exhibition]] (hereinafter referred to as the Father Exhibition).

In early 2020, during the spread of COVID-19, the Church of God adhered to government guidelines for disease prevention. To mitigate virus transmission, offline exhibitions were transitioned to online platforms. Videos related to the exhibition were posted online, allowing people to continue sharing the emotional impact of the event during the isolating pandemic period.

The videos posted on “Exhibition ON” related to the Mother Exhibition include exhibition literary works and news about group visitors to the exhibition. The videos are uploaded to [https://watvmedia.org/en/ WATV Media Cast], too.

==Exhibition Reviews==
Following visits to the Mother Exhibition, reviews predominantly feature stories of individuals finding hope through maternal love and deepening family bonds. There are many reviews of group viewings from various fields such as schools, the military, police, and literary communities. Korean media outlets covered the exhibition in approximately 500 reports, giving it favorable reviews. Around 30 commendations and certificates of appreciation were awarded from both Korean and international government agencies and institutions.

===Visitor Reviews===
[[file:어머니전 학생 관람.jpg |thumb|300px |Students view the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition.]]
The Mother Exhibition rapidly attracted visitors as word spread of its reputation, “an exhibition where attendees entered with smiles and left in tears.”<ref>[https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/23595577#home Entering with a Smile, Exiting with Tears: The 67th ‘Our Mother’ Writing and Photo Exhibition], ''JoongAng Sunday'', October 5, 2019</ref> Individuals and family groups constitute a substantial portion of the visitors, with a noticeable rise in group visits from the military, police, and others who often spend extended periods away from their families. In 2016, a group of elderly Sakhalin Koreans who had permanently returned to Korea visited the exhibition. Reflecting on their mothers who had passed away long ago, they expressed gratitude to the church that orchestrated the exhibition.<ref>[https://watvmedia.org/ko/media/mother-met-again Reuniting with Mother in the Land of Korea], ''WATV MEDIA CAST''</ref>

The exhibition evokes emotions transcending cultural differences. A soldier who visited the Mother Exhibition in Peru expressed a desire to revisit his family. Former President of the Peruvian Supreme Court, Duberlí Apolinar Rodríguez Tineo, commented, “The noblest task one can undertake on this earth is being a mother. The exhibition teaches children to appreciate their mother's sacrifice.”<ref name="주간동아">[https://weekly.donga.com/culture/article/all/11/1464886/1 The Heart's Homeland: A Touching Exhibition Filled with Mother's Love], ''Weekly DongA'', September 18, 2018</ref>

In 2017, during a special Mother Exhibition at New Jerusalem Pangyo Temple, celebrating 600,000 visitors, over 200 international students from 43 countries visited. A Kazakhstan student remarked that the exhibited items used by mothers were strikingly similar to those in Kazakhstan. Having been in Korea for over a year, the sight of these items intensified his longing for his mother, nearly bringing tears to his eyes. Panko Panov, Deputy Head of Mission of the Bulgarian embassy in Korea, who attended the event, expressed gratitude for hosting a touching exhibition that invited foreigners under the theme of mother. He said, “The unique Korean sentiment and the biblical content made me reflect more deeply on the affection of Koreans and the love of a mother.”<ref>[http://www.kyeongin.com/main/view.php?key=20170725010008060 Encouraging International Students: 'Global Village Gathering], ''The Kyeongin Ilbo'', July 26, 2017</ref>

There are also many behind-the-scenes stories about family relationship reconciliation. A visitor from Siheung invited an acquaintance who was experiencing marital discord with her husband, to the Mother Exhibition to console her. The acquaintance was deeply moved upon viewing works depicting a mother’s unconditional devotion to her children despite challenging circumstances. Shortly thereafter she reconciled with her husband. She said, “When I am tired and weary, I will think of my children and protect my family,” vowing to live well as a ''guardian of her family''.<ref>[https://shindonga.donga.com/society/article/all/13/113634/5 Love, Gifted by the Heaven: Cherishing with a Mother's Heart], ''Shindonga,'' January 2015</ref>

Another housewife, who attended an exhibition in Pyeongtaek, shared changes in her household, saying, “Since my husband read a mother’s labor pains at the exhibition, his words and actions have changed. He now helps with household chores more frequently and more extensively than before.”<ref name="주간동아" /> After viewing the Mother Exhibition, there have been many cases where family relationships became stronger; a son in puberty reconciled with his mother after conflicts;<ref>[http://ourmother.kr/www/?page_id=4289 Adolescent Son Finds Resolution Amidst Wanderings], ''“Our Mother” Writing & Photo Exhibition Official Website''</ref> a son had an honest conversation with his mother to resolve long-standing misunderstandings.<ref>[http://ourmother.kr/www/?page_id=4289 Tearing Down the Unseen Walls with Mom], ''“Our Mother” Writing & Photo Exhibition Official Website''</ref>

In educational circles, there is an expectation that the Mother Exhibition will foster adolescent character education. Students and parents who have visited the exhibition often recommend it to their friends, children, and teachers. Various educational figures such as teachers, principals, and superintendents have attended, and there have been many group visits from middle schools, high schools, and universities.

A school inspector from Gyeonggi Province commented, “I believe the Mother Exhibition will be helpful in fostering emotions and character of children that are withering away.”<ref name="주간동아" /> Sanggye Jeil Middle School Principal Yoo Seok-beom expressed his thoughts, “I like the exhibition theme ''Mother'' because it is not religiously biased. I believe it will greatly help educate children’s characters. Through viewing the Mother Exhibition, I hope students will cherish their parents more, leading to happy families and harmonious neighborhoods.”<ref name="기호일보" /> 

'''Interviews'''
* Jonathan Lewis (U.S. Army Sergeant stationed in Korea): “The fact that children grow up through their mothers’ love and sacrifice is universally true, wherever you go in the world. Coming to Korea, I find myself thinking of my mom every morning. It is not at any particular time or place, but in daily life, I always miss and want to see her. Watching this exhibition, I felt my mother’s love tangibly in my heart, and I’ve received much comfort.”<ref>[https://weekly.khan.co.kr/khnm.html?www&mode=view&art_id=201511171127191&dept= <nowiki>[Culture] 'Our Mother': Portraying the Simple Life of Mothers</nowiki>], ''The Kyunghyang'', November 24, 2015</ref>

* Alexandra Roxana (a Romanian exchange student): “I believe that the ‘Our Mother’ Writing and Photo Exhibition will serve as a great opportunity to strengthen family relationships even more. After viewing it, it felt like everyone would have wanted to call their mothers. I myself wanted to call my mom so much throughout the exhibition.”<ref>[https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/21804919#home Exhibition: 'Our Mother' Writing and Photo Exhibition in Church of God], ''The JoongAng'', July 31, 2017</ref>

* Lee Gi-yong (Superintendent of Education in North Chungcheong Province, Korea/ Visitor to the Mother Exhibition in Daejeon Seo-gu in 2013): “I think it was a great decision to come. In the field of education, we always emphasize filial piety. I am grateful and thankful that such a meaningful event has been organized.”<ref>[https://www.chungnamilbo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=263850 The Church of God hosts 'Our Mother' Writing and Photo Exhibition], ''Chungnam Ilbo'', September 5, 2013</ref>

===Publication of a Book, ''Pillow My Head on Mother’s Arm''===
{{그림|엄마의 팔베개.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=220px |타이틀=The book, Pillow My Head on Mother’s Arm, is produced based on a survey of Mother Exhibition visitors.}}
The book, ''Pillow My Head on Mother’s Arm,'' is published by Melchizedek Publishing, based on a survey of 4,972 Mother Exhibition visitors to explore the meaning of mother. It selects 99 meanings and presents them in a dictionary format. It consists of the most universal and touching meanings of mother from the responses of the visitors, stories related to mother, and photographs displayed at the exhibition.

The book is divided into three sub-themes: Memories, Remorse, and Life. Under the theme of "Memories," there are nostalgic recollections with mother. In the theme of "Remorse," there are reflections and regrets concerning mother. In the theme of "Life," there is content reminding us that mother is the source of happiness. After examining all 99 meanings of mother, the 100th meaning appears as a blank space, which is left for the readers to fill in themselves.<ref>[https://www.ajunews.com/view/20170404145005110 A Mother's Arm Pillow, Comforting Hearts from Weary Everyday Life], ''Aju News'', April 4, 2017</ref>

===Media Reports About the Exhibition===
Since its first opening in June 2013, the Mother Exhibition has been covered in Korean media outlets over 500 times. They praised the positive effects of the exhibition, describing it as comforting and bringing happiness to individuals weary of modern life with mothers’ love. They referred to the Mother Exhibition as “an exhibition reflecting on human life through mothers’ love and sacrifice”<ref>[https://shindonga.donga.com/3/all/13/1298823/1 Tears-Formed Words: Mother], ''Shindonga'', May 2018</ref> and also say that it “awakens what is most valuable and precious to busy modern individuals.”<ref>[News Today] 'Our Mother' Writing and Photo Exhibition, ''MBC Gyeongnam'', January 24, 2014</ref>

They evaluated the Mother Exhibition as a display that promotes family love by reporting various cases where families overcame crises and restored familial affection through the exhibition. They noted that the Mother Exhibition transcends generations. Soldiers and conscripted policemen who live far away from their families visited the exhibition in groups and expressed that it served as a comforting space that soothed their longing.<ref name="인천일보">[https://www.incheonilbo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=712055 The Church of God: 'Our Mother' Writing and Photo Exhibition], ''Incheon Ilbo'', June 17, 2016</ref> The media also reported that the exhibition provides warmth with an analog sensibility to teenagers accustomed to digital technology, while offering the older generation an opportunity to evoke nostalgia and awaken memories of their mothers, thereby strengthening family ties.<ref>[http://www.kyeongin.com/main/view.php?key=20190718010007070 <nowiki>[Church of God] The Grace Reappearing of the 'Mother' Who Lamented Despite Giving Everything</nowiki>], ''The Kyeongin Ilbo'', July 22, 2019</ref>

The media highlighted that the Mother Exhibition is gaining attention as a cultural hub, offering a warm space for cultural exchange and communication within local communities and also providing opportunities for emotional development among local residents.<ref name="인천일보" />

===Awards===
Local governments and various organizations from around the world highly evaluated the positive effects of the Mother Exhibition on local communities and awarded 30 citations and plaques of appreciation.

In Korea, it received citations from the district office, the National Assembly, and the Gimhae Branch of the Korean Association of Artistic and Cultural Organization for its commitment to fostering vibrant and harmonious communities through exhibitions.<ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/award/465 Plaque of Appreciation from Head of Masanhappo District, Changwon City, South Gyeongsang Province], ''WATV AWARD'', March 9, 2014</ref><ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/award/468 Certificate of Recognition from National Assemblymember], ''WATV AWARD'', March 9, 2014</ref><ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/award/470 Certificate of Recognition from National Assemblymember], ''WATV AWARD'', March 9, 2014</ref><ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/award/469 Certificate of Recognition from National Assemblymember], ''WATV AWARD'', March 9, 2014</ref> In the Brooklyn Borough of New York, NY, U.S., the Church of God, the organizer of the Mother Exhibition, was honored by the local community with a certificate of recognition. The award recognized the church’s positive impact on the local community, improving the lives of many people, and inspiring many citizens.<ref name="여성동아" />
[[file:뉴욕 시 브루클린 구청장 어머니전 표창장.png |thumb| 220px |Citation from Brooklyn Borough, NY, U.S.<ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/award/798 Citation from President of Borough of Brooklyn, NY], ''WATV AWARD'', November 29, 2015</ref>]]

==External links==
*[http://ourmother.kr/www/ “Our Mother” Writing & Photo Exhibition Official Website]
*[https://www.youtube.com/@wmscog_exhibition "Exhibition ON" Youtube Channel]

==See also==
*[[The Church of God’s Community Service Activities]]
*[[Church of God Family & Neighborhood Communication Support]]
*[[‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition]]

==Related videos==
*'''[Invitation] “Our Mother” Writing & Photo Exhibition, Church of God's Mother Exhibition'''
<youtube>xuPO5CdftdE</youtube>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Church of God]]
[[Category:Community Service]]

‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition

2026-04-23T08:39:42Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:진심, 아버지를 읽다'전]]{{그림|진심아버지를읽다_시.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=270px |타이틀=The work, ''Mountain'', from “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition}}
The “Father’s true Heart” Exhibition is organized by the [[World Mission Society Church of God]] and hosted by Melchizedek Publishing Company. It is a follow-up exhibition to the [[“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition]]. This exhibition was held to illuminate the silent life and love of fathers through various artworks, resonating gently in the hearts of modern people. It aimed to facilitate the restoration of familial bonds, intergenerational communication, and harmony.

Since its initial launch in February 2019 at the Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Rep of Korea (hereinafter referred to as Korea), the exhibition has been held five times in cities such as Busan, Daejeon, and Gwangju, Korea. Throughout these events, it attracted a total of 130,000 visitors.

==Exhibition Purpose and Intention==
===The Follow-Up Exhibition to the ‘Our Mother’ Writing and Photo Exhibition===
{{그림|아버지전을 찾은 중장년층의 남성 관람객들.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=320px |타이틀=Middle-aged and elderly male visitors look around the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition.}}
The Church of God has been organizing exhibitions, following the nationwide success of the [[“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition]] (hereinafter referred to as Mother Exhibition) in 2013. Many visitors who were deeply moved by reflecting on mothers’ love during the Mother Exhibition requested an exhibition focusing on fathers’ love. In response, the Church of God hosted the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition (hereinafter referred to as the Father Exhibition), featuring the life and love of fathers.<ref name="월간조선">[http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=F&nNewsNumb=201901100041 Not knowing how to explain the meaning of family love, Father buried it in his heart.], ''The Monthly Chosun Magazine'', January 2019</ref> After a brief initial opening at the Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, in December 2018, the exhibition officially commenced in February 2019. 

===Strengthening Family Love===
{{그림|진심아버지를읽다_작품을관람중인가족.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=320px |타이틀=The family visitors take commemorative photos at the photo zone.}}
Since ancient times, fathers have been educators who teach their children, role models who pass on their work ethic, and the support of the family, taking full responsibility for household finances and family assets. Fathers in their 50s and older in Korea, born during the baby boomer era, played a significant role in revitalizing the Korean economy by actively participating in major historical events such as the Vietnam War,<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history Vietnam War], ''History.com'', March 28, 2023</ref> working as miners in Germany<ref>[https://thediplomat.com/2023/05/the-hidden-history-of-korean-labor-migrants-in-germany/ The Hidden History of Korean Labor Migrants in Germany], The Koreas, ''The Diplomat'', May 31, 2023</ref> and as construction workers in the Middle East.<ref>''MBC Korea Production Team'', 70th Anniversary of Korea's Liberation Special Documentary, May 1, 2015</ref> However, with social changes, there has been a sharp increase in family breakdowns, and the absence of conversation and communication within family members has become widespread, resulting in fathers gradually losing their presence in the household.<ref>[https://studyfinds.org/american-families-spend-37-minutes-quality-time/ American families spend just 37 minutes of quality time together per day], ''Study Finds'', March 21, 2018</ref><ref>[https://news.umich.edu/time-u-s-children-spend-with-their-fathers-and-what-they-do/ Time U.S. children spend with their fathers, and what they do], Office of the Vice President for Communications, ''The Regents of the University of Michigan''</ref><ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-14/middle-aged-men-experiencing-high-level-loneliness/102563492 Middle-aged men are among the loneliest in Australia. What could help to change that?], ''ABC News'', July 14, 2023</ref>

The Church of God organized the Father Exhibition to acknowledge the efforts and tender sincerity of all fathers, hoping to help families in modern society regain a sense of unity and strengthen weakened family bonds. The exhibition encourages viewers to read the stories about fathers depicted in the artworks and understand the sincerity of fathers.<ref>[https://woman.donga.com/3/all/12/1676693/1 "Our Mother" Writing & Photo Exhibition and the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition], ''Woman DongA'', March 22, 2019</ref> The younger generation can empathize with the steadfast love of fathers, which may have gone unnoticed, by reflecting on the lives of their fathers’ generation that they themselves haven’t experienced. Meanwhile, the older generation can foster intergenerational communication not only by reflecting on their own lives but also on family relationships. Newcomers to the workforce, expectant fathers, and fathers raising young children can find direction and gain courage in their lives by learning from the examples of preceding fathers. 

===Comforting Modern People===
{{그림|아버지전 관람객.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=320px|타이틀=Visitors peer at the trinkets stained with their fathers’ fingerprints.}}
Another purpose of hosting the Father Exhibition is to provide solace to modern people exhausted by hectic daily routines and stress. Modern people are enduring physically and mentally exhausting lives amidst fierce competition in various arenas such as schools and workplaces, all in the pursuit of survival in an endless competitive society.<ref>[https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/14/burnout-is-on-the-rise-gen-z-millennials-and-women-are-the-most-stressed.html#:~:text=Of%2010%2C243%20full%2Dtime%20desk,of%20energy%20depletion%20and%20negativism. Burnout is on the rise worldwide—and Gen Z, young millennials and women are the most stressed], Get Ahead, ''CNBC Make it'', March 13, 2023</ref> The Church of God planned the Father Exhibition with the hope that the church members and their neighbors would find comfort and strength through the exhibition, following the teaching of [[God]], “Love your neighbor as yourself.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+22%3A39&version=NIV |title=Matthew 22:39 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

In a survey conducted by the Church of God among 1,357 visitors, the most common response to the question about the meaning of fatherhood was “support.” Indeed, fathers provide strong comfort just by being by our side.

The Church of God aimed to sum up the steadfast love of fathers, akin to a sturdy pillar of a house, in the exhibition, hoping to provide modern people with an opportunity to find solace and take a momentary respite from their weary hearts.<ref>[http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=E&nNewsNumb=201901100042 World Mission Society Church of God General Pastor Joo-Cheol Kim, "Heaven's system is the family system. . . 'God's Love' is practiced worldwide by serving, volunteering, with filial piety and friendship"], Interview, ''The Monthly Chosun Magazine'', January 2019</ref> 

==Structure of the ‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition==
{{그림|사진 작품 '다시 만날 때까지'를 감상하고 있는 군인.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=320px |타이틀=A soldier on vacation visits the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition.}}
The Father Exhibition consists of a main exhibition featuring literary works, photos, and memorabilia, as well as experiential spaces such as a video literature hall, “True Heart” through statistics, a photo zone, a heartfelt post office, and a book café.
===Main Exhibition===
The main exhibition hall features over 200 literary works, including writings by established authors such as Park Mok-wol, Lee Hyun-se, and Jung Ho-seung, works by literature club members, and the readers’ contributions, including their writings, photographs, and memorabilia, submitted to Melchizedek Publishing Company.

The works submitted by literary club members and readers include poems, essays, columns, photographs, and memorabilia that contain stories and memories of fathers. The exhibition showcases a variety of memorabilia, ranging from the items imbued with tender memories between fathers and children to the objects used by fathers who experienced significant events in Korean modern history. Depending on the unique features of the exhibition venue, writings by local authors may be added or props may be changed accordingly. The exhibition hall is organized into five themes under the subtitle, “On That Silent Love,” Hall 1. “Father’s Home,” Hall 2. “I’m Okay,” Hall 3. “. . . ,” Hall 4. “That’s What a Father Is,” Hall 5. “I Came to Find the Lost.” To help visitors evoke memories of their own fathers, each sub-theme is created using common phrases frequently spoken by fathers in their everyday lives.

The entrance of the exhibition hall is adorned with wrought iron gates, and on the doorplate, the most common name among men born during the Korean baby boomer era, “Young-soo,” is engraved to enhance empathy.<ref>[https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20160507037800004 Names preferred by time period, 1940's Yeongsoo, Youngja to 2010's Minjun, Seoyeon], ''Yonhap News'', May 9, 2016</ref><ref>[https://www.busan.com/view/busan/view.php?code=2019100218235367471 A time to reflect on our fathers who protected the family with the weight of life.], ''Busan Ilbo'', October 2, 2019</ref> In each hall, there are themed prop zones installed to complement the respective themes.{{앨범
|정렬=가운데
|그림1={{그림|외출 멜기세덱출판사.jpg|타이틀=The photograph titled ''Going Out'' from “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition}}
|그림2={{그림|진심아버지를읽다_23시-55분.jpg|타이틀=The photograph titled ''Cultivation'' from “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition}}
|그림3={{그림|아버지전 전시장 내부.jpg|타이틀=Inside the Exhibition Hall of the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition}}
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|- style="background-color:#FDF5E6; text-align:center;"
|'''Themes'''
|'''Content'''
|-
|Hall 1. “Father’s Home”
|Sweet childhood memories related to fathers
|-
|Hall 2. “I’m Okay”
|The daily life of fathers who have devoted themselves to their families from behind the scenes
|-
|Hall 3. “. . .”
|The inner thoughts of fathers who have always maintained silence
|-
|Hall 4. “That’s What a Father Is”
|Father’s endless love for family
|-
|Hall 5. “I Came to Find the Lost”
|Father and the paternal love written in the Bible
|-
|}
Collections of artworks and explanations translated into English, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Mongolian, Vietnamese, Nepali, and other languages are also available for foreign visitors. 

===Side Events===
Various side events have been arranged to allow visitors to engrave the love of fathers more deeply in their hearts. 
{{그림|통계로 보는 진심.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=Students examine survey results about fathers’ true hearts.}}
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|- style="background-color:#FDF5E6; text-align:center;"
| '''Events'''
|'''Content'''
|-
|Heartfelt Post Office
|Visitors can express their true hearts they haven’t conveyed to their fathers by writing letters or postcards. Letters have long writing spaces for expressing personal feelings, and postcards contain photographs exhibited in the Father Exhibition. The written letters and postcards are delivered through the organizer’s complimentary postal service.
|-
|True Heart in Statistics
|Survey statistics depict how fathers and children perceive each other. You can discover the true heart of fathers and children that you may not have realized before.
|-
|}

===“One More Handspan” Campaign===
{{그림|한뼘더 캠페인 홈페이지 캡쳐.png |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px|타이틀=The “One More Handspan” Campaign on the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition Website}}
As part of the Father Exhibition, the Church of God is conducting the [https://thankfather.org/campaign/ “One More Handspan” Campaign] to promote family love. The title implies the hope for restoring strained relationships between fathers and children, fostering stronger family bonds, and bringing hearts closer by just one more handspan. The campaign is carried out both online and offline, including on the [https://thankfather.org/ official website of the Father Exhibition], at the exhibition venue, and in nearby locations.

The campaign consists of various experiential services, including surveys targeting fathers and children, tests measuring the emotional distance between fathers and children, webtoons and videos featuring anecdotes about fathers and children, and downloadable emoticons expressing family love. The online campaign consists of four steps.
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|- style="background-color:#FDF5E6; text-align:center;"
|'''Step'''
|'''Content'''
|-
|Step 1. Rediscover Your Father
|Watch videos and webtoons on the theme of family love. (Available for viewing on WATV Media Cast and YouTube channel “Exhibition ON”)
|-
|Step 2. How Distant Are You From Your Father?
|Measure the psychological distance from your father. (Participants will receive family love-themed emoticons upon participation.)
|-
|Step 3. What Is Your True Heart?
|Participate in a survey and review the results on how fathers and children perceive each other. (Participants will receive family love-themed emoticons upon participation.)
|-
|Step 4. Send Your True Heart
|Send the emoticons received in Step 2 and 3 to your father or child via mobile.
|-
|}

==The Current Status of the ‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition==
Since its initial opening at the Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Korea, in February 2019, the Father Exhibition has garnered significant interest from visitors. In September 2019, it was simultaneously held at the Church of God in Suyeong, Busan, Korea, further expanding its reach and attracting a large audience. For one year, the exhibition drew over 110,000 visitors, with each venue experiencing a steady stream of visitors throughout the day.

Visitors of various ages from students to the elderly attended the exhibition. Additionally, people from various sectors such as cultural, legal, political, and educational fields also visited. Since father’s love transcends religion, people from different religious backgrounds also visited the exhibition.<ref>[https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/23595576#home Silent Love Behind Father's Smile], ''JoongAng SUNDAY'', ''The JoongAng'', October 5, 2019</ref> Visitors often came to the exhibition after reading newspaper articles about it.<ref name="관악publisher">[https://관악publisher.kr/13054 Meeting Father's Love Silent as a Mountain], ''Gwanak Journal'', March 25, 2019</ref>

Due to overwhelming local interest and a surge in visitors, both the Seoul and Busan exhibitions were extended beyond their originally planned durations. From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, the exhibition expanded its offline exhibition area online, uploading exhibition artworks and meeting visitors through online platforms. As the momentum of the pandemic eased, the exhibition resumed on September 15, 2022, at the Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul. On September 29, 2022, it opened at the Church of God in Seo-gu, Daejeon, and on February 23, 2023, at the Church of God in Seo-gu, Gwangju.
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|+'''History of the “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition'''
|- style="color:; background-color:#FDF5E6; text-align:center;"
|'''Times'''
|'''Area'''
|'''Venue'''
|'''Period'''
|-
|1
|Gwanak in Seoul (1)
|[[Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul]]
|February 28, 2019 – January 19, 2020 (Temporarily closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
|-
|2
|Suyeong in Busan
|[[Church of God in Suyeong, Busan, Korea|The Church of God in Suyeong, Busan]]
|September 26, 2019 – January 17, 2020
|-
|3
|Gwanak in Seoul (2)
|[[Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul]]
|September 15, 2022 – June 22, 2023
|-
|4
|Seo-gu in Daejeon
|[[Church of God in Seogu, Daejeon, Korea|The Church of God in Seogu, Daejeon]]
|September 29, 2022 – February 28, 2023
|-
|5
|Seo-gu in Gwangju
|[[Church of God in Seogu, Gwangju, Korea|The Church of God in Seogu, Gwangju]]
|February 23, 2023 – August 30, 2023
|-
|6
|Euichang in Changwon
|[[Church of God in Euichang, Changwon, Korea|The Church of God in Euichang, Changwon]]
|April 13, 2023 –
|-
|7
|Imae in Seongnam
|[[The New Jerusalem Imae Temple]]
|August 17, 2023 –
|-
|8
|Wonju
|[[Church of God in Wonju, Korea|The Church of God in Wonju]]
|November 2, 2023 –
|}

===Character Education in Connection With the Exhibition===
The Church of God conducted character education linked with the exhibitions to nurture upright character and warm personality in growing youth, aiming to bridge the gap with the parent generation and enable them to become strong pillars of society.

The education took place at the Church of God in Suyeong, Busan, and the Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, where the exhibitions were being held. About 2,500 students and parents attended the event in Busan alone. An inspiring lecture introduced Korean modern and contemporary history and encouraged the youth not to lose their dreams despite any difficulties, leaving a significant impact on them.<ref>[https://www.kyeonggi.com/2225421 Church of God Hosts Youth Character Training to Share Dreams and Hopes], ''Kyeonggi'', January 10, 2020</ref>

High school student Cho Na-young, who participated in the education, said, “Listening to the stories that I had seen in photos and writings at the Father Exhibition made them even more vivid.” She also recalled learning at school, “History repeats itself,” and added, “The difficult times experienced by the older generation serve as a model for us, helping us overcome difficult times when we encounter them. I think it is important to listen to and understand the stories of adults.”<ref>[https://www.shinailbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1240047 Church of God Hosts Youth Character Training to Share Dreams and Hopes], ''Shinailbo'', January 7, 2020</ref>

The adults also mentioned that it became an opportunity to understand and appreciate their parent generation. Mr. Park Bong-cheol, in his 50s, said, “I’ve realized that the hardships our parents endured were not just for themselves but for the future generations like us. I am grateful for their courage to overcome all difficulties with the determination not to pass on the irrationality, inconvenience, and poverty they experienced to the next generation, and finally to leave a better environment to us. I hope that our society will embrace each other, rather than oppose each other for their own purposes.”<ref>[https://weekly.donga.com/3/all/11/1948461/1 Church of God, A Guide for Upright Personality and Hopeful Dream], ''Weekly DongA'', January 16, 2016</ref> 

===‘Exhibition ON’ Channel ===
When the COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020, the Church of God suspended the offline operation of the Mother Exhibition and Father Exhibition in compliance with government guidelines to prevent the spread of the virus. Instead, the church took proactive steps by launching a YouTube channel titled [https://www.youtube.com/c/ChurchofGodEXHIBITION “Exhibition ON”] and sharing exhibition-related videos online. This initiative aimed to ensure that people could still experience and share the emotional impact of the exhibitions, particularly during the isolating times of the pandemic.

Currently, the videos related to the Father Exhibition posted on “Exhibition ON” include a variety of content: exhibition literary artworks, anecdotes about props, an introduction to the Father Exhibition, a campaign video cartoon titled “One More Handspan,” and documentaries. The channel’s videos can also be viewed on [https://watvmedia.org/en WATV Media Cast].

==Evaluation on the Exhibition==
The Father Exhibition gained prominence with coverage in over 60 major domestic newspapers, magazines, TV channels, and other media outlets. One broadcasting company aired an interview video about the Church of God and the Father Exhibition for about 50 minutes. The media acclaimed the Father Exhibition hosted by the Church of God, recognizing it not only as a source of consoling for modern people burdened by societal pressures but also as an occasion to affirm family love and foster communication with local communities.<ref name="주간동아">[https://weekly.donga.com/3/all/11/1948497/1 A Step to World’s Happiness for Family, Neighbors, and Whole Mankind], ''Weekly DongA'', January 16, 2020</ref>

A few visitors were motivated to visit the exhibition venue after seeing media coverage. After reading a newspaper article, Mr. Han Gi-deuk traveled from Pohang to the Church in Gwanak, Seoul, to see the exhibition. He shared his impressions, “While viewing the exhibition, I found myself contemplating on whether I, as a father, am fulfilling my role properly. Today’s visit served as an opportunity for me to reflect on the responsibilities of fatherhood.”<ref name="관악publisher" />

Since the resumption of exhibitions in 2022, visits by people from all walks of life, including those from the political, legal, government, economic, cultural, and media circles, are becoming more active. Visitors from diverse age groups, ranging from students to the elderly, praised the exhibition for providing them with opportunities to understand paternal love.<ref name="관악publisher" /> The novelist Kim Jeong-hyeon, who wrote the novel, ''Father'', described the Father Exhibition as “a space where one can read the true heart of fathers, who are always the objects of caution, in their relationships with their wives, children, and society.”<ref name="주간동아" /> Kim Ha-young from Suwon said, “I remembered my father, who always sends letters filled with thoughts of his children even when he’s away from home.”<ref name="월간조선" /> 

'''Interviews'''
*Kim Jeong-hyeon, Novelist: “The destiny of a father in a world where challenges loom large and reality is unforgiving. Yet, may I educate without instilling greed, restrain words of bitterness to prevent discord, nurture with love, and strive to be a joyful father. As a father, I must tread upright, not bowed by adversity, enduring with patience to lessen shame, and skillfully handling these demanding responsibilities. I am reaffirmed once again at the ‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition.”<ref name="주간조선">[https://weekly.chosun.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=14865 <nowiki>[Exhibition] Meeting ‘Father’ in Exhibition</nowiki>], ''Weekly Chosun'', October 10, 2019</ref> 
*Enkhchuluun, Director of Administration at New Ulaanbaatar International Airport, Mongolia: “It felt like meeting my own father. A warm energy seemed to be embracing me”<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/@wmscog_exhibition/videos Father’s True Heart Exhibition_World Mission Society Church of God], ''Exhibition ON, Church of God'', YouTube Channel</ref>
*Paul Fernando Duclos Parodi(Ambassador of Peru to the Republic of Korea): "I have realized that fatherhood is a universal concept. This exhibition has made me feel a lot."<ref>[https://jmagazine.joins.com/monthly/view/338426 <nowiki>[Culture Special] Touching Emotions of Deep Paternal Love: ”Father’s True Heart” Exihibition</nowiki>], ''Monthly JoongAng'', September 2023</ref>

==External links==
*[https://thankfather.org/ ‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition]
*[https://www.youtube.com/@wmscog_exhibition Exhibition ON / Church of God]

==See also==
*[[The Church of God’s Community Service Activities]]
*[[Church of God Family & Neighborhood Communication Support]]
*[[“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition]]

==Related videos==
*'''‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition'''
<youtube>vGAZ3d_zKqw</youtube>

*'''[Invitation] ‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition, Church of God Father's Exhibition'''
<youtube>JThIRhvy5tE</youtube>

==References==
<references />

[[Category: Church of God]]
[[Category: Community Service]]

“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition

2026-04-23T08:38:55Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:우리 어머니' 글과 사진전]]{{그림|유년의 해 질 녘.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=“Twilight of Childhood” from the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition}}
The '''“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition''' is organized by the [[World Mission Society Church of God]] and hosted by Melchizedek Publishing. The exhibition aims to provide solace to people in modern times through the nurturing love of mothers and foster stronger familial bonds.

Since its inaugural opening at the Church of God in Gangnam, Seoul, Republic of Korea (hereinafter referred to as Korea) in June 2013, the exhibition has been hosted 73 times in various cities in Korea such as Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Daejeon, and Incheon, attracting over 890,000 visitors in total. Expanding the exhibition even to other countries including the United States, Chile and Peru, it recalled the appreciation for maternal love among people all over the world.

==The Purpose of Exhibition==

===Comforting Weary Hearts===
Today is often referred to as an era of “poverty in abundance.” This phenomenon is attributed to the widespread materialism and individualism in society, where people cannot attain satisfaction and happiness due to fierce competition and the demands of daily life.<ref>[https://articlearchives.co/index.php/JBD/article/download/1803/1784 A Comparative Study of Social Comparison, Materialism, and Subjective Well-Being in the U. S., China, Croatia, and India], Jie G. McCardle, ''Journal of Business Diversity'', Vol. 19(5) 2019</ref>

Practicing love for neighbors and helping those in need are recognized as fundamental social responsibilities of the church and essential virtues among believers.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=luke+10%3A30-37&version=NIV Luke 10:30-37]</ref> The Church of God organized the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition (hereinafter referred to as the Mother Exhibition) to comfort weary hearts and fill desolate souls with love in contemporary times.<ref>[https://woman.donga.com/people/article/all/12/146725/1 The Narrative Unveiled: 'Our Mother' Writing and Photo Exhibition], ''Woman DongA'', April 15, 2014</ref>{{그림|판교성전 어머니전 관람.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=Visitors view the exhibition at New Jerusalem Pangyo Temple.}}
The Mother Exhibition explores the theme of maternal love and sacrifice. Mother’s love is the universal and greatest love of humanity, transcending borders and cultures. Mothers provide comfort, strength, attention, affection, and unwavering support, making them a source of solace for many people. Organized by the Church of God, the exhibition aims to inspire, console, and uplift people in modern times through artworks that depict maternal love. It is hoped that the emotional resonance and comfort conveyed by the exhibition will lay the foundation for a harmonious world where people empathize, communicate, and coexist warmly with one another.

===Fostering''' '''Familial Affection===
{{그림|어머니전 관람 가족, 아기 사진.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=A family views the Mother Exhibition together.}}
In contemporary society, within busy daily schedules, there is less time for in-person interactions among family members and fewer opportunities for meaningful conversations. The issue of family dissolution is growing severe day by day, driven by economic hardships, communication deficits, and other contributing factors.<ref>[http://encyclopedia.uia.org/en/problem/family-breakdown Family breakdown], ''The Encyclopedia of World Problems''</ref> Another purpose of the Mother Exhibition is to foster familial affection. The Church of God promotes the establishment of harmonious and joyful homes by facilitating opportunities for mutual understanding and empathy among family members through the Mother Exhibition. The Mother Exhibition serves to deepen students’ understanding of their parents’ generation and promote awareness of the significance of filial piety. Moreover, it offers the older generation an opportunity to foster empathy with their children and bridge the generation gap.

==“Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition Content==
The Mother Exhibition features a main exhibition comprising literary works, photographs, memorabilia items, and more. Additionally, there are side events offering experiential spaces such as a video literature, photo zone, and love mailbox. In expansive exhibition halls, international works from the Mother Exhibitions held abroad are also presented.

===Main Exhibition===
{{그림|우리 어머니전 전시장.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px|타이틀=In the exhibition hall, visitors are welcomed by a variety of works including writings, photographs, and memorabilia items.}}
The main exhibition features works by renowned writers such as poets Moon Byung-ran, Kim Cho-hye, Heo Hyeong-man, and Park Hyo-seok. It also showcases literary contributions from various literary clubs, including around 200 memorabilia items, writings, and photographs from readers of Melchizedek Publishing. These submissions from literary enthusiasts encompass a range of compositions, including poems, essays, columns filled with anecdotes and reminiscences about mothers, as well as photographs and various items imbued with the essence of motherhood. Depending on the exhibition's location, contributions from local writers may be included, and items adjusted accordingly.

The exhibition consists of five themes under the subtitle “Sacrifice, Love, Compassion, Remorse . . . Oh, Mother!” These themes are as follows: Zone A “Mother”; Zone B “She”; Zone C “Again, Mother”; Zone D “I’m Okay,” and Zone E “Mother in the Bible.”
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|- style="color:white; background-color:#F08080; text-align:center;"
|'''Theme'''
|'''Content'''
|-
|Zone A: “Mother”
|Heartwarming and touching stories from childhood related to mothers
|-
|Zone B: “She”
|The daily life and routines of mothers, who gave up their lives as a woman
|-
|Zone C: “Again, Mother”
|Children’s remorse toward their mothers
|-
|Zone D: “I’m Okay”
|The boundless forgiveness and love of mothers
|-
|Zone E: “Mother in the Bible”
|Maternal love and the depiction of mothers in the Bible
|-
|}

For foreign visitors, the collection of works is translated into multiple languages: English, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Mongolian, Vietnamese, and Nepali.

===Additional Events===
Adjacent to the main exhibition hall, a variety of additional events are provided for visitors to engage in firsthand, such as viewing animated children’s stories and documentaries, taking photographs, and writing postcards.
{{그림|어머니전 사랑의 우편함.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=After viewing the Mother Exhibition together, a group of soldiers write postcards to their mothers at the “Mailbox of Love” corner.}}
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|-style="color:white; background-color:#F08080; text-align:center;"
|'''Additional Events'''
|'''Content'''
|-
|Video Literature
|Animations, documentaries, and other films are shown, focusing on the theme of maternal love and sacrifice.
|-
|Mailbox of Love
|Visitors write and send postcards with messages they haven’t had the chance to say to their mothers before. They can select from five types of postcards adorned with flower illustrations, each bearing messages such as “I Love You,” “I’m Sorry,” “Thank You,” “I Miss You,” and “Much Appreciated.” The postcards will be sent via the organizer’s complimentary postal service.
|-
|Photo Zone: “Say Eomonee (Mother)”
|Complimentary photo shooting and printing services are provided to visitors.
|-
|Book Cafe
|Visitors can enjoy the exhibition’s emotional impact while sipping tea at the venue where the literary anthologies published by Melchizedek Publishing are displayed.
|-
|}
{{그림|어머니전 포토존.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=Visitors taking family photos at a 'photo zone'}}

===Additional Exhibition===
In a specific exhibition venue, an additional exhibit titled the “Peru Special Exhibition” has been arranged to display works from the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition held in Peru. Through these works portraying Peru’s unique culture, visitors can gain insight into the lives and maternal love shared by mothers worldwide.
{{그림|페루 어머니전 작품.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=A work titled “Memory” from the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition in Peru: The image shows a smiling mother, carrying a child in Peru’s traditional cloth known as Lliclla. }}

==Current Status of “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition==
Since its inception at the Church of God in Gangnam, Seoul, Korea, on June 20, 2013, the Mother Exhibition has been held 73 times across the nation until January 2024, attracting over 890,000 visitors.

The venues for the Mother Exhibition are various Churches of God located throughout the nation. Centered around the universal theme of ''motherhood'', the exhibition is cherished by locals as a cultural destination where visitors from diverse backgrounds can engage comfortably. In 2015, Park Heung-sik, Head of Paldal District, Suwon, Korea, attended the Mother Exhibition hosted at the Church of God in Paldal, Suwon. He remarked, “I believe there is no need to be sensitive about religion when visiting the Mother Exhibition. I hope many people attend the exhibition and reflect on their lives while thinking of their mothers.”<ref>[https://www.kihoilbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=637888&replyAll=&reply_sc_order_by=C I Love You, Even the Traces of Time], ''Kiho Ilbo'', January 27, 2016</ref>

Visitors to the exhibition encompassed a wide spectrum, ranging from students to the elderly, representing diverse sectors including culture, law, politics, and education. As word spread, group visits were organized from various institutions such as schools, military bases, police stations, cultural associations, disability organizations, senior universities, and corporate entities. Due to increased local interest and patronage, many exhibitions were extended beyond their originally scheduled durations.

In 2015, Editha C. Escama, Vice Mayor of Quezon City, Philippines, visited Korea and attended the Mother Exhibition at the Church of God in Yeongdeungpo, Seoul. She commented, “Each work was touching. As I viewed the exhibition, memories of my mother came flooding back. I eagerly anticipate the day when Korean members will host the Mother Exhibition in the Philippines, too.”<ref name="기호일보">[https://economist.co.kr/article/view/ecn201605090019 Love Your Neighbor with a Mother's Heart], ''Economist'', May 9, 2016</ref>

Since early 2020, in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the offline exhibitions expanded to online exhibitions delivered via “[https://watvmedia.org/en/ WATV Media Cast]” and the YouTube channel “[https://www.youtube.com/c/ChurchofGodEXHIBITION Exhibition ON].” On September 19, 2022, as the pandemic’s impact began to diminish, the exhibition resumed at the Church of God in Uichang, Changwon. A month later, on October 27, it was hosted at the Church of God in Nagyang, Uijeongbu, followed by another exhibition on March 3, 2023, at the Church of God in Banyawol, Daegu.
{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white;"
|+'''Chronology of the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition'''
|- style="color:white; background-color:#F08080; text-align:center;"
|'''Time'''
|'''Exhibition Area'''
|'''Exhibition Venue'''
|'''Exhibition Start Date–End Date'''
|-
|1
|Gangnam. Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Gangnam, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gangnam, Seoul]]
| Jun. 20–Jul. 4, 2013 / Aug. 29–Sep. 9, 2013 (Encore)
|-
|2
|Seogu, Daejeon (1)
|[[The Church of God in Seogu, Daejeon, Korea|The Church of God in Seogu, Daejeon]]
|Sep. 5–Nov. 15, 2013
|-
|3
|Junggu, Incheon
|[[The Church of God in Nakseom, Incheon, Korea|The Church of God in Nakseom, Incheon]]
|Sep. 10–Nov. 24, 2013
|-
|4
|Suyeong, Busan
|[[The Church of God in Suyeong, Busan, Korea|The Church of God in Suyeong, Busan]]
|Sep. 24, 2013–Jan. 8, 2014
|-
|5
|Bukgu, Daegu
|[[The Church of God in Bukgu, Daegu, Korea|The Church of God in Bukgu, Daegu]]
|Oct. 4–Dec. 26, 2013
|-
|6
|Seogu, Gwangju
|[[The Church of God in Seogu, Gwangju, Korea|The Church of God in Seogu, Gwangju]]
|Oct. 17–Dec. 24, 2013
|-
|7
|Bukgu, Ulsan
|[[The Church of God in Bukgu, Ulsan, Korea|The Church of God in Bukgu, Ulsan]]
|Oct. 31, 2013–Feb. 28, 2014
|-
|8
|Dongdaemun, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Dongdaemun, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Dongdaemun, Seoul]]
|Nov. 19, 2013–Jan. 24, 2014
|-
|9
|Suwon, Gyeonggi (1)
|[[The Church of God in Yeongtong, Suwon, Korea|The Church of God in Yeongtong, Suwon]]
|Nov. 26, 2013–Feb. 28, 2014
|-
|10
|Jeonju, Jeonbuk (1)
|[[The Church of God in Deokjin, Jeonju, Korea|The Church of God in Deokjin, Jeonju]]
|Dec. 5, 2013–Mar. 23, 2014
|-
|11
|Changwon, Gyeongnam (1)
|[[The Church of God in Happo, Changwon, Korea|The Church of God in Happo, Changwon]]
|Jan. 23–Mar. 9, 2014
|-
|12
|Ansan, Gyeonggi
|[[The Church of God in Jungang, Ansan, Korea|The Church of God in Jungang, Ansan]]
|Feb. 6–May 21, 2014
|-
|13
|Gwanak, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul]]
|Feb. 20–May 21, 2014
|-
|14
|Chuncheon, Gangwon
|[[The Church of God in Chuncheon, Korea|The Church of God in Chuncheon]]
|Feb. 27–May 28, 2014
|-
|15
|Gumi, Gyeongbuk (1)
|[[The Church of God in Gumi, Korea|The Church of God in Gumi]]
|Apr. 17–Jul. 13, 2014
|-
|16
|Namyangju, Gyeonggi
|[[The Church of God in Jinjeop, Namyangju, Korea|The Church of God in Jinjeop, Namyangju]]
|Apr. 24–Jul. 27, 2014
|-
|17
|Mapo, Seoul (1)
|[[The Church of God in Mapo, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Mapo, Seoul]]
|Jun. 12 – Aug. 21, 2014
|-
|18
|Cheongju, Chungbuk (1)
|[[The Church of God in Bukmunro, Cheongju, Korea|The Church of God in Bukmunro, Cheongju]]
|Jun. 19–Aug. 29, 2014
|-
|19
|Goyang, Gyeonggi
|[[The Church of God in Ilsan, Korea|The Church of God in Ilsan]]
|Jul. 3–Oct. 19, 2014
|-
|20
|Cheonan, Chungnam
|[[The Church of God in Seobuk, Cheonan, Korea|The Church of God in Seobuk, Cheonan]]
|Jul. 17–Oct. 26, 2014
|-
|21
|Gangseo, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Gonghang, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gonghang, Seoul]]
|Aug. 14–Nov. 16, 2014
|-
|22
|Suncheon, Jeollanam
|[[The Church of God in Suncheon, Korea|The Church of God in Suncheon]]
|Sep. 23–Nov. 9, 2014
|-
|23
|Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi (1)
|[[The Church of God in Pyeongtaek, Korea|The Church of God in Pyeongtaek]]
|Oct. 7–Dec. 14, 2014
|-
|24
|Bucheon, Gyeonggi (1)
|[[The Church of God in Songnae, Bucheon, Korea|The Church of God in Songnae, Bucheon]]
|Oct. 30, 2014–Jan. 11, 2015
|-
|25
|Seongnam, Gyeonggi (1)
|[[The New Jerusalem Imae Temple]]
|Nov. 6, 2014–Feb. 15, 2015
|-
|26
|Pohang, Gyeongbuk (1)
|[[The Church of God in Bukgu, Pohang, Korea|The Church of God in Bukgu, Pohang]]
|Dec. 11, 2014–Mar. 1, 2015
|-
|27
|Bupyeong, Incheon
|[[The Church of God in Cheongcheon, Inchoen, Korea|The Church of God in Cheongcheon, Inchoen]]
|Dec. 25, 2014–Mar. 15, 2015
|-
|28
|Yeongdeungpo, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Yeongdeungpo, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Yeongdeungpo, Seoul]]
|Jan. 22–Apr. 24, 2015
|-
|29
|Gunsan, Jeonbuk
|[[The Church of God in Gunsan, Korea|The Church of God in Gunsan]]
|Feb. 26–May 10, 2015
|-
|30
|Daedeok, Daejeon
|[[The Church of God in Hoideok, Daejeon, Korea|The Church of God in Hoideok, Daejeon]]
|Mar. 12–May 31, 2015
|-
|31
|Nowon, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Wolgye, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Wolgye, Seoul]]
|Apr. 16–Jul. 22, 2015
|-
|32
|Junggu, Daegu
|[[The Church of God in Junggu, Daegu, Korea|The Church of God in Junggu, Daegu]]
|Apr. 23–Aug. 2, 2015
|-
|33
|Mokpo, Jeollanam
|[[The Church of God in Mokpo, Korea|The Church of God in Mokpo]]
|Jun. 4–Jul. 19, 2015
|-
|34
|Suwon, Gyeonggi (2)
|[[The Church of God in Paldal, Suwon, Korea|The Church of God in Paldal, Suwon]]
|Jul. 9–Oct. 5, 2015
|-
|35
|Gangneung, Gangwon
|[[The Church of God in Gangneung, Korea|The Church of God in Gangneung]]
|Aug. 13–Nov. 1, 2015
|-
|36
|Songpa, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Songpa, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Songpa, Seoul]]
|Aug. 20–Nov. 4, 2015
|-
|37
|Namgu, Gwangju
|[[The Church of God in Bangrim, Gwangju, Korea|The Church of God in Bangrim, Gwangju]]
|Sep. 3–Dec. 31, 2015
|-
|38
|Dongjak, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Dongjak, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Dongjak, Seoul]]
|Oct. 29, 2015–Feb. 14, 2016
|-
|39
|Eunpyeong, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Eunpyeong, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Eunpyeong, Seoul]]
|Nov. 19, 2015– Mar. 6, 2016
|-
|40
|Gimhae, Gyeongnam
|[[The Church of God in Gimhae, Korea|The Church of God in Gimhae]]
|Nov. 26, 2015–Jan. 24, 2016
|-
|41
|Namdong, Incheon (1)
|[[The Church of God in Nonhyeon, Incheon, Korea|The Church of God in Nonhyeon, Incheon]]
|Jan. 21–Apr. 17, 2016
|-
|42
|Jinju, Gyeongnam
|[[The Church of God in Jinju, Korea|The Church of God in Jinju]]
|Mar. 3–May 22, 2016
|-
|43
|Yongin, Gyeonggi
|[[The Church of God in Bojeong, Yongin, Korea|The Church of God in Bojeong, Yongin]]
|Apr. 7–Jul. 10, 2016
|-
|44
|Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi (1)
|[[The Church of God in Nokyang, Uijeongbu, Korea|The Church of God in Nokyang, Uijeongbu]]
|Apr. 22–Jul. 17, 2016
|-
|45
|Wonju, Gangwon
|[[The Church of God in Wonju, Korea|The Church of God in Wonju]]
|May 6–Jul. 3, 2016
|-
|46
|Seosan, Chungnam
|[[The Church of God in Seosan, Korea|The Church of God in Seosan]]
|Jun. 16–Sep. 4, 2016
|-
|47
|Seogu, Incheon (1)
|[[The Church of God in Simgok, Inchoen, Korea|The Church of God in Simgok, Inchoen]]
|Jul. 28–Oct. 9, 2016
|-
|48
|Bucheon, Gyeonggi (2)
|[[The Church of God in Sosa, Bucheon, Korea|The Church of God in Sosa, Bucheon]]
|Aug. 18–Dec. 11, 2016
|-
|49
|Jeonju, Jeonbuk (2)
|[[The Church of God in Hoseong, Jeonju, Korea|The Church of God in Hoseong, Jeonju]]
|Aug. 26–Nov. 27, 2016
|-
|50
|Seogu, Daejeon (2)
|[[The Church of God in Jeongnim, Daejeon, Korea|The Church of God in Jeongnim, Daejeon]]
|Sep. 29–Dec. 30, 2016
|-
|51
|Yeonje, Busan
|[[The Church of God in Yeonje, Busan, Korea|The Church of God in Yeonje, Busan]]
|Nov. 10, 2016–Jan. 22, 2017
|-
|52
|Jeju
|[[The Church of God in Jeju, Korea|The Church of God in Jeju]]
|Dec. 23, 2016–Mar. 19, 2017
|-
|53
|Pohang, Gyeongbuk (2)
|[[The Church of God in Jungang, Pohang, Korea|The Church of God in Jungang, Pohang]]
|Jan. 12–Mar. 19, 2017
|-
|54
|Namdong, Incheon (2)
|[[The Church of God in Ganseok, Inchoen, Korea|The Church of God in Ganseok, Inchoen]]
|Feb. 3–Apr. 30, 2017
|-
|55
|Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk
|[[The Church of God in Gyeongsan, Korea|The Church of God in Gyeongsan]]
|Mar. 16–Jun. 18, 2017
|-
|56
|Gumi, Gyeongbuk (2)
|[[The Church of God in Doryang, Gumi, Korea|The Church of God in Doryang, Gumi]]
|Apr. 27–Jul. 31, 2017
|-
|57
|Seongnam, Gyeonggi (2)
|[[The New Jerusalem Pangyo Temple]]
|May 19–Sep. 3, 2017
|-
|58
|Saha, Busan
|[[The Church of God in Saha, Busan, Korea|The Church of God in Saha, Busan]]
|Jul. 6–Dec. 31, 2017
|-
|59
|Seogu, Incheon (2)
|[[The Church of God in Geomdan, Inchoen, Korea|The Church of God in Geomdan, Inchoen]]
|Sep. 14–Dec. 25, 2017
|-
|60
|Cheongju, Chungbuk (2)
|[[The Church of God in Seowon, Cheongju, Korea|The Church of God in Seowon, Cheongju]]
|Nov. 2, 2017–Feb. 11, 2018
|-
|61
|Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi (2)
|[[The Church of God in Sosabeol, Pyeongtaek, Korea|The Church of God in Sosabeol, Pyeongtaek]]
|Mar. 22–Jul. 25, 2018
|-
|62
|Mapo, Seoul (2)
|[[The Church of God in Sangam, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Sangam, Seoul]]
|May 3–Aug. 26, 2018
|-
|63
|Dobong, Seoul
|[[The Church of God in Banghak, Dobong, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Banghak, Dobong, Seoul]]
|Aug. 30–Dec. 16, 2018
|-
|64
|Iksan, Jeonbuk
|[[The Church of God in Iksan, Korea|The Church of God in Iksan]]
|Feb. 14–Jun. 12, 2019
|-
|65
|Seongnam, Gyeonggi (3)
|[[The Church of God in Sangdaewon, Seongnam, Korea|The Church of God in Sangdaewon, Seongnam]]
|Mar. 21–Jun. 30, 2019
|-
|66
|Junggu, Ulsan
|[[The Church of God in Junggu, Ulsan, Korea|The Church of God in Junggu, Ulsan]]
|Jul. 11–Dec. 8, 2019
|-
|67
|Hwaseong, Gyeonggi
|[[The Church of God in Dongtan, Hwaseong, Korea|The Church of God in Dongtan, Hwaseong]]
|Jul. 15–Sep. 22, 2019
|-
|68
| rowspan="2" |Changwon, Gyeongnam (2)
| rowspan="2" |[[The Church of God in Uichang, Changwon, Korea|The Church of God in Uichang, Changwon]]
|Nov. 7, 2019–Jan. 19, 2020 (Temporarily closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
|-
|69
|Sep. 19, 2022–Mar. 3, 2023 (Second Session)
|-
|70
|Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi (2)
|[[The Church of God in Nakyang, Uijeongbu, Korea|The Church of God in Nakyang, Uijeongbu]]
|Oct. 27, 2022–Jun. 20, 2023
|-
|71
|Donggu, Daegu
|[[The Church of God in Banyawol, Daegu, Korea|The Church of God in Banyawol, Daegu]]
|Mar. 3, 2023–
|-
|72
|Jeonju, Jeonbuk (3)
|[[The Church of God in Hoseong, Jeonju, Korea|The Church of God in Hoseong, Jeonju]]
|Apr. 20, 2023–
|-
|73
|Gwanak, Seoul (2)
|[[The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul, Korea|The Church of God in Gwanak, Seoul]]
|Aug. 24, 2023–
|}

===Mother Exhibition Overseas===
The enthusiasm ignited by the Mother Exhibition originating in Korea has spread to countries worldwide. In 2014, originating in the United States and extending to 13 exhibitions across countries such as Peru and Chile, the Mother Exhibition garnered enthusiastic responses from local citizens.

{{그림|미국 뉴욕 어머니전.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=The “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition in New York, NY, U.S.}}

In 2015, during the exhibition held in New York, U.S., the Brooklyn Borough awarded a certificate of commendation to the World Mission Society Church of God, in recognition of the exhibition’s positive impact on the community.<ref>[https://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=&nNewsNumb=201901100041 A Father, Silently Holding the Essence of Family Love in His Heart], ''Monthly Chosun'', January 2019</ref> In 2017, the Mother Exhibition was hosted at the annex of the La Cisterna City Hall in Santiago, Chile. At that time, prominent figures, including Humberto Schuffeneger, then Director of Religious Affairs for the Chilean Government, attended the exhibition. The then Director Schuffeneger lauded the Mother Exhibition, describing it as “a poignant journey back to one’s roots and a beautiful, poetic portrayal of family relationships centered on mothers.” He also expressed appreciation, saying, “It is wonderful that the exhibition is held in the warm setting called church.”<ref name="여성동아">[https://woman.donga.com/3/all/12/1088061/1 World Mission Society Church of God], ''Woman DongA,'' October 2017</ref>
===Exhibition ON Channel===
“[https://www.youtube.com/c/ChurchofGodEXHIBITION Exhibition ON]” is a YouTube channel operated by the Church of God, dedicated to producing and sharing videos showcasing works, stories, relevant news, and the Mother Exhibition and the [[‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition|“Father’s True Heart” Exhibition]] (hereinafter referred to as the Father Exhibition).

In early 2020, during the spread of COVID-19, the Church of God adhered to government guidelines for disease prevention. To mitigate virus transmission, offline exhibitions were transitioned to online platforms. Videos related to the exhibition were posted online, allowing people to continue sharing the emotional impact of the event during the isolating pandemic period.

The videos posted on “Exhibition ON” related to the Mother Exhibition include exhibition literary works and news about group visitors to the exhibition. The videos are uploaded to [https://watvmedia.org/en/ WATV Media Cast], too.

==Exhibition Reviews==
Following visits to the Mother Exhibition, reviews predominantly feature stories of individuals finding hope through maternal love and deepening family bonds. There are many reviews of group viewings from various fields such as schools, the military, police, and literary communities. Korean media outlets covered the exhibition in approximately 500 reports, giving it favorable reviews. Around 30 commendations and certificates of appreciation were awarded from both Korean and international government agencies and institutions.

===Visitor Reviews===
[[file:어머니전 학생 관람.jpg |thumb|300px |Students view the “Our Mother” Writing and Photo Exhibition.]]
The Mother Exhibition rapidly attracted visitors as word spread of its reputation, “an exhibition where attendees entered with smiles and left in tears.”<ref>[https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/23595577#home Entering with a Smile, Exiting with Tears: The 67th ‘Our Mother’ Writing and Photo Exhibition], ''JoongAng Sunday'', October 5, 2019</ref> Individuals and family groups constitute a substantial portion of the visitors, with a noticeable rise in group visits from the military, police, and others who often spend extended periods away from their families. In 2016, a group of elderly Sakhalin Koreans who had permanently returned to Korea visited the exhibition. Reflecting on their mothers who had passed away long ago, they expressed gratitude to the church that orchestrated the exhibition.<ref>[https://watvmedia.org/ko/media/mother-met-again Reuniting with Mother in the Land of Korea], ''WATV MEDIA CAST''</ref>

The exhibition evokes emotions transcending cultural differences. A soldier who visited the Mother Exhibition in Peru expressed a desire to revisit his family. Former President of the Peruvian Supreme Court, Duberlí Apolinar Rodríguez Tineo, commented, “The noblest task one can undertake on this earth is being a mother. The exhibition teaches children to appreciate their mother's sacrifice.”<ref name="주간동아">[https://weekly.donga.com/culture/article/all/11/1464886/1 The Heart's Homeland: A Touching Exhibition Filled with Mother's Love], ''Weekly DongA'', September 18, 2018</ref>

In 2017, during a special Mother Exhibition at New Jerusalem Pangyo Temple, celebrating 600,000 visitors, over 200 international students from 43 countries visited. A Kazakhstan student remarked that the exhibited items used by mothers were strikingly similar to those in Kazakhstan. Having been in Korea for over a year, the sight of these items intensified his longing for his mother, nearly bringing tears to his eyes. Panko Panov, Deputy Head of Mission of the Bulgarian embassy in Korea, who attended the event, expressed gratitude for hosting a touching exhibition that invited foreigners under the theme of mother. He said, “The unique Korean sentiment and the biblical content made me reflect more deeply on the affection of Koreans and the love of a mother.”<ref>[http://www.kyeongin.com/main/view.php?key=20170725010008060 Encouraging International Students: 'Global Village Gathering], ''The Kyeongin Ilbo'', July 26, 2017</ref>

There are also many behind-the-scenes stories about family relationship reconciliation. A visitor from Siheung invited an acquaintance who was experiencing marital discord with her husband, to the Mother Exhibition to console her. The acquaintance was deeply moved upon viewing works depicting a mother’s unconditional devotion to her children despite challenging circumstances. Shortly thereafter she reconciled with her husband. She said, “When I am tired and weary, I will think of my children and protect my family,” vowing to live well as a ''guardian of her family''.<ref>[https://shindonga.donga.com/society/article/all/13/113634/5 Love, Gifted by the Heaven: Cherishing with a Mother's Heart], ''Shindonga,'' January 2015</ref>

Another housewife, who attended an exhibition in Pyeongtaek, shared changes in her household, saying, “Since my husband read a mother’s labor pains at the exhibition, his words and actions have changed. He now helps with household chores more frequently and more extensively than before.”<ref name="주간동아" /> After viewing the Mother Exhibition, there have been many cases where family relationships became stronger; a son in puberty reconciled with his mother after conflicts;<ref>[http://ourmother.kr/www/?page_id=4289 Adolescent Son Finds Resolution Amidst Wanderings], ''“Our Mother” Writing & Photo Exhibition Official Website''</ref> a son had an honest conversation with his mother to resolve long-standing misunderstandings.<ref>[http://ourmother.kr/www/?page_id=4289 Tearing Down the Unseen Walls with Mom], ''“Our Mother” Writing & Photo Exhibition Official Website''</ref>

In educational circles, there is an expectation that the Mother Exhibition will foster adolescent character education. Students and parents who have visited the exhibition often recommend it to their friends, children, and teachers. Various educational figures such as teachers, principals, and superintendents have attended, and there have been many group visits from middle schools, high schools, and universities.

A school inspector from Gyeonggi Province commented, “I believe the Mother Exhibition will be helpful in fostering emotions and character of children that are withering away.”<ref name="주간동아" /> Sanggye Jeil Middle School Principal Yoo Seok-beom expressed his thoughts, “I like the exhibition theme ''Mother'' because it is not religiously biased. I believe it will greatly help educate children’s characters. Through viewing the Mother Exhibition, I hope students will cherish their parents more, leading to happy families and harmonious neighborhoods.”<ref name="기호일보" /> 

'''Interviews'''
* Jonathan Lewis (U.S. Army Sergeant stationed in Korea): “The fact that children grow up through their mothers’ love and sacrifice is universally true, wherever you go in the world. Coming to Korea, I find myself thinking of my mom every morning. It is not at any particular time or place, but in daily life, I always miss and want to see her. Watching this exhibition, I felt my mother’s love tangibly in my heart, and I’ve received much comfort.”<ref>[https://weekly.khan.co.kr/khnm.html?www&mode=view&art_id=201511171127191&dept= <nowiki>[Culture] 'Our Mother': Portraying the Simple Life of Mothers</nowiki>], ''The Kyunghyang'', November 24, 2015</ref>

* Alexandra Roxana (a Romanian exchange student): “I believe that the ‘Our Mother’ Writing and Photo Exhibition will serve as a great opportunity to strengthen family relationships even more. After viewing it, it felt like everyone would have wanted to call their mothers. I myself wanted to call my mom so much throughout the exhibition.”<ref>[https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/21804919#home Exhibition: 'Our Mother' Writing and Photo Exhibition in Church of God], ''The JoongAng'', July 31, 2017</ref>

* Lee Gi-yong (Superintendent of Education in North Chungcheong Province, Korea/ Visitor to the Mother Exhibition in Daejeon Seo-gu in 2013): “I think it was a great decision to come. In the field of education, we always emphasize filial piety. I am grateful and thankful that such a meaningful event has been organized.”<ref>[https://www.chungnamilbo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=263850 The Church of God hosts 'Our Mother' Writing and Photo Exhibition], ''Chungnam Ilbo'', September 5, 2013</ref>

===Publication of a Book, ''Pillow My Head on Mother’s Arm''===
{{그림|엄마의 팔베개.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=220px |타이틀=The book, Pillow My Head on Mother’s Arm, is produced based on a survey of Mother Exhibition visitors.}}
The book, ''Pillow My Head on Mother’s Arm,'' is published by Melchizedek Publishing, based on a survey of 4,972 Mother Exhibition visitors to explore the meaning of mother. It selects 99 meanings and presents them in a dictionary format. It consists of the most universal and touching meanings of mother from the responses of the visitors, stories related to mother, and photographs displayed at the exhibition.

The book is divided into three sub-themes: Memories, Remorse, and Life. Under the theme of "Memories," there are nostalgic recollections with mother. In the theme of "Remorse," there are reflections and regrets concerning mother. In the theme of "Life," there is content reminding us that mother is the source of happiness. After examining all 99 meanings of mother, the 100th meaning appears as a blank space, which is left for the readers to fill in themselves.<ref>[https://www.ajunews.com/view/20170404145005110 A Mother's Arm Pillow, Comforting Hearts from Weary Everyday Life], ''Aju News'', April 4, 2017</ref>

===Media Reports About the Exhibition===
Since its first opening in June 2013, the Mother Exhibition has been covered in Korean media outlets over 500 times. They praised the positive effects of the exhibition, describing it as comforting and bringing happiness to individuals weary of modern life with mothers’ love. They referred to the Mother Exhibition as “an exhibition reflecting on human life through mothers’ love and sacrifice”<ref>[https://shindonga.donga.com/3/all/13/1298823/1 Tears-Formed Words: Mother], ''Shindonga'', May 2018</ref> and also say that it “awakens what is most valuable and precious to busy modern individuals.”<ref>[News Today] 'Our Mother' Writing and Photo Exhibition, ''MBC Gyeongnam'', January 24, 2014</ref>

They evaluated the Mother Exhibition as a display that promotes family love by reporting various cases where families overcame crises and restored familial affection through the exhibition. They noted that the Mother Exhibition transcends generations. Soldiers and conscripted policemen who live far away from their families visited the exhibition in groups and expressed that it served as a comforting space that soothed their longing.<ref name="인천일보">[https://www.incheonilbo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=712055 The Church of God: 'Our Mother' Writing and Photo Exhibition], ''Incheon Ilbo'', June 17, 2016</ref> The media also reported that the exhibition provides warmth with an analog sensibility to teenagers accustomed to digital technology, while offering the older generation an opportunity to evoke nostalgia and awaken memories of their mothers, thereby strengthening family ties.<ref>[http://www.kyeongin.com/main/view.php?key=20190718010007070 <nowiki>[Church of God] The Grace Reappearing of the 'Mother' Who Lamented Despite Giving Everything</nowiki>], ''The Kyeongin Ilbo'', July 22, 2019</ref>

The media highlighted that the Mother Exhibition is gaining attention as a cultural hub, offering a warm space for cultural exchange and communication within local communities and also providing opportunities for emotional development among local residents.<ref name="인천일보" />

===Awards===
Local governments and various organizations from around the world highly evaluated the positive effects of the Mother Exhibition on local communities and awarded 30 citations and plaques of appreciation.

In Korea, it received citations from the district office, the National Assembly, and the Gimhae Branch of the Korean Association of Artistic and Cultural Organization for its commitment to fostering vibrant and harmonious communities through exhibitions.<ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/award/465 Plaque of Appreciation from Head of Masanhappo District, Changwon City, South Gyeongsang Province], ''WATV AWARD'', March 9, 2014</ref><ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/award/468 Certificate of Recognition from National Assemblymember], ''WATV AWARD'', March 9, 2014</ref><ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/award/470 Certificate of Recognition from National Assemblymember], ''WATV AWARD'', March 9, 2014</ref><ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/award/469 Certificate of Recognition from National Assemblymember], ''WATV AWARD'', March 9, 2014</ref> In the Brooklyn Borough of New York, NY, U.S., the Church of God, the organizer of the Mother Exhibition, was honored by the local community with a certificate of recognition. The award recognized the church’s positive impact on the local community, improving the lives of many people, and inspiring many citizens.<ref name="여성동아" />
[[file:뉴욕 시 브루클린 구청장 어머니전 표창장.png |thumb| 220px |Citation from Brooklyn Borough, NY, U.S.<ref>[https://watvaward.org/en/award/798 Citation from President of Borough of Brooklyn, NY], ''WATV AWARD'', November 29, 2015</ref>]]

==External links==
*[http://ourmother.kr/www/ “Our Mother” Writing & Photo Exhibition Official Website]
*[https://www.youtube.com/@wmscog_exhibition "Exhibition ON" Youtube Channel]

==See also==
*[[The Church of God’s Community Service Activities]]
*[[Church of God Family & Neighborhood Communication Support]]
*[[‘Father’s True Heart’ Exhibition]]

==Related videos==
*'''[Invitation] “Our Mother” Writing & Photo Exhibition, Church of God's Mother Exhibition'''
<youtube>xuPO5CdftdE</youtube>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Church of God]]
[[Category:Community Service]]

The Heart-to-Heart Project

2026-04-23T08:33:29Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:Heart to Heart (사랑의 응원) 프로젝트]][[vi:Dự án Heart to Heart (Cổ vũ của tình yêu thương)]][[es:Proyecto de Corazón a Corazón]][[ne:The Heart-to-Heart प्रोजेक्ट]][[pt:Projeto Coração a Coração (encorajamento com amor)]]{{그림|ASEZ WAO Heart to Heart 미국 NY 뉴윈저.jpg|정렬=오른쪽섬네일|너비=400px|타이틀=The Heart-to-Heart Project expressing appreciation to the medical staff and officials who are making every effort to prevent the spread of COVID-19 (New Windsor, NY)}}
The Heart-to-Heart Project is one of [[ASEZ WAO (Church of God Young Adult Worker Volunteer Group)|ASEZ WAO]]’s major activities to combat [https://www.britannica.com/science/COVID-19 COVID-19]. The purpose of this project was to deliver a message of thanks and support to the medical staff and officials working hard on the frontline against the COVID-19 pandemic. ASEZ WAO carried out this project 256 times in 13 countries from November 2020 to October 2021. As of now, they have delivered about 17,800 gifts of thanks and encouragement.
{{ASEZ WAO}}
==The Purpose of Heart-to-Heart Project==
As COVID-19 spread throughout the world, medical workers at the forefront of the pandemic experienced many hardships. Roughly six months after the World Health Organization [WHO] declared COVID-19 a [https://www.britannica.com/science/pandemic pandemic],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32191675/ |title=WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic |website=PubMed.gov |publisher= |date=March 2020 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> one million deaths had already been confirmed (33.3 million confirmed cases).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/09/covid-19-deaths-global-killers-comparison/ |title=As the COVID-19 death toll passes 1 million, how does it compare to other major killers? |website=WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM|publisher= |date=September 29, 2020 |quote= }}</ref> Despite active prevention efforts from government officials, the virus has continued to spread over the past few years. 

From the onset of the pandemic, the medical workers put their efforts into examinations and treatments day and night despite the shortage of manpower and rest, wearing protective clothing and equipment. In February 2021, more than 3,000 confirmed cases were reported in just fifteen days in Daegu, Korea. Subsequently, medical workers had to work without rest for more than 12 hours a day and each nurse had to take care of about 20 patients, which was twice the amount of his or her typical caseload. In New York, thousands of retired medical workers were reinstated and medical students graduated early to be sent into the field due to a shortage of manpower.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/coronavirus-news-march-2020/ |title=Coronavirus news – March 2020 |website=HARVARD T.H. CHAN, School of Public Health |publisher= |date=March 27, 2020 |quote= }}</ref> Field workers wore protective gear to prevent the spread of the virus, while taking care of patients or taking samples. In Korea, they had to wear Level D protective clothing that covered them from head to toe, or four layers of coveralls, a face mask, gloves, and a face shield for six hours a day regardless of weather conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.epa.gov/emergency-response/personal-protective-equipment#:~:text=resistant%20outer%20boots.-,Level%20D%20protection,-is%20the%20minimum |title=Personal Protective Equipment |website=EPA |publisher=|date= |quote= }}</ref> Amid concerns over the emotional [https://www.who.int/news/item/28-05-2019-burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon-international-classification-of-diseases burnout] of medical workers,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200611007500315 |title=(Yonhap Feature) Medical workers exhausted by stifling protective suits as heat waves arrive |website=YONHAP NEWS AGENCY |publisher= |date=June 11, 2020 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nazbeheshti/2021/04/15/the-pandemic-has-created-a-new-kind-of-burnout-which-makes-well-being-more-critical-than-ever/?sh=1ccbf4c32f01 |title=The Pandemic Has Created A New Kind Of Burnout, Which Makes Well-Being More Critical Than Ever |website=Forbes |publisher=|date=April 15, 2021 |quote= }}</ref> ASEZ WAO launched the Heart-to-Heart Project to comfort and encourage those who were responding to the prolonged pandemic. The members from all over the world expressed their sincere respect, gratitude, and support to the medical workers who dedicated themselves to citizens’ safety and to helping bring society back to normal.

==About the Project==
{{그림|ASEZ WAO Heart to Heart 1.jpg|정렬=오른쪽섬네일|너비=300px|타이틀=ASEZ WAO members carrying the gifts of thanks and encouragement in Hackensack, NJ, U.S.}}
The Heart-to-Heart Project started as a way to express gratitude to those who were working hard to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. ASEZ WAO members prepared gifts containing snacks, face masks, and handwritten letters to encourage those working to support pandemic relief. They delivered the gifts to hospitals, government offices, fire stations, and other places where frontline workers were. Through virtual meetings, after work and on their days off, members planned events and helped prepare gifts. When they delivered the gifts, they wore face masks and gloves, following the COVID-19 prevention rules.

==Current Activity Status==

{{그림|ASEZ WAO 엘피디오 토레스 병원장 표창장.jpg|정렬=오른쪽섬네일|너비=300px|타이틀=A citation from the Director of the Elpidio Torres Hospital, Argentina}}

Since mid-2020, the Heart-to-Heart Project has been carried out throughout the world, as ASEZ WAO’s regular volunteering. ASEZ WAO delivered a cheerful message to more than 9,400 people through the project which was held for two months in 13 countries including the U.S., the U.K., India, Japan, Malaysia, Peru, Argentina, and Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/23859443#home |title="I cried all night because of verbal abuse and fatigue." COVID-19 Medical Staff Experience Burnout |website=The JoongAng |publisher= |date=August 28, 2020 |quote= }}</ref> When vaccinations were given during the first half of 2021, people faced a new phase in responding to COVID-19. ASEZ WAO delivered 6,300 gifts of encouragement to 92 institutes such as hospitals, public health centers, vaccination centers, and government offices to uplift medical workers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://asezwao.org/message-of-thanks/ |title=A Message of Thanks from Heart to Heart |website=ASEZ WAO Official Website |publisher= |date=December 3, 2020 |quote= }}</ref> Since then, using regional and national networks, ASEZ WAO has been continuing the Heart-to-Heart Project wherever people need encouragement. In an atmosphere where volunteer service has decreased sharply since COVID-19,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://watv.org/asez-wao-2021/ |title=Young Adult Worker Volunteer Group [ASEZ WAO] Carried Out Volunteer Services in the First Half of 2021 |website=WATV.org |publisher= |date=June 6, 2021 |quote= }}</ref> ASEZ WAO delivers sincere comfort through the Heart-to-Heart Project. Receiving the encouraging gifts containing handwritten letters that were written with sincere love, the medical workers expressed their joy and gratitude. After reading the members’ handwritten letters, the health center workers in Sokcho, Korea, expressed their gratitude. They said, “What we needed was nothing but cheering.” An official from the Patient Transfer Center in Manchester, U.K., said, “We love this job, but we had a difficult time for the past few months. ASEZ WAO’s activities make us feel that we are recognized. I’d like to give thanks for your meaningful activities.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.khan.co.kr/national/national-general/article/202110131411001?www |title=A Sudden Decrease for Volunteer Activities Due to COVID-19, Replaces with Untact Volunteer Activites |website=The Kyunghyang |publisher= |date=October 13, 2021 |quote= }}</ref><ref>[https://woman.donga.com/3/all/12/2409706/1 Warm Support to Overcome COVID-19, Making Brighter Future in Global Community], February 1, 2021, ''Woman DongA''</ref><ref>[https://news4trafford.co.uk/2020/12/03/world-mission-society-church-of-god-gave-ambulance-staff-in-trafford-gift-boxes/ “World Mission Society Church of God gave Ambulance staff in Trafford gift boxes,”] NEWS4TRAFFORD, Dec. 3. 2020.</ref> The Director of Inamdar Multispeciality Hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, India, presented an award to ASEZ WAO. He said, “The nursing staff who carry out dangerous tasks at the forefront take an active part in this pandemic situation. I’m glad to see you express your gratitude to each person working in the field, and not just to one person or representative.” Marcelo Martinez, the Director of the Elpidio Torres Hospital in Argentina, presented a citation to ASEZ WAO and complimented them for their contribution to spreading hope with the heart of a mother through the Heart-to-Heart Project.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://watv.org/regular-volunteer-services/ |title=ASEZ WAO Carried Out Regular Volunteer Services |website=WATV.org |publisher= |date=December 18, 2020 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://watvaward.org/en/award/1464 |title=BEST AWARD CERTIFICATE, 2020 AWARD, Inamdar Multispeciality Hospital |website=WATV AWARD |publisher= |date=November 12, 2020 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://watvaward.org/en/award/1476 |title=DIPLOMA of Honor, Elpidio Torres Hospital |website=WATV AWARD |publisher= |date=December 17, 2020 |quote= }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Green Workplace Campaign (Eco-Friendly Activity at Workplaces)]]
* [[The Mother’s Forest Project]]
* [[The No More GPGP Project (Reducing Plastic Use)]]

==References==
<references />

{{패밀리 사이트}}

[[Category:Church of God]]
[[Category:Community Service]]

The Church of God’s Response to COVID-19

2026-04-23T08:32:54Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:하나님의 교회 코로나19 대응]][[vi:Hội Thánh của Đức Chúa Trời ứng phó Covid-19]][[es:La respuesta de la Iglesia de Dios a la COVID-19]][[ne:कोभिड-१९विरुद्ध परमेश्वरको मण्डलीको प्रतिक्रिया]][[pt:A Resposta da Igreja de Deus à COVID-19]]{{그림|미국 할리우드 간호사 응원키트 전달.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=The medical staff at the Memorial Regional Hospital in Hollywood, FL, are delighted to receive handwritten letters and appreciation gifts from the Church of God’s young adults.}}
The '''Church of God''' is actively carrying out the activities to '''respond to COVID-19''' around the world. The church members thoroughly abide by the COVID-19 preventive measures in their respective countries, strengthening the virus prevention of each church and practicing social distancing. The church constantly supports their neighbors in various ways so that they can overcome the pandemic with God’s love. The church encourages those who are suffering from financial difficulties due to the COVID-19 pandemic by delivering donations and daily necessities such as groceries. For the medical staff and essential workers, the church delivers COVID-19 prevention supplies, snacks, and letters of encouragement. The church also brings joy to families, neighbors, and communities by sharing videos online and holding the Happy Webinar and [[Flower Letter Campaign]] to support positive mental health. In addition, the church is making every effort to protect the global environment, which has become more polluted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to solve the environmental problems caused by the rapid increase in the use of disposable items, the church carries out activities such as [[The No More GPGP Project (Reducing Plastic Use)|reducing plastic use campaigns]] and environmental cleanups. 

==Background and Purpose of the Activity==
As the [https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1 COVID-19] pandemic, which began in early 2020, is prolonged, so are the aftereffects. The entire world fell into social, economic, and psychological shock due to the anxiety and fear of infection, difficulties in the medical and quarantine systems, unemployment, and other economic difficulties. As social distancing and non-face-to-face activities became a daily routine, people’s emotional isolation deepened. A new term called Corona Blue was formed which means depression caused by COVID-19, and another term called Corona Red which refers to anger beyond depression. In order to respond to COVID-19, [[the Church of God Headquarters]] strengthened the preventive measures of churches around the world and actively cooperated with the pandemic prevention policies of each country by turning to online [[Worship|worship services]] and education for members.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuYnDniaD3M |title=Church of God COVID-19 Prevention Video |website=Church of God Media |publisher= |date=August 19, 2020 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> In accordance with [[Christ]]’s teaching, “Be the salt and light of the world,”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+5%3A13-14&version=NIV |title=Matthew 5:13–14 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> the church carried out timely volunteer services and relief activities to take care of the members and their neighbors who were suffering from the pandemic.

==Present Status of the Church of God’s Response to COVID-19==
The Church of God’s response to COVID-19 is carried out throughout society, including support for medical staff and related workers for pandemic prevention, support for vulnerable groups and residents, support for relieving citizens’ emotional isolation, emergency relief, blood drives, and environmental cleanups. All the activities are carried out in strict accordance with the pandemic prevention regulations of each country. 

===Support for Vulnerable Groups and Schools===
Due to the prolonged pandemic, the number of people experiencing financial difficulties such as unemployment and income reduction has increased significantly. Particularly, the suffering of vulnerable groups, such as senior citizens living alone, has increased, and it is even difficult for them to pay for fixed expenses such as hospital expenses and house rent.<ref>Kim Parker et al., [https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/09/24/economic-fallout-from-covid-19-continues-to-hit-lower-income-americans-the-hardest/ "Economic Fallout From COVID-19 Continues To Hit Lower-Income Americans the Hardest,"] Pew Research Center, Sept. 24. 2020.</ref> 
{{그림|코로나19 희망브리지 성금 기탁.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=The Church of God donated a total of 230 million KRW to the Hope Bridge Korea Disaster Relief Association to combat COVID-19 in Korea.}}
The Church of God provides donations, pandemic prevention supplies, and groceries to neighbors who are suffering from financial difficulties due to COVID-19. In Korea, the church donated a total of 230 million KRW to the [https://relief.or.kr/ Hope Bridge Korea Disaster Relief Association]. When there was a shortage of face masks in Daegu, which was declared a special disaster region, the church urgently donated 30,000 face masks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/03/119_286576.html |title=Church of God donates $160,000 for COVID-19 response |website=The Korea Times |publisher= |date=March 22, 2020 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> In Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Uganda, the church provided customized support for their neighbors in urgent need. In Venezuela, where the economic difficulty was severe due to prolonged social and political turmoil, the church members themselves walked five kilometers under the hot sun to deliver water to households suffering from water shortages for two months. The church in Quezon City in the Philippines comforted and encouraged quarantined residents by donating 500 kg of rice and 200 cans of food. 
{{그림|아르헨티나 코로나19 취약계층 생필품.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=The Church of God members in Argentina prepare daily necessities for their neighbors during the COVID-19 pandemic.}}
Government agencies and municipalities also have asked the Church of God to help. In Chile, an official from the Ministry of the Interior invited members from the Church of God to the presidential palace, expressed gratitude for their continued service, and requested support for poorer regions. At this request, the church donated groceries to quarantined households and more than 80 households in Aysen and Coyhaique. In San Bernardo, La Florida, Quilicura, San Miguel, Arica, Vina del Mar, and Talca, the church donated daily necessities, including groceries, in cooperation with various local governments. The residents of Puerto Williams, an island town close to Antarctica, delightedly said, “Thank you so much. We’ve never seen a church that even comes here to help us.”

{{그림|칠레 아이센 코이아이케 식료품 지원.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |너비=300px |타이틀=Donation of groceries for residents vulnerable to COVID-19 in Aysen and Coyhaique, Chile, in 2020}}
The Church of God donated 1.2 million tugriks to the Bayangol District Office in Ulaanbaatar for the families of confirmed cases, and also donated 30 boxes of groceries to vulnerable groups within the district at the request of the district office. In Malaysia, at the request of Petaling Jaya City Council, 600 face masks and 150 hand sanitizers were donated for those vulnerable to the virus. In Cambodia, as the elementary, middle, and high schools which had been closed due to COVID-19 were opened again, the church donated 5,000 face masks and 1,100 hand sanitizers at the request of the government that worried about the spread of infection. Chhit Sokhon, Minister of Cults and Religions, who was entrusted with the supplies, presented a certificate of appreciation to the Church of God. 
{{그림|캄보디아 종교부장관 감사장.png |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=Certificate of Appreciation awarded to the Church of God for the contribution to the COVID-19 response by the Minister of Cults and Religions, Cambodia}}
{{quote |“The education system has also been greatly affected by COVID-19, and I’m deeply grateful for the support of coronavirus prevention equipment during this time. These activities are really necessary.”|Chhit Sokhon, Minister of Cults and Religions, Cambodia}}
The church in Hyderabad, India, provided bottled water and traditional tea for residents suffering from the heat at home due to a blockade amidst the heatwave, in consultation with local police stations. Two police stations presented certificates of appreciation to the church members for their consideration for the local community.<ref name="여성동아">{{Cite web |url=https://woman.donga.com/3/all/12/2409706/1 |title=Warm Support to Overcome COVID-19, Making Brighter Future in Global Community |website=Woman DongA |publisher= |date=February 1, 2021 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.1gan.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=197538 |title=Church of God Helps All Countries of the World |website=Ilgan |publisher= |date=July 2, 2020 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> The church in San Diego, CA, U.S. collaborated with a supermarket and donated enough canned foods to serve 1,500 people during the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://weekly.donga.com/List/3/all/11/2805853/1 |title=The "Essence of Love," Embracing with Respect and Consideration, Church of God Becomes a Resting Place for Neighbors and Society |website=Weekly DongA |publisher= |date=July 22, 2021 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> 

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===Support for Healthcare Workers===
{{그림|영국 맨체스터 Heart to Heart-201130.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=ASEZ WAO delivers appreciation gifts to the officials of the Patient Transfer Center in Manchester, U.K.}}
Healthcare workers and medical staff, who served at the forefront of the Covid-19 response, were the busiest during the pandemic, taking care of patients at risk of being exposed, and striving to manage facilities to prevent the spread of the infection. They sometimes suffered burnout because of their hard work and dedication.<ref>Yeonhoon Jang et al., [https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-11978-0 “Burnout and peritraumatic distress of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic,”] BMC Public Health, Nov. 12. 2021.</ref> [[ASEZ (World Mission Society Church of God University Student Volunteer Group)|ASEZ, University Student Volunteer Group]], and [[ASEZ WAO (Church of God Young Adult Worker Volunteer Group)|ASEZ WAO, Young Adult Worker Volunteer Group]], of the Church of God supported healthcare workers who combat COVID-19 and cure patients, such as medical staff and officials from government agencies, local governments, police stations, and fire stations, through the [[The Heart-to-Heart Project|Heart-to-Heart Project]] and Cheer Up Campaign. The young adults visited hospitals, police stations, and fire stations in 150 countries, including U.S., U.K., Peru, Australia, India, and Korea, and delivered appreciation gifts that contained handwritten letters and snacks to express their gratitude. They delivered 40 gift sets that included face masks, hand sanitizers, snacks, and thank you letters, to two emergency patient transfer centers in Manchester, U.K. Sarah, one of the workers from the center, said, “Your activities make us feel that we are recognized. We love this job, but we had a difficult time for the past few months. Thank you so much for this meaningful activity.”

In the United States, where there were nearly 81 million confirmed cases by April 2022<ref name=":0">[https://news.google.com/covid19/map?hl=en-US&mid=%2Fm%2F02j71&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen Coronavirus (COVID-19)], Google News</ref> the Church of God members provided COVID-19 prevention supplies to medical institutions, city halls, police stations, fire stations, and military bases. After delivering 1,000 face masks to Denver City Hall, they donated 1,000 more face masks for children upon request. They donated face masks, hand sanitizers, and sanitary supplies to a naval base in Honolulu, HI, the Arlington Fire Station, and the Volunteer Emergency Service in Syracuse, NY, and 250 handmade face masks to Inglewood Police Station. A police station official expressed his gratitude, saying, “You made every effort to protect the safety of the inmates as well as the police.” The church in Mongolia also donated 10,000 face masks, including 5,000 handmade face masks, to the Ministry of Health.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.donga.com/news/Economy/article/all/20200709/101892556/2 |title=Church of God's Active Support for COVID-19 Masks Across Korea |website=The DongA Ilbo |publisher= |date=July 9, 2020 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> In Brazil, where the highest number of confirmed cases occurred in South America,<ref name=":0" /> the church donated 100 gift sets of snacks and handwritten letters to a hospital in Taguatinga, Brasilia, which was reported on the local broadcaster, RecordTV. 
{{그림|필리핀 산파블로 커뮤니티 종합병원 hand to hand.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일| 너비=300px |타이틀=Officials from the Community General Hospital of San Pablo in the Philippines receives appreciation gifts containing handwritten letters and snacks from ASEZ members.}}
{{quote |“The young people who made a surprise visit to almost every department in the hospital changed the day of the medical staff. This is more than just snacks. A word of comfort and consolation changed the lives of medical staff fighting the virus on the front lines.”|News on RecordTV}}

The church in New Delhi, India, donated 200 face masks and 200 hand sanitizers to the police station in Saket, a commercial district where there is a large floating population. The church in Pune, India, donated face masks and appreciation gifts to two police stations, and expressed their respect to the police officers, calling them “Heroes for Overcoming COVID-19.” Police inspector Yunus Shaikh of the Yerawada Police Station commented on the activities of the Church of God: “The church has done a great job of helping reduce the COVID-19 damage and control the death rate by distributing face masks to each house, promoting the use of hand sanitizers and hand washing. And I thank you very much for expressing your gratitude to the police officers.”<ref name="여성동아" /> 

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===Emergency Relief===
{{그림|남아공 케이프타운대 화재복구.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=The Church of God members help restore the library at the University of Cape Town, which was damaged by the Table Mountain fire on April 29, 2021.}}
Disasters such as typhoons, heavy snowfalls, and forest fires occur every year around the world, but the number of volunteers to support relief efforts has decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/volunteering-and-coronavirus-when-helping-people-could-mean-putting-them-at-risk/2020/03/17/37755f04-6864-11ea-b313-df458622c2cc_story.html |title=Volunteering and coronavirus: When helping people could mean putting them at risk |website=The Washington Post |publisher= |date=March 17, 2020 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> Even amidst the on going pandemic, whenever a disaster occurred, the Church of God quickly carried out relief efforts, centering on nearby churches and observing the pandemic prevention guidelines. The church in Korea helped restore landslide areas, flooded houses, damaged livestock and crops caused by super typhoons such as Bavi, Maysak, and Haishen, and a long rain.<ref name="여성동아" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://monthly.chosun.com/client/mdaily/daily_view.asp?idx=10395&Newsnumb=20200810395 |title=Church of God Roll Up Their Sleeves to Recover Flood Damage Encouraging the Flood Victims |website=Monthly Chosun |publisher= |date=August 18, 2020 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> When heavy snow fell across Korea in the beginning of 2021, the church carried out emergency snow removal services in 230 regions nationwide, contributing to the safety of citizens, including children and the elderly, even when the temperature was -20°C [-4℉].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ajunews.com/view/20210120095821901 |title=Taking the Lead for Safe Neighborhood in Places Like Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Jeolla, and Chungcheong Province|website=Aju News |publisher= |date=January 20, 2021 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sports.donga.com/article/all/20210726/108173001/3 |title=Church of God "Global Supporters" Cheering Up for Overcoming Global Disasters and Human Happiness
|website=Sports DongA |publisher= |date=July 27, 2021 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> When the library of the University of Cape Town in South Africa was burnt down by the fire on Table Mountain, one of the Seven Wonders of Nature, ASEZ local members participated in the library restoration work at the request of the university, searching for books and documents and moving them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://watv.org/damage-recovery/ |title=The Church of God University Student Volunteer Group, ASEZ, Take Part in the Wildfire Recovery Efforts in Rep. of South Africa |website=WATV.org |publisher= |date=April 29, 2021 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> The church in the Philippines donated relief goods for 30,000 residents who fled to shelters due to a volcanic eruption. The church in Tabasco, Mexico, also delivered groceries and necessities to the victims of heavy rain.<ref name="여성동아" /> As the number of blood donors has decreased sharply due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the global blood shortage is also a concern. In 2022, the [https://www.redcross.org/ American Red Cross] declared the nation’s blood crisis for the first time, proclaiming the worst blood shortage in ten years.<ref>[https://www.redcrossblood.org/local-homepage/news/article/red-cross--national-blood-crisis-may-put-patients-at-risk.html “Red Cross: National blood crisis may put patients at risk,”] American Red Cross, Jan. 11. 2022.</ref> 
{{그림|1000회 유월절사랑 생명사랑 헌혈릴레이 짐바브웨.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=The 1,000th Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover held in Zimbabwe in 2021}}
The Church of God helped the blood supply by carrying out the [[The Worldwide Blood Drive to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover|Blood Drives to Give Life Through the Love of the Passover]], which has been steadily held, even during the pandemic. The 1,000th blood drive was held in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, on June 20, 2021, which was praised as an event that gave a special gift of life in difficult times.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.monthly.chosun.com/client/mdaily/daily_view.asp?idx=12911&Newsnumb=20210712911 |title=Church of God Runs Over 1000 Worldwide Blood Drives for 15 years |website=Monthly Chosun |publisher= |date=July 12, 2021 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref>

===Online Activities to Relieve Emotional Isolation===
COVID-19 not only threatened human life but also brought emotional pain such as anxiety, depression, and isolation. According to the [https://www.cdc.gov/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] in the U.S., 10.8% of American adults experienced symptoms of anxiety and depression in 2019,<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/mental-health-monthly-508.pdf "Estimates of Mental Health Symptomatology, by Month of Interview: United States], ''National Health Interview Survey'', March 2019</ref> but in February 2021, after the COVID-19 outbreak, it quadrupled to 41.5%.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7013e2.htm Symptoms of Anxiety or Depressive Disorder and Use of Mental Health Care Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, August 2020–February 2021], ''Centers for Disease Control and Prevention'', April 2, 2021</ref> The Church of God hosts various online programs to communicate and share love with families and neighbors. The [[Seminars for Workers|"Happy Seminar for Workers,"]] which was held to relieve the stress of workers and to soothe their exhausted minds, is now performed online under the title, “Happy Webinar for Workers.” More than 23,000 people participated in the webinar, which has been held four times so far, to share empathy and bring comfort.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://watv.org/healing-webinar-for-worker/ |title=The Church of God Holds ‘Happy Webinar for Workers’, Conveying Hope and Comfort Over the Screen |website=WATV.org |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> 

<youtube>z7QwP4EJb9Y</youtube> 

[https://watvmedia.org/en The Church of God Media Cast] provides videos that comfort, heal, and calm the mind, moving the hearts of viewers. The content is very diverse: [https://www.youtube.com/@wmscog_star "Stars in the Desert"] which includes meditation videos with music, [https://www.youtube.com/@wmscog_exhibition "Exhibition ON"] which features national tour exhibitions, [http://ourmother.kr/www/ “ 'Our Mother' Writing and Photo Exhibition"] and [https://thankfather.org/ “Father’s True Heart” Exhibition], New Song instrumental music, cartoons, sermon videos about family love, character education videos for children and students, and many more. Many viewers share these videos with their families, friends, co-workers, and neighbors. The [[Flower Letter Campaign]] has also become a medium of communication and harmony, which allows users to express their feelings that were not usually expressed to their loved ones, including family members. On the Flower Letter website, you can write and send a message after choosing your desired flower. More than 740,000 flower letters were sent since the start in December 2020 as of April 2022. 

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===Environmental Cleanup and Reducing Plastic Use===
{{그림|미국 애나코스티아 GPGP.png |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=300px |타이틀=ASEZ WAO has carried out "No More GPGP" project around the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C., U.S. At least 500 kg (1,100 lbs) of waste was collected within two hours. }}
The use of disposable items, including face masks, has increased due to the spread of COVID-19, raising concerns about environmental pollution. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, plastic waste worldwide has increased by more than 8.4 million metric tons globally in about a year and a half.<ref>[https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2111530118 Plastic waste release caused by COVID-19 and its fate in the global ocean], November 8, 2021, ''PNAS''</ref> The Church of God is spreading the global environmental cleanup campaign, which was implemented to protect the environment. In particular, [[ASEZ WAO (Church of God Young Adult Worker Volunteer Group)|ASEZ WAO, the Young Adult Worker Volunteer Group]], is working hard to raise awareness about plastic pollution and reduce waste by carrying out the [[The No More GPGP Campaign (Reducing Plastic Use)|"No More GPGP" (reducing plastic use) project]]. In the winter of 2020, they collected about 500 kg (1,100 lbs) of waste at the Anacostia River around Kenilworth Park in Washington, D.C. in the U.S. In Brisbane, Australia, they carried out cleanup activities around Kookaburra Park and Oxley Creek in cooperation with City Hall. By October 2021, 36,948 people from 33 countries, including Brazil, India, the Philippines, South Africa, Peru, Taiwan, the U.S., Greece, New Zealand, Uganda, and Korea participated in the "No More GPGP" project and collected 140 metric tons of plastic waste.<ref name="여성동아" /> The "No More GPGP" project was also introduced during the 2021 P4G Seoul Summit hosted by the Korea Ministry of Foreign Affairs and received attention from various agencies.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jmagazine.joins.com/monthly/view/334213 |title=[Religious Topic] Church of God Young Adults Call Themselves as "Enivronmental Evangelists" with Confidence |website=Monthly JoongAng |publisher= |date=June 17, 2021 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref>

==References==
<references />

{{패밀리 사이트}}

[[Category: Community Service]]
[[Category: Church of God]]

God the Son (Jesus)

2026-04-23T05:50:05Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:성자 (예수)]]{{그림|예수님과 제자들.jpg|정렬=오른쪽섬네일|너비=200px|타이틀=Jesus Christ came as the Son of God.}}
'''God the Son''' is one of the three persons of the Trinity—[[God the Father (Jehovah)|Father]], Son, and [[The Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]]. It refers to [[Jesus Christ]], who came as the [[Son of God]]. According to the biblical doctrine of the [[Trinity]], the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are fundamentally one and the same God.

In the Age of the Son, God the Father [[God in the Flesh (Incarnation)|came into the world as a man]], according to [[Bible|biblical]] prophecy, and carried out His work under the name Jesus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%209%3A6&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 9:6|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%201%3A31-32&version=NIV|title=Luke 1:31-32|quote= }}</ref> Although Jesus is, in essence, [[God the Father]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans%209%3A5&version=NIV|title=Romans 9:5|quote= }}</ref> He did not cling to the divine glory of [[God]] but humbled Himself and became obedient even to death.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Philippians+2%3A5-8&version=NIV |title=Philippians 2:5–8 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+5%3A8&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 5:8 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> He also personally practiced the teachings that the people of God must follow in order to receive salvation.

The reason Jesus, as the Son of God, carried out the [[gospel]] ministry was to set an example of faith and deeds for God’s children.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A15&version=NIV |title=John 13:15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Jesus Christ]]
* [[God the Father (Jehovah)]]
* [[The Holy Spirit]]
* [[Name of God]]

==External links==
* [https://ahnsahnghong.com/en/christ/before-jesus/ Christ Ahnsahnghong Official Website]
* [https://watv.org/ Church of God Official Website] 

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:God the Father]]

Pergamon (Pergamum)

2026-04-23T05:49:47Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:버가모 (페르가몬)]][[file:Bergama, Turkey.jpg |thumb|250x250px|View of Bergama (ancient Pergamon), Türkiye]]
'''Pergamon''' (Greek: Πέργαμος; Latin: Pergamum) was a city in the region of [https://www.britannica.com/place/Mysia Mysia] in Asia Minor.<ref>[https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/pergamum Pergamum], ''EBSCO'', 2023</ref> The name Pergamon is thought to derive from the Greek word πύργος (pyrgos), meaning “tower” or “fortress.”<ref>[https://biblehub.com/greek/4444.htm Strong's Greek: 4444. πύργος], ''Bible Hub''</ref> It later became the capital of the [[Roman Empire|Roman province]] of Asia and was home to one of the seven churches addressed in the book of [[Revelation]] in the [[The New Testament|New Testament]]. Today the site corresponds to modern Bergama in western Türkiye.
==Features==
===Geography===
[[file:Pergamon188BCE.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Location of Pergamon]]
Pergamon was situated about 80 kilometers north of [[Smyrna]] and 25.6 kilometers inland from the Aegean Sea. On a hill rising 300 meters, royal palaces and fortresses were constructed, while the settlement of the common people extended along the slopes and the plain below.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Pergamum Pergamum], ''Britannica''</ref>

===History===
Pergamon existed from around the 5th century BC. It rose to prominence in the [https://www.britannica.com/event/Hellenistic-Age Hellenistic] period after the Attalid dynasty established its royal palace there.<ref>The Attalid dynasty was a Hellenistic ruling family that governed the Kingdom of Pergamon after the death of Lysimachus, one of Alexander the Great’s generals.</ref> Around the 3rd century BC, Attalos I (Greek: Ἄτταλος Αʹ, Latin: Attalos I, 269–197 BC, reigned 241–197 BC) made Pergamon the capital of his kingdom. His successor Eumenes II further developed the city, constructing many public buildings and advancing culture. Later, Attalos III (170?–133 BC, reigned 138–133 B.C.) bequeathed his kingdom to Rome, and Pergamon became the capital of the Roman province of Asia.

===Culture===
[[file:Acropolis amphitheatre of Pergamon (2020).jpg|thumb|250x250px|Theater of Pergamon]]
Pergamon was regarded as one of the finest examples of urban planning in the Hellenistic period. Its temples and gardens were adorned with art, and monumental structures rose throughout the city. Pergamon boasted a library second in prestige only to the Library of Alexandria, an open-air theater capable of seating thousands, an amphitheater, a stadium, and the largest general hospital in Asia Minor. Because of its remarkably preserved ruins and cultural landscape, Pergamon was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014.<ref>Asene Asanova, [https://www.dailysabah.com/life/travel/world-heritage-in-turkey-pergamon-living-proof-of-ancient-romans-seljuks-and-ottomans World heritage in Turkey: Pergamon, living proof of ancient Romans, Seljuks and Ottomans], ''Daily Sabah'', June 5, 2020</ref>

The city was also renowned as a major center for the production of [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/parchment parchment]—treated animal skin used for writing.<ref>[https://thonyc.wordpress.com/2016/01/06/how-papermaking-crossed-the-alps/ How papermaking crossed the Alps], ''The Renaissance Mathematicus'', January 6, 2016</ref> The English word ''parchment'' derives from Greek ''pergamene'' (περγαμηνή), Latin ''pergamenum'', and French ''parchemin'', all ultimately rooted in the name Pergamon.

===Religion===
[[file:Pergamum.jpg |thumb| 200px |Temple of Trajan]]
Around 29 BC, the first temple dedicated to the Roman Empire and to [[Caesar]] Augustus (Julius Caesar Augustus, 63 BC–AD 14) was built in Pergamon.

Later, additional temples were erected in honor of emperors such as Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Trajanus, AD 53?–117; reigned 98–117) and Caligula (AD 12–41; reigned 37–41). Temples devoted to Greek deities—including Zeus, Hera, Athena, Dionysus, and Demeter—were also constructed.<ref>[https://drivethruhistory.com/pergamum/?srsltid=AfmBOoqpq1Le-ATx8SGvNEpolXdPtsjut-lgp3qebytW-JSiwCfMH9sr Pergamum], ''Drive Thru History'', December 26, 2018</ref> Over time, Pergamon developed into a major center of emperor worship, and [[Idol|idolatry]] became widespread throughout the city.

==Pergamon in the Bible==
[[file:Seven churches of asia.svg|thumb|303x303px|One of the seven churches of Asia]]
Pergamon was the location of one of the seven churches of Asia mentioned in the early Christian era.

{{quote5 |내용= “Write on a scroll what you see and send it to the seven churches: to Ephesus, Smyrna, '''Pergamum''', Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia and Laodicea.” |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+1%3A11&version=NIV Revelation 1:11]}}

[[Jesus Christ]] said that although the church in Pergamon was located “where [[Satan (Devil)|Satan]] has his throne,” it had not renounced its faith. He commended Antipas, a martyr from Pergamon, calling him “my faithful witness.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+2%3A12-13&version=NIV |title=Revelation 2:12–13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Yet the church also received a rebuke. Just as [[Balaam]] led Israel into eating food sacrificed to idols and committing immorality, some within the [[church]] of Pergamon held to the teachings of the Nicolaitans. For this reason, Jesus urged the church to repent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+2%3A14-16&version=NIV |title=Revelation 2:14–16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Ephesus]]
*[[Smyrna]]
*[[Thyatira]]
*[[Sardis]]
*[[Philadelphia]]
*[[Laodicea (Laodikeia)]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Places]]

Beth-shemesh

2026-04-23T05:49:43Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:벧세메스]][[file:벧세메스 지도_en.png|thumb|Location of Beth-shemesh (Source: [https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/?v=26.738585864461154,26.303022710202697,42.084939636642844,36&t=2023-01-10-T23%3A53%3A32Z NASA Worldview])]]
'''Beth-shemesh''' (Hebrews: בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ) means “House of the Sun,” a name associated with the worship of the sun god Shamash.<ref name=":0">[https://biblehub.com/topical/s/sun.htm Sun], ''Bible Hub''</ref> Most prominently, it referred to a town on the northwestern border of Judah near Philistia, but there were also other cities with the same name, such as an [[Idol|idolatrous]] city in Egypt.

==Name==
The name Beth-shemesh is composed of the Hebrew word shemesh (שֶׁמֶשׁ), meaning “sun,” and beth (בַּיִת), meaning “house (of).” In the ancient Near Eastern world, sun worship was widespread, and in Mesopotamia the sun god was called Shamash. The place name Beth-shemesh shows that sun worship was also practiced in the land of Canaan.<ref>[https://proofofthebible.net/7 ARK OF THE COVENANT AT BETH SHEMESH], ''Proof of the Bible''</ref>

==Beth-shemesh of the Shephelah (Lowland of Judah)==
===Location===
Beth-shemesh was situated about 24 kilometers west of [[Jerusalem]]. Although it originally belonged to the territory of the tribe of Judah, it was later assigned to the Levites. The city lay near Judah’s northwestern border with Philistia, positioned between Kesalon and Timnah.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+15%3A10&version=NIV |title=Joshua 15:10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+6%3A12&version=NIV |title=1 Samuel 6:12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

===Biblical History===
*Period of [[Joshua]]: After Israel conquered [[Canaan]], Beth-shemesh was given to the descendants of [[Aaron]] the [[priest]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+21%3A13-19&version=NIV |title=Joshua 21:13–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+6%3A57-60&version=NIV |title=1 Chronicles 6:57–60 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
[[file:070.The Ark Is Returned to Beth-shemesh.jpg |thumb| px |''The Ark Returns to Beth-shemesh'', Gustave Doré, 1866]]
*Period of the [[Judge|Judges]]: When Israel was defeated in battle against the Philistines, the [[Ark of the Covenant|ark of the covenant]] was captured. Afterward, the Philistines suffered [[God]]’s plagues and sent the ark back to the border town of Beth-shemesh. However, many people of Beth-shemesh died as punishment because they looked into the ark irreverently.
{{quote5 |내용= Then the cows went straight up toward Beth Shemesh, keeping on the road and lowing all the way; they did not turn to the right or to the left. The rulers of the Philistines followed them as far as the border of Beth Shemesh. Now the people of Beth Shemesh were harvesting their wheat in the valley, and when they looked up and saw the ark [of the covenant], they rejoiced at the sight. . . . '''But God struck down some of the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh, putting seventy of them to death because they looked into the ark of the LORD'''. The people mourned because of the heavy blow the LORD had dealt them. And the people of Beth Shemesh asked, “Who can stand in the presence of the LORD, this holy God? To whom will the ark go up from here?” Then they sent messengers to the people of Kiriath Jearim, saying, “The Philistines have returned the ark of the LORD. Come down and take it up to your town.” |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+6%3A12-21&version=NIV 1 Samuel 6:12–21]}}
:After this, the ark was moved to the house of Abinadab in Kiriath-jearim.
*Period of the United Monarchy: Beth-shemesh was designated as one of the principal cities within the second of [[Solomon]]’s twelve administrative districts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+4%3A7-10&version=NIV |title=1 Kings 4:7–10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
*Period of the Divided Monarchy: King Joash of the [[Northern Kingdom of Israel]] fought against King Amaziah of the [[Southern Kingdom of Judah]] at Beth-shemesh. Amaziah was defeated and taken captive.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+14%3A11-13&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 14:11–13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+25%3A21-23&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 25:21–23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Later, during the reign of King Ahaz of Judah, Beth-shemesh was captured by Philistine invaders.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+28%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 28:18–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==Beth-shemesh of Egypt==
In addition to the Beth-shemesh near Philistia, there was also an Egyptian city known as a major center of sun worship. This Beth-shemesh, located in the Nile Delta, was the city of Heliopolis (Greek: Ἡλίου πόλις),<ref>[https://st-takla.org/bible/dictionary/en/o/on-bethshemesh.html On, city of the sun, Egypt | Beth-Shemesh], ''St-Takla.org''</ref> meaning “City of the Sun.” At this site stood the remains of a great sun temple built by Amenhotep I (Greek: Amenophis I).<ref>[https://www.biblicaltraining.org/library/heliopolis Heliopolis], ''BiblicalTraining.org''</ref> The prophet [[Jeremiah (Prophet)|Jeremiah]] foretold God’s judgment against this Egyptian Beth-shemesh:{{quote5 |내용= He shall break also the images of '''Bethshemesh, that is in the land of Egypt'''; and the houses of the gods of the Egyptians shall he burn with fire. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%2043%3A13&version=KJV Jeremiah 43:13(KJV)]}}
==Other Beth-shemeshes==
*Beth-shemesh of Issachar: Located within the territory of the tribe of Issachar,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+19%3A17-23&version=NIV |title=Joshua 19:17–23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> near the [[Jordan]] River south of the Sea of [[Galilee]]. It is thought to correspond to modern el-'Abeidiyeh.<ref name=":0" />
*Beth-shemesh of Naphtali: A city belonging to the tribe of Naphtali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+19%3A32-39&version=NIV |title=Joshua 19:32–39 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> However, the tribe of Naphtali did not drive out the Canaanites who lived in that land.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+1%3A32-33&version=NIV |title=Judges 1:32–33 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Ark of the Covenant]]
*[[Idol]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Places]]

Antichrist

2026-04-23T05:49:32Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:적그리스도]][[file:Luca Signorelli - Sermon and Deeds of the Antichrist - WGA21202.jpg |thumb | 300px |''Sermon and Deeds of the Antichrist'', Luca Signorelli, 1499–1502: Antichrist deceiving many people]]
The term '''''Antichrist''''' refers to “one who opposes [[Christ]]” or “the enemy of Christ.” In the Bible, the Antichrist is described as an evil being foretold in prophecy—one who abolishes truth and deceives the world through miracles, lawlessness, and falsehoods. The [[Bible]] also refers to this figure as the “false prophet,” the “[[false Christ]],” the “man of lawlessness,” and the “son of destruction.”

==Warnings Concerning the Antichrist==
[[File:The Parable of the Weeds - Domencio Fetti.jpg|thumb|''The Parable of the Weeds'', Domenico Fetti, 1622: In the parables of Jesus, the one who sows weeds in the field is described as the enemy, the devil.]]
The term ''Antichrist'' first appears in [[Book of 1 John|1 John]] and [[Book of 2 John|2 John]], where it refers to those who deny the [[God in the Flesh (Incarnation)|incarnate]] Christ and are called liars. John also prophesied that many antichrists would arise in the last days.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John%2002&version=NIV |title=1 John 2:22 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John%2004&version=NIV |title=1 John 4:3 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+John%2001&version=NIV |title=2 John 1:7 |quote= }}</ref>

{{quote5 |내용=Dear children, this is the last hour; and as you have heard that the '''antichrist''' is coming, even now many '''antichrists''' have come. This is how we know it is the last hour. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John%2002&version=NIV 1 John 2:18]}}

Although not always named explicitly as “Antichrist,” various biblical passages describe individuals or powers that oppose Christ and obstruct the gospel work of [[God]]. The prophet [[Daniel (Prophet)|Daniel]] foretold that one who opposes God would change God’s appointed times and laws.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+7%3A25&version=NIV |title=Daniel 7:25 |quote= }}</ref> Jesus Christ warned against “the one who sows weeds,” “false Christs,” and “false prophets.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2013%3A24-30%2C%2036-42&version=NIV |title=Matthew 13:24–30, 36–42 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24%3A23-24&version=NIV |title=Matthew 24:23–24 |quote= }}</ref> Apostle [[Paul]] cautioned believers by describing the Antichrist as “the man of lawlessness, the son of destruction.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+2%3A3-4&version=NIV |title=2 Thessalonians 2:3–4 |quote= }}</ref>

==Characteristics of the Antichrist==
[[File:Brooklyn Museum - The Chief Priests Ask Jesus by What Right Does He Act in This Way - James Tissot.jpg|thumb|''The Chief Priests Ask Jesus by What Right Does He Act in This Way'', James Jacques Joseph Tissot, 1886–1894: Jewish religious leaders refused to believe in Jesus Christ, the incarnation of God.]]
The Antichrist does not oppose God in ways that are immediately obvious. Instead, he disguises himself in “sheep’s clothing,” presenting himself as a servant of God while secretly opposing Him and deceiving believers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+7%3A15&version=NIV |title=Matthew 7:15 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+11%3A14-15&version=NIV |title=2 Corinthians 11:14–15 |quote= }}</ref>

A representative example from Jesus’ time can be seen in the religious leaders, such as the chief priests, the [[Scribes in the Bible|teachers of the law]], and the [[The Pharisees|Pharisees]], who opposed Christ. Through their actions, we can understand the characteristics of the Antichrist.

===Denial of God in the Flesh===
Two thousand years ago, according to biblical prophecy, God came in the flesh, born as a child.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+9%3A6&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 9:6 |quote= }}</ref> This was Jesus Christ. However, the religious leaders of Judaism, who claimed to believe in God, rejected Him. They ignored the prophecies concerning Christ and instead criticized [[Appearance and Living Environment of Jesus|His physical appearance, background, and circumstances]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+11%3A37-38&version=NIV |title=Luke 11:37–38 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+15%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Luke 15:1–2 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A42&version=NIV |title=John 6:42 |quote= }}</ref> Ultimately, they [[Crucifixion|crucified]] Him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+10%3A33&version=NIV |title=John 10:33 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27%3A35-44&version=NIV |title=Matthew 27:35–44 |quote= }}</ref> Thus, the Antichrist is one who denies God who comes in the flesh and hinders the [[gospel]] by emphasizing Christ’s human aspects rather than recognizing His divinity.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+4%3A4&version=NIV |title=2 Corinthians 4:4 |quote= }}</ref>

{{quote5 |내용=Many deceivers, '''who do not acknowledge Jesus Christ as coming in the flesh''', have gone out into the world. Any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+John%2001&version=NIV 2 John 1:7]}}
===The Man of Lawlessness===
Jesus rebuked the Pharisees and the teachers of the law for valuing human traditions above the teachings of God, calling them hypocrites full of lawlessness.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+23%3A27-28&version=NIV |title=Matthew 23:27–28 |quote= }}</ref> ''Hypocrisy'' refers to outward acts meant to appear righteous, while ''lawlessness'' refers to breaking [[The Commandments of God|God’s commands]]. Therefore, the Antichrist outwardly appears to believe in God but teaches lawlessness instead of God’s commandments, leading people to destruction.

{{quote5 |내용=Don’t let anyone deceive you in any way, for (that day will not come) until the rebellion occurs and '''the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to destruction.''' He will oppose and will exalt himself over everything that is called God or is worshiped, so that he sets himself up in God’s temple, proclaiming himself to be God. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+2%3A3-4&version=NIV 2 Thessalonians 2:3–4]}}

Jesus taught and proclaimed the [[Gospel and the New Covenant|truth of the new covenant]], including [[baptism]], the [[Sabbath]], and the [[The Feasts of God|seven annual feasts in three times]]. The Antichrist, however, teaches doctrines not based on the Bible—such as [[Lord’s Day Worship (Sunday Worship)|Sunday worship]] and [[Christmas]] (derived from sun worship), and [[Cross|cross-reverence]]. These man-made doctrines carry no blessing from God. Ultimately, those who practice lawlessness become separated from Christ and cannot enter the [[Kingdom of Heaven|kingdom of heaven]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+7%3A21-23&version=NIV |title=Matthew 7:21–23 |quote= }}</ref>

==Antichrist at the Time of the Second Coming==
The Bible prophesies that many Antichrists will arise at the time of Christ’s second coming.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John%2002&version=NIV |title=1 John 2:18 |quote= }}</ref>

{{quote5 |내용=As Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately. “Tell us,” they said, “when will this happen, and what will be the sign of '''your coming and of the end of the age'''?” Jesus answered: “Watch out that no one deceives you. For many will come in my name, claiming, ‘I am the Christ,’ and will deceive many. . . . many false prophets will appear and deceive many people. Because of the increase of wickedness, the love of most will grow cold, . . . For '''false Christs and false prophets''' will appear and perform great signs and miracles to '''deceive''' even the elect—if that were possible.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24%3A3-24&version=NIV Matthew 24:3–24]}}

The fact that many Antichrists arise to hinder the work of salvation also indicates that Christ’s work of salvation will be actively carried out during the same period. According to prophecy, in the last days Christ comes “on the [https://churchofgod.wiki/en/How_Jesus_Comes_a_Second_Time#How_Does_Jesus_Appear_a_Second_Time? clouds]”—that is, in the flesh again—to gather God’s people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24%3A3%2C&version=NIV |title=Matthew 24:3, 30–31 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A28&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 9:28 |quote= }}</ref> As He did two thousand years ago, He teaches the truth of the [[New Covenant|new covenant]] in [[spiritual Zion]], where the feasts of God are observed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+33%3A20&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 33:20 |quote= }}</ref>

{{quote5 |내용='''In the last days the mountain of the LORD’s temple [Zion]''' will be established as chief among the mountains; it will be raised above the hills, and peoples will stream to it. Many nations will come and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob. '''He will teach us his ways,''' so that we may walk in his paths.” The law will go out from Zion, the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Micah+4%3A1-2&version=NIV Micah 4:1–2]}}

Ultimately, the Antichrist will face [[Last judgment|God’s judgment]] and eternal punishment.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+20%3A10&version=NIV |title=Revelation 20:10 |quote= }}</ref> Therefore, in the last days, the holy people who seek salvation must correctly discern and avoid the Antichrist, and instead receive the [[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)|Second Coming Christ]] and keep the truth of the new covenant.

==See also==
* [[Christ]]
* [[Jesus Christ]]
* [[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)]]
* [[Timing of Jesus’ Second Coming]]
* [[How Jesus Comes a Second Time]]
* [[Where Jesus Comes a Second Time]]
* [[The Feasts of God]]
* [[Christian]]
* [[False Christ]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category: Biblical Issues]]
[[Category: Bible Knowledge]]

Zionism

2026-04-23T05:48:52Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:시오니즘]][[file: Theodore Herzl.jpg |thumb| Theodor Herzl, Advocate of Zionism]]
'''Zionism''' is a nationalist movement dedicated to the establishment of a Jewish state in the ancestral land of Palestine. Emerging in the late nineteenth century in parts of Europe, it became a powerful unifying cause for Jewish communities worldwide, especially following the devastation of the world wars. In 1948, the founding of the independent State of Israel in Palestine marked the fulfillment of Zionism’s central aspiration.

In [[Bible|Scripture]], [[Zion]] signifies not only a geographical location but also a spiritual dwelling place where [[God]] abides and bestows eternal life. In this light, the enduring hope of the Jewish people for the restoration of their state serves as a profound illustration for believers who, by keeping [[The Feasts of God|God’s feasts]], seek to build the [[spiritual Zion]]—the community where God’s presence and salvation dwell eternally.

==Etymology of Zionism==
The term ''Zionism'' embodies the Jewish nationalistic aspiration for Palestine, the land of ancient Israel.

The word ''Zion'' originally referred to one of the hills in [[Jerusalem]], yet in Scripture it is often used more broadly to represent the entire city of Jerusalem or even the whole land of Israel. Over time, Zion also came to symbolize the sacred dwelling place of God, the center of His presence and rule.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+8%3A18&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 8:18 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+24%3A23&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 24:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> For the Israelites who had lost their nation, Zion came to signify their longed-for homeland<ref name="시137">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+137%3A1%2C&version=NIV |title=Psalms 137:1, 5-6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and the promised land where the Savior would come to restore them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+102%3A12-22&version=NIV |title=Psalms 102:12–22 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

In Israel’s history, there were two notable occasions when the people, having been scattered among foreign nations, returned to their homeland in Canaan.

During the period of the divided kingdoms, the [[Southern Kingdom of Judah]] was conquered around 586 BC by [[Babylon]], the Neo-Babylonian Empire.<ref>Corie Bobechko, [https://biblediscoverytv.com/history/2020/586-bc-the-fall-of-jerusalem/ 586 BC: The Fall of Jerusalem], ''Bible Discovery TV'', July 28, 2020</ref> The people were taken captive to Babylon,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles%2036%3A17-20&version=NIV|title=2 Chronicles 36:17-20|publisher=|quote= }}</ref> where they wept as they remembered the desolation of Zion. Yet, in fulfillment of God’s promise to deliver them after seventy years of captivity,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%2025%3A11-14&version=NIV|title=Jeremiah 25:11-14|publisher=|quote= }}</ref> the people of Judah were allowed to return to their homeland and rebuild Zion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezra%203%3A8-13&version=NIV|title=Ezra 3:8-13|publisher=|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezra%206%3A15-22&version=NIV|title=Ezra 6:15-22|publisher=|quote= }}</ref>

The second restoration occurred after the time of [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]]’ [[resurrection]] and [[ascension]]. In AD 70, Jerusalem fell under the assault of the Roman army, and both the temple and the city walls were completely destroyed—just as Jesus had foretold: “Not one stone here will be left on another” (Matthew 24:2).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Matthew 24:1–2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>Wesley Mountain, [https://www.google.co.kr/books/edition/Basic_Bible_Prophecy/Xy3xTF-8JUwC?hl=ko&gbpv=1&dq=The+temple+and+the+walls+were+completely+destroyed,+%27not+one+stone+was+left+upon+another,%27+as+Jesus+prophesied.&pg=PA66&printsec=frontcover Basic Bible Prophecy], ''Salem Publishing Solutions'', July 2006, pg.66</ref> The Jewish people were then scattered across the nations, living as exiles without a homeland. Those who remained in the land endured severe oppression under foreign rule. Driven from their ancestral home and dispersed throughout the world, the longing for Zion only deepened in their hearts. This enduring hope for national restoration became known as Zionism. At last, in 1948, that centuries-old hope was realized when the Jewish people miraculously established the independent State of Israel.

The term ''Zionism'' was first introduced by [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/nathan-birnbaum Nathan Birnbaum], an Austrian Jew, in the April 1890 issue of his periodical ''[https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/selbstemanzipation Selbstemanzipation]'' (''Self-Emancipation''). Birnbaum defined ''Zionism'' (''Zionismus'') as a movement of Jews—Zionists—aspiring to return to ''Eretz Israel'' (אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל), meaning “the Land of Israel,” the historic homeland of the ancient Israelites. Among those who later gave the movement its greatest momentum was [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodor-Herzl Theodor Herzl], whose leadership and vision transformed Zionism from an emerging idea into an international movement for the restoration of a Jewish state.

==History==
===Background of the Birth of Zionism===
'''Antisemitism in European Society''' After the destruction of Israel by Rome in AD 70, the Jewish people were dispersed across Europe. However, they encountered widespread hostility in the societies where they settled. As Christianity spread throughout the continent, Jews were often persecuted as the people who had rejected Jesus. Their strong sense of being God’s chosen people, along with their commitment to preserving their distinct culture and traditions, further fueled resentment among surrounding nations. Moreover, the success of many Jews in trade and finance led to the unfair stereotype that they were excessively attached to money.<ref>[https://jewishjournal.com/culture/business/232755/finance-one-of-the-worst-jewish-stereotypes/ Finance: One of the Worst Jewish Stereotypes], ''Jewish Journal'', April 4, 2018</ref>

From the Middle Ages onward, Jews were confined to segregated districts known as [https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/ghettos ghettos], where their freedom of movement and residence was strictly limited.<ref>[https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/jewish-ghettos-of-europe/ Jewish Ghettos of Pre-Emancipation Europe], ''My Jewish Learning''</ref> During the Black Death that swept through Europe, they were falsely accused of spreading the plague and were brutally executed, with rumors circulating that Jews had poisoned wells.<ref>[https://www.ajc.org/translatehate/poisoning-the-well poisoning the well], ''American Jewish Committee''</ref> Under such relentless persecution and oppression, some Jews sought to assimilate into European culture or abandoned their Jewish identity altogether, unable to withstand the burden of discrimination and exclusion.

'''Jews Longed for Zion While Keeping the Passover''' Amid sorrow and persecution, there were Jews who remained steadfast in their faith, holding firmly to [[God’s Covenant|God’s covenant]]. Though they lived as strangers in many nations and endured great hardship, they never forgot their homeland. With unwavering devotion, they continued to cry out for the [[Zion’s Restoration|restoration of Zion]], trusting in the prophetic promises that foretold its renewal.<ref name="렘50">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+50%3A4-6&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 50:4–6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="습3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Zephaniah+3%3A14-20&version=NIV |title=Zephaniah 3:14–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Each year, they faithfully kept the [[Passover]], expressing their hope for the day when they would once again celebrate it in Zion.

Originally, the Israelites observed the Passover in Zion, that is, in [[Jerusalem]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+2%3A41&version=NIV |title=Luke 2:41 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+11%3A55&version=NIV |title=John 11:55 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> After the temple’s destruction, however, they kept it in their homes, their hearts filled with longing for their homeland.<ref>[https://books.google.co.kr/books/content?id=d3OygrxxMJgC&hl=ko&pg=PT511&img=1&zoom=3&sig=ACfU3U1UKtBkdbFHucnafKXssZynmRgt4Q&w=1280 Simon Sebag Montefiore, Jerusalem: The Biography], ''London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson'', 2011</ref> Their devotion mirrored that of [[Daniel (Prophet)|Daniel]], who prayed toward Jerusalem with his window open while in Babylonian captivity,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+6%3A10&version=NIV |title=Daniel 6:10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and of the exiled people of Judah who wept by the rivers of Babylon as they remembered Zion.<ref name="시137" /> 

===Late 19th Century: The Emergence of Zionism===
'''Formation of Hovevei Zion and the First Aliyah''' By the late 19th century, discrimination and hostility toward Jews had grown increasingly severe. During this time, within Jewish society, a movement began to take concrete form—one that sought to realize the long-held hope of restoring their homeland, Zion.

In 1881, Tsar Alexander II of Russia was assassinated, and the Russian government falsely claimed that the Jews had conspired to overthrow the empire. This accusation triggered widespread looting and massacres of Jewish communities across Russia. The tragedy awakened Russian Jews to the painful reality that their efforts to assimilate into European society had been in vain. In response, Jewish leaders established [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/hovevei-zion Hovevei Zion] (חובבי ציון, Lovers of Zion), an organization that encouraged Jewish immigration to Palestine. They believed that Jews must create their own state in the Land of Israel. Between 1882 and 1903, approximately 35,000 Jews immigrated to Palestine—a movement known as the First Aliyah. The Hebrew word ''Aliyah'' originally meant “to go up” (עָלָה)<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/5927.htm Strong's Hebrew: 5927. עָלָה], ''Bible Hub''</ref> to the Holy Land in ancient times, but today it refers to the immigration of Jews from other countries to Israel.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080512073236/http:/www.jafi.org.il/education/100/CONCEPTS/aliyah1.html Aliyah], ''The Zionist Century''</ref>

'''The Dreyfus Affair and the Spread of Zionism'''
[[file: THEODOR HERZL AT THE FIRST ZIONIST CONGRESS IN BASEL ON 25.8.1897. תאודור הרצל בקונגרס הציוני הראשון - 1897.8.25.jpg | thumb | The First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland]]
The person who transformed Zionism into a modern Jewish nationalist movement was Theodor Herzl (1860–1904). Born into a wealthy Jewish family in Budapest, Hungary, Herzl later worked as a journalist in Austria. While serving as a correspondent in Paris, he witnessed the [https://www.britannica.com/event/Dreyfus-affair Dreyfus Affair], a shocking event that profoundly influenced his views.

In 1894, Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer in the French army, was accused of selling military secrets to the German Embassy. Despite the lack of credible evidence, he was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment—solely because he was Jewish. The trial ignited a wave of antisemitic fervor in France, and crowds in Paris jeered the protesting Dreyfus, shouting, “Death to the Jews!”<ref>Dr. Yvette Alt Miller, [https://aish.com/the-dreyfus-affair-5-important-facts-for-today/ The Dreyfus Affair: 5 Important Facts for Today], ''aish''</ref> Herzl was deeply shaken by the incident and concluded that antisemitism could never be eradicated through Jewish assimilation into European society. He came to believe that Jews would never be accepted as equals, no matter how integrated they became. In 1896, Herzl published his influential book ''Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State)'', in which he asserted that the only solution to the Jewish problem was the establishment of a sovereign Jewish state. He argued that only through political independence could the Jewish people escape centuries of persecution and secure a safe homeland for themselves. {{quote |“The idea which I have developed in this pamphlet is an ancient one: It is the restoration of the Jewish State. The world resounds with outcries against the Jews, and these outcries have awakened the slumbering idea.”|''The JEWISH STATE'', Theodor Herzl}}

'''The Full-Scale Development of the Zionist Movement''' Herzl’s book sparked a powerful reaction within Jewish communities around the world. In 1897, the First Zionist Congress was convened in Basel, Switzerland, marking the official launch of the Zionist movement. At this historic gathering, delegates adopted a program that called for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine, to be secured under international law. The Zionist Congress subsequently became the political and organizational foundation for the eventual creation of the State of Israel. In 1960, the organization was renamed the [https://www.wzo.org.il/ World Zionist Organization] (WZO), continuing Herzl’s vision of uniting Jews worldwide toward the realization and preservation of their national homeland.

The Zionists, led by Herzl and other Jewish leaders, sought to establish a Jewish state through diplomatic negotiations. In 1901, Herzl appealed to the Ottoman Empire, which then governed the region of Palestine (modern-day Türkiye), requesting autonomy for Jewish settlement there. However, his proposal was firmly rejected.

Undeterred, Herzl turned to Britain the following year to discuss the possibility of Jewish immigration. In 1903, the British government offered a plan that would allow Jews to establish an independent state in an uninhabited region of Uganda in East Africa. Although this proposal appeared to be a rare and promising opportunity, Herzl declined. He insisted that Uganda was not Zion—the Jewish state must be founded in Palestine, the land of their ancestors.<ref name="렘50" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+30%3A3&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 30:3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-uganda-proposal-1903 Zionist Congress: The Uganda Proposal], ''Jewish Virtual Library''</ref>

Carrying with him a deep longing to return to the land of his ancestors, Herzl continued his tireless efforts to realize a Jewish state. However, his health gradually deteriorated, and on July 3, 1904, he passed away at the young age of 44. After his death, the Zionist movement appeared to lose its central leadership for a time, but it was soon revitalized under the guidance of a small group of Jewish leaders from Russia.<ref>[https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/herzls-troubled-dream-origins-zionism Herzl’s Troubled Dream: The Origins of Zionism], ''History Today''</ref> In 1905, following the failure of the Russian Revolution, Jews were unjustly blamed for the uprising, and widespread pogroms<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-a-small-pogrom-in-russia-changed-the-course-of-history/ How a small pogrom in Russia changed the course of history], ''The Times of Israel'', April 9, 2018 </ref>—violent massacres targeting Jewish communities—erupted across the Russian Empire. Fleeing these persecutions, many Jews immigrated to Palestine.

===1914–1918: World War I and the Balfour Declaration===
[[file: Balfour portrait and declaration.JPG |thumb| Arthur James Balfour, British Foreign Secretary, and the Balfour Declaration]]
With the outbreak of World War I (1914–1918), the Zionist movement expanded rapidly and began to wield significant political influence. Among its leading figures was [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chaim-Weizmann Chaim Weizmann], who would later become the first president of Israel. Through persistent diplomatic efforts, Weizmann secured Britain’s support in 1917 for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. On November 2, 1917, Arthur J. Balfour, the British Foreign Secretary, issued the Balfour Declaration, announcing Britain’s support for “the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people.” Although the declaration was largely driven by Britain’s strategic interests in securing influence over the Middle East, for the Jewish people it carried immense symbolic weight. It represented the first official recognition by a major world power of the Zionist movement—and a renewed hope that the Promised Land, lost for nearly two thousand years, might at last be restored.

{{quote |Foreign Office, November 2nd, 1917 <big>Dear Lord Rothschild,</Big> I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty’s Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet: '''“His Majesty’s Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people,''' and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.” I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation. |Yours sincerely, Arthur James Balfour}}

===1920s–1930s: The Full-Scale Movement of Return to Palestine===
[[file: Aliyah (997008137568605171.jpg | thumb | Jewish immigrants returning to the land of Palestine]]
[[file: PikiWiki Israel 20841 The Palmach.jpg | thumb | Jewish immigrants returning to the land of Palestine]]
[[file: Survey of Palestine Page 186.jpg | thumb | Proportion of Jewish Immigrants to Palestine by Country of Origin (1922–1944)]]
The return-to-Palestine movement, known as Aliyah, continued steadily.

The Second Aliyah (1904–1914), which took place after Herzl’s death, was composed mainly of young men and women from Russia, with approximately 40,000 Jews immigrating to Palestine. Although the outbreak of World War I temporarily halted Aliyah, it resumed in 1919, and by 1923 around 35,000 Jews from Eastern European countries had immigrated—this period is known as the Third Aliyah. The Fourth Aliyah (1924–1928) brought about 67,000 returnees, though many later left Palestine. The large-scale return movement known as the Fifth Aliyah occurred between 1929 and 1939, during which more than 250,000 Jews immigrated to Palestine.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071017212351/http:/www.jafi.org.il/education/100/concepts/aliyah3.html New Aliyah - Modern Zionist Aliyot (1882 - 1948),] ''The Zionist Century''</ref>

Those who returned settled in both urban and rural areas, building yishuvim (settlements), health clinics, roads, and ports, thereby laying the foundations for Jewish self-governing organizations. They also established educational institutions to promote Jewish culture and the teaching of the Hebrew language. As noted earlier, after World War I, the number of immigrants rose sharply, leading to a rapid expansion of Jewish settlements. Within a decade, the Jewish population grew to 160,000. According to the official census of March 1925, there were about 108,000 Jews living in Palestine; by around 1933, that number had increased to approximately 238,000.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Nations-Resolution-181 United Nations Resolution 181], ''Britannica''</ref> Immigration surged even more during the 1930s, and by 1939, the Jewish population in Palestinian settlements had reached about 500,000.<ref>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jewish-and-non-jewish-population-of-israel-palestine-1517-present Jewish & Non-Jewish Population of Israel/Palestine], ''Jewish Virtual Library''</ref> As Jews gathered in Palestine, the Arabs who were living there began to strongly oppose their presence. During the Ottoman period, Jewish immigration had been prohibited, but after Britain took control of Palestine, it initially permitted Jewish immigration freely. However, as tensions between Jews and Arabs intensified, Britain began restricting the number of Jewish immigrants in 1939.

Despite these repeated setbacks, the Jewish people continued to long for the establishment of their own state, holding firmly to the hope that the prophecies spoken by the prophets of the Bible would be fulfilled.

In the Old Testament era, when the people of Judah were taken captive to Babylon, the prophets foretold that after the appointed time of punishment, Zion would be restored and God’s people would return to their homeland.<ref name="렘50" /><ref name="습3" />

{{quote5 |내용= But you, O LORD, sit enthroned forever; your renown endures through all generations. You will arise and have compassion on Zion, for it is time to show favor to her; the appointed time has come . . . For the LORD will rebuild Zion and appear in his glory. He will respond to the prayer of the destitute; he will not despise their plea. . . . “. . . to hear the groans of the prisoners and release those condemned to death.” So the name of the LORD will be declared in Zion and his praise in Jerusalem when the peoples and the kingdoms assemble to worship the LORD. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+102%3A12-22&version=NIV Psalms 102:12–22]}}

The prophets’ words were first fulfilled when the Jews were freed from Babylon in the 6th century BC and returned to Zion. From this, the Jewish people learned that even if they sinned against God and were scattered among the nations, in due time God would show them mercy and allow them to return to their homeland. In the 20th century, they firmly believed that this prophecy would again be fulfilled and longed earnestly for the restoration of Zion. Through their tireless efforts—despite hardship and persecution—the miraculous restoration of the state of Israel in the land of their ancestors finally came to pass. Yet the process was by no means smooth.

===1939–1945: World War II and the Holocaust===
[[file: 19450715 Buchenwald survivors arrive in Haifa.jpg |thumb| Jewish survivors from the Buchenwald Concentration Camp returning to Israel]]
Around 1500 BC, when [[Moses]] asked [[Pharaoh]] of Egypt to let the Israelites go, Pharaoh hardened his heart and increased their labor, oppressing them even more.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+5%3A9-14&version=NIV |title=Exodus 5:9–14 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> In a similar way, when the Jewish people—scattered across Europe for 1,900 years and long oppressed—strove to restore their nation, they faced a comparable hardship. Just before the establishment of their independence, the Jews suffered the greatest massacre in human history—the [https://www.britannica.com/event/Holocaust Holocaust].

In January 1933, Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party, became Chancellor of Germany—a nation humiliated by its defeat in World War I. Hitler and the Nazis stirred up extreme antisemitism and implemented systematic policies of Jewish persecution. They portrayed Jews as vermin carrying disease—an inferior race that had to be exterminated.<ref>Miguel Ángel Criado, [https://english.elpais.com/society/2022-12-04/how-nazi-propaganda-dehumanized-jews-to-facilitate-the-holocaust.html How Nazi propaganda dehumanized Jews to facilitate the Holocaust], ''EL PAIS'', December 4, 2022</ref>

After the outbreak of World War II (1939–1945), Jews in Germany and in the German-occupied regions of Central and Eastern Europe were forced to carry identification cards marking them as Jewish. Their basic freedoms were stripped away through forced labor, conscription, and confinement in ghettos. Eventually, they were arrested wherever they were found and sent to [https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/nazi-camps concentration camps such as Auschwitz].

From 1933 until the end of the war in 1945, more than half of the approximately eleven million Jews living in Europe—around six million people, including 1.5 million children<ref>[https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/documenting-numbers-of-victims-of-the-holocaust-and-nazi-persecution How Many People did the Nazis Murder?], ''Holocaust Encyclopedia''</ref>—were murdered. Women, regardless of age, were dragged away naked, and countless Jews were killed through forced labor, starvation, disease, or mass executions in gas chambers. Some were hanged or shot in front of large crowds.

{{quote5 |내용= “ ‘The days are coming,’ declares the LORD, ‘when I will bring my people Israel and Judah back from captivity and restore them to the land I gave their forefathers to possess,’ . . . This is what the LORD says: ‘Cries of fear are heard-- terror, not peace. Ask and see: Can a man bear children? Then why do I see every strong man with his hands on his stomach like a woman in labor, every face turned deathly pale? How awful that day will be! None will be like it. It will be a time of trouble for Jacob, but he will be saved out of it.’ ” |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+30%3A3-7&version=NIV Jeremiah 30:3–7] }}

“[[Jacob]]’s trouble” refers to the event in the Old Testament when Jacob, the ancestor of Israel, returned to his homeland. After sending his family and possessions across the Jabbok River, Jacob was left alone, filled with fear and distress, and wrestled with a man all night. During the struggle, his hip was dislocated, yet he held on and pleaded for a blessing. In the end, he received God’s blessing and was able to return safely to his homeland.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+32%3A22-31&version=NIV |title=Genesis 32:22–31 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> In the same way, the Jewish people, who had been scattered among the nations, endured great suffering and sacrifice as they were about to regain their homeland. Yet, in the end, they too received their blessing—the restoration of their nation.

===1948: The Independence of Israel===
After enduring the horrors of the Holocaust, the Jewish people longed more than ever for the land of their ancestors—Palestine.

Not only Jews in Europe but also those living in the United States joined the Zionist movement, and many immigrated to Palestine.<ref name=":0">[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zionism Zionism], ''Britannica''</ref> As a result, tensions between Arabs and Jews grew increasingly severe, leading Britain to refer the issue to the United Nations (UN). In 1947, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution to partition Palestine into two states—one Arab and one Jewish—and to place Jerusalem under international administration.

On May 14, 1948, Israel proclaimed its Declaration of Independence—the first time in 1,900 years since the fall of Jerusalem. At 4 p.m., approximately 650,000 Jews scattered across the land of Palestine heard David Ben-Gurion’s voice broadcast over the radio.{{quote |“Accordingly we, members of the People’s Council, representatives of the Jewish community of Eretz-Israel and of the Zionist movement, are here assembled . . . and, by virtue of our natural and historic right and on the strength of the resolution of the United Nations General Assembly, hereby declare the establishment of a Jewish State in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel.”
 Note: “Eretz-Israel” is a transliteration of “אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל”.|''Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel'', 14 May 1948}}

After enduring countless hardships and restoring their nation, the Jewish people have continued to devote themselves to their homeland with the firm conviction that a state must exist for its people to live.<ref>Gil Troy, [https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/books/380423/proud-americans-good-jews-embracing-dual-loyalty/ Proud Americans, Good Jews: Embracing Dual Loyalty], ''Jewish Journal'', April 3, 2025</ref>

They also established the [https://www.yadvashem.org/museum/holocaust-history-museum.html Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum] near Jerusalem to ensure that the suffering of the past would never be forgotten. The name Yad Vashem means “a memorial and a name,”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2056%3A5&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 56:5|publisher=|quote= }}</ref> and the museum commemorates the six million Jews who were killed by the Nazis in Europe. The photographs and artifacts displayed there vividly portray the persecution and humiliation the Jewish people endured while being scattered throughout the world.

Their unwavering yearning for the restoration of Zion is powerfully expressed in Israel’s national anthem.

{{quote |As long as in the heart, within, 
A Jewish soul still yearns, 
And onward, towards the ends of the east, 
An eye still gazes toward Zion; 
Our hope is not yet lost, 
The hope that is two thousand years old, 
To be a free nation in our land, 
The land of Zion and Jerusalem.|'''Hatikvah (The Hope)'''}}

==Modern Zionism==
[[file: Alyah 1948-2007 en.svg | thumb | Jewish Immigration to Israel from 1948 to 2007]]
[[file: Israel - Location Map (2012) - ISR - UNOCHA.svg |thumb| The territory of Israel as of 2012: The ultimate goal of the Zionist movement was the establishment of a Jewish state within Palestine.]]
The Zionist movement’s ultimate goal—Israel’s independence—was finally realized. However, this achievement also gave rise to ongoing conflicts between Israel and the surrounding Arab nations in the Middle East. Today, the term ''Zionism'' generally refers to the efforts of the Jewish people to protect and strengthen their nation, but over time it has also become associated with violent conflicts, acts of terrorism both inside and outside Israel, and territorial disputes with Arab states.<ref name=":0" />

In 1968, at the 27th Zionist Congress held in Jerusalem, the following five articles were adopted as the official program of Zionism:<ref>''RESOLUTIONS of the 27th ZIONIST CONGRESS with A Summary of the Proceedings and the Composition of the Congress'', ORGANIZATION AND INFORMATION DEPARTMENT OF THE ZIONIST EXECUTIVE, 1968</ref>

① Unite the Jewish people and make Israel the center of Jewish life.

② Gather Jews from all nations of dispersion back to their historic homeland.

③ Build the Jewish state firmly upon justice and peace.

④ Preserve Jewish identity and character by teaching all Jews Hebrew, Jewish culture, and Jewish spirit.

⑤ Protect the rights of the Jewish people.

However, the hardline Zionist view that Jews living outside Israel are effectively in exile—and that only in Israel can they truly live as Jews—has become a source of division even among the Jewish people.<ref name=":0" />
==Lesson==
In the Bible, Zion does not merely refer to the physical nation of Israel. It is described as the holy dwelling place of God, where He grants the forgiveness of sins and bestows the blessing of eternal life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+133%3A1-3&version=NIV |title=Psalms 133:1–3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+12%3A22-24&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 12:22–24 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Therefore, the history of the people of Israel and the restoration of the city of Zion serve as a spiritual mirror, reflecting what will take place with the spiritual Israelites and the spiritual Zion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+15%3A4&version=NIV |title=Romans 15:4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ecclesiastes+1%3A9-10&version=NIV |title=Ecclesiastes 1:9–10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

Spiritual Zion is the place where God’s feasts are observed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+33%3A20-24&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 33:20–24 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Jesus Himself kept these feasts and established the spiritual Zion as the dwelling place of salvation for His people. However, after all the apostles passed away, the work of lawlessness spread within the church,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+2%3A3-7&version=NIV |title=2 Thessalonians 2:3–7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and one by one, the truths that Jesus had established were altered. In AD 321, the [[Sabbath]] was abolished, and a decree was issued designating [[Lord’s Day Worship (Sunday Worship)|Sunday]] as the official day of worship. In AD 325, the Feast of the Passover was completely abolished. Just as the physical Zion once became desolate, the [[New Covenant|new covenant]] feasts that Jesus had carefully established to build Zion were destroyed, leaving the spiritual Zion utterly desolate. Those who tried to uphold the truth were branded as heretics and even put to death, ushering in the period known as the Dark Ages.

Even during nearly two thousand years of exile and wandering, the nation of Israel never lost hope of rebuilding their homeland and worked tirelessly for its independence. In the same way, the forefathers of faith longed earnestly to return to their spiritual homeland—the [[Kingdom of Heaven|kingdom of heaven]]—and held firmly to the feasts of the new covenant until the very end. This unwavering spirit serves as a model for believers today, who keep and proclaim [[The Feasts of God|God’s feasts]] and devote themselves to building spiritual Zion throughout the world, leading all people to the kingdom of heaven.

==See also==
*[[Zion]]
*[[Spiritual Zion]]
*[[Zion’s Restoration]]

==Bibliography==
*Choi Chang-mo, ''History of Israel'', Daehan Textbook, 2007.

==References==
<references />

[[Category: Bible Knowledge]]

The Writers of the Bible

2026-04-23T05:46:43Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:성경의 저자]][[File:Old Bible.jpg|thumb|The Bible containing God’s will and words]]The ultimate author of the Bible is [[God]]. Although the sixty-six books of the Bible were written over a period of about 1,600 years by around forty different writers, the entire Bible maintains remarkable consistency and unity in its message. This is because the writers did not record their own ideas but conveyed the will and thoughts of God. The fulfillment of the prophecies written in the Bible also bears witness that God is its true author.

==Writers of the Bible==
The sixty-six books of the Bible were written over approximately 1,600 years—from around 1500 [[BC and AD|BC]] to [[BC and AD|AD]] 96—by people from diverse times, places, and backgrounds. Among them were kings such as [[David]] and [[Solomon]], a shepherd like Amos, a tax collector like [[Matthew]], and fishermen like [[John (Apostle)|John]] and Peter.
===Writers and Dates of the Old Testament===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width: 720px;"
|-style="color: white; background: #0F4C82"
|'''Bible'''
|'''Writer (Approx.)'''
|'''Date (Approx.)'''
|-style="background: white"
|[[Genesis]], [[The Exodus|Exodus]], [[Book of Leviticus|Leviticus]], [[Numbers]], [[Deuteronomy]] || [[Moses]] ||c. 1500 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Joshua |Joshua]] || [[Joshua]]||c. 1450–1400 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Judges]] ||Samuel
|c. 1000 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Ruth|Ruth]]||Unknown
|c. 1000 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of 1 Samuel|1]] & [[Book of 2 Samuel|2 Samuel]]
|Unknown
|c. 900 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[1 Kings|1]] & [[2 Kings]]
|Unknown
|c. 600 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[1 Chronicles|1]] & [[Book of 2 Chronicles|2 Chronicles]]
|Ezra
|c. 450 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Ezra (Bible) |Ezra]] ||Ezra
|c. 440 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Nehemiah (Bible)|Nehemiah]]||Nehemiah or Ezra
|c. 420 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Esther]] ||Mordecai
|c. 464–436 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Job|Job]]||Job (Uncertain)
|c. 2000–1500 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Psalms]] || [[David]] and many others ||c. 1500–400 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Proverbs|Proverbs]], [[Book of Ecclesiastes|Ecclesiastes]], [[Song of Songs]] || [[Solomon]] and others ||c. 1000–700 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Isaiah]] || Isaiah ||c. 730–680 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Jeremiah (Bible) |Jeremiah]], [[Lamentations]] || Jeremiah ||c. 620–580 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Ezekiel (Bible)|Ezekiel]]|| Ezekiel ||c. 593–570 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Daniel |Daniel]] || Daniel ||c. 530 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Hosea]] || Hosea ||c. 750 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Joel|Joel]]|| Joel ||8th century BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Amos]] || Amos ||c. 760 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Obadiah|Obadiah]]|| Obadiah ||c. 580 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Jonah]] || Jonah ||c. 760 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Micah|Micah]]|| Micah ||c. 700 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Nahum]] || Nahum ||7th century BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Habakkuk]] || Habakkuk ||7th century BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Zephaniah]] || Zephaniah ||c. 630 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Haggai]] || Haggai ||c. 520 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Zechariah]] || Zechariah ||c. 520–518 BC
|-style="background: white"
|[[Malachi|Malachi]]|| Malachi ||c. 430 BC
|}

===Writers and Dates of the New Testament===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-style="color: white; background: #0F4C82"
|'''Bible'''
|'''Writer (Approx.)'''
|'''Date (Approx.)'''
|-style="background: white"
|[[The Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]]
|[[Matthew]]
|60–70
|-style="background: white"
|[[Mark]]
|Mark
|55–65
|-style="background: white"
|[[Gospel of Luke|Luke]]
| [[Luke]]||60–68
|-style="background: white"
|[[Gospel of John|John]]
| [[John (Apostle)]]||80–90
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Acts|Acts]]
| Luke ||61–63
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Romans|Romans]], [[1 Corinthians|1]] & [[2 Corinthians|2 Corinthians]], [[Book of Galatians|Galatians]], [[Book of Ephesians|Ephesians]], [[Philippians|Philippians]], [[Book of Colossians|Colossians]], [[Book of 1 Thessalonians|1]] & [[Book of 2 Thessalonians|2 Thessalonians]], [[Book of 1 Timothy|1]] & [[Book of 2 Timothy|2 Timothy]], [[Book of Titus|Titus]], [[Book of Philemon|Philemon]]
| [[Paul]]||51–67
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Hebrews|Hebrews]]
|Paul (Uncertain)
|65–69
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of James|James]]
|James
|60–62
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of 1 Peter|1]] & [[Book of 2 Peter|2 Peter]]
|Peter
|64–67
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of 1 John|1]] & [[Book of 2 John|2]] & [[Book of 3 John|3 John]]
|John
|85–95
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Jude|Jude]]
|Judah
|65–80
|-style="background: white"
|[[Revelation]]
|John
|95–96
|}

==God, the True Author of the Bible==
Although the writers of the [[Bible]] lived in different times, under different circumstances, and had different occupations, the messages they recorded are clearly unified in purpose and theme. This is because they did not write of their own will, but wrote the words they received from God.

Apostle Peter explained that the prophecies in Scripture did not originate from human will, but from people who spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.

{{quote5 |내용= For prophecy never had its origin in the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+1%3A21&version=NIV 2 Peter 1:21]}}

The phrase ''“spoken from God”'' implies that although human hands penned the text, its content conveys the will and message of God. For example, if a wealthy man instructs a lawyer to draft a will and dictates its content, the lawyer may write it down, but the true author of the will is the wealthy man, not the lawyer. This is because the content of the will reflects the words and intentions of the man who gave the instruction, not those of the one who wrote it.

In the same way, God is the true author of the Bible. Apostle Paul also affirmed this in his letter to Timothy, stating that all Scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting, and training in righteousness, so that people may be led to salvation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Timothy+3%3A15-17&version=NIV |title=2 Timothy 3:15–17 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==Evidence That God Is the Author of the Bible==
One way to confirm that the Bible is truly the word of God is by examining whether its prophecies have been fulfilled.

{{quote5 |내용= You may say to yourselves, "How can we know when a message has not been spoken by the LORD?” If what a prophet proclaims in the name of the LORD does not take place or come true, that is a message the LORD has not spoken. That prophet has spoken presumptuously. Do not be afraid of him. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+18%3A21-22&version=NIV Deuteronomy 18:21–22]}}

If there is no evidence of fulfillment, the message is not from God. Conversely, if what was foretold comes to pass, then the message is from God. The fulfillment of biblical prophecy is clear evidence that God is the true author of the Bible.

* '''Example 1: The Prophecies of Daniel''' The book of Daniel foretold the succession of world empires—[[Babylon]] (Neo-Babylonia), followed by Media-Persia, and then Greece. It also predicted that after the death of Alexander the Great, the Greek Empire would be divided into four kingdoms among his generals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+8%3A20-22&version=NIV |title=Daniel 8:20–22 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> God revealed this prophecy to Daniel long before the fall of Babylon, and history records its exact fulfillment.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+8%3A1&version=NIV |title=Daniel 8:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

* '''Example 2: The Prophecies about Jesus Christ''' The [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]] contains numerous detailed prophecies concerning the life of [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]]—from His birth to His suffering on the [[cross]]. These include: being born of the virgin [[Mary (Mother of Jesus)|Mary]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+7%3A14&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 7:14 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+1%3A18-23&version=NIV |title=Matthew 1:18–23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> preaching the [[gospel]] in [[Galilee]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+9%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 9:1–2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4%3A12-16&version=NIV |title=Matthew 4:12–16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> entering [[Jerusalem]] on a donkey’s colt,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Zechariah+9%3A9&version=NIV |title=Zechariah 9:9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12%3A12-16&version=NIV |title=John 12:12–16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> being [[Crucifixion|crucified]] between two criminals, and being laid in the tomb of a rich man after His death.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+53%3A9&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 53:9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27%3A38%2C&version=NIV |title=Matthew 27:38, 57-60 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> All these prophecies were fulfilled exactly as written, confirming that the Bible is truly the word of God.

==See also==
*[[Bible]]
*[[The Old Testament]]
*[[The New Testament]]
*[[The Role of the Bible]]
*[[The Original Languages of the Bible]]
*[[The Theme of the Bible]]
*[[Interpretation of the Bible]]
*[[Authority and Preservation of the Bible]]
*[[Composition of the Bible]]
*[[Prophecies About Jesus in the Bible]]

==References==
<references />

{{성경 둘러보기}}

[[Category:Bible]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]

Day Reckoning in the Bible

2026-04-23T05:40:56Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:성경의 날짜 규정]][[file:Seaside sunrise starburst effect.jpg |thumb|The Bible considers the morning, when the sun rises, as marking the beginning of a new day. (Image source: Wikimedia Commons)]]The '''Bible’s day reckoning''' follows the sunrise theory, which considers morning, when the sun rises, as the beginning of a day. However, in modern times, Judaism and denominations such as the Seventh-day Adventist Church regard evening, when the sun sets, as the start of a day.<ref name=":0">[https://www.jtsa.edu/torah/the-day-begins-with-night/ The Day Begins with Night], ISMAR SCHORSCH, ''JTS'', October 25, 1997</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.adventist.org/the-sabbath/ What Adventists Believe about the Sabbath], ''Seventh-day Adventist Church''</ref> To properly observe God’s appointed feasts, one must accurately understand the Bible’s day reckoning. The [[Bible]] defines the beginning of a day as morning, and the feasts were established accordingly.

==Necessity of the Bible’s Day Reckoning==
In ancient times, before the invention of clocks, various calendars were created based on the observation of celestial movements, with variations by region. A calendar is a system that organizes days, months, and years for daily life, religious observance, and historical or scientific purposes.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/calendar Calendar], ''Britannica''</ref> The definition of a day, the fundamental unit of a calendar, significantly influences the reckoning of dates.

[[The Feasts of God|God’s feasts]] were established according to the sacred calendar, which is the calendar from the Bible. Therefore, understanding the biblical regulations for dates—specifically, when a day begins according to the Scripture—is essential for correctly observing God’s feasts.

==Sunset Theory ==
[[file:일몰설1_en.png |thumb | 350px |An illustration drawn to easily understand the sunset theory]]
===Meaning ===
The sunset theory asserts that a day begins at sunset, specifically when the sun goes down, and ends at sunset the following day. Since the moment of sunset marks the start of the day, night precedes day. The sunset marks the change of date.

Today, Jews observe Jewish holidays according to the sunset theory.<ref name=":0" /> Similarly, the Seventh-day Adventists base their Sabbath observance on this principle, noting that the Sabbath begins on Friday evening and concludes on Saturday evening.<ref name=":1" />

===Contradictions of the Sunset Theory ===
* '''Record of the Six-Day Creation'''
Proponents of the sunset theory cite the account of the [[Six-Day Creation|six days of creation]] in [[Genesis]] as a key piece of evidence.

{{quote5 |내용= And there was '''evening''', and there was '''morning'''—the first day. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%201%3A5&version=NIV Genesis 1:5]}}
[[file:일몰설_6일_창조_en.png |thumb | 350px |The error of the six-day creation according to the sunset theory]]
In this verse, it is argued that “since evening appears before morning, the Bible indicates that the start of the day is in the evening.” However, the Bible states, “And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.” This implies that the end of the first day is marked by morning. If, according to their claim, the day begins at sunset, a contradiction arises: the day would consist of only 12 hours from evening to morning, eliminating the remaining 12 hours of daylight. This error occurs because they overlook the fact that [[God]] created light before the evening, which accounts for the existence of daytime prior to the evening.

{{quote5 |내용= And God said, “'''Let there be light''',” and there was light. God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. God called the light “day,” and the darkness he called “night.” And there was evening, and '''there was morning—the first day.''' |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%201%3A3%E2%80%935&version=NIV Genesis 1:3–5]}}

God first created light before stating, “There was evening, and there was morning.” This indicates that daytime came before evening, serving as evidence that the day begins in the morning. Therefore, according to the Bible, the start of the day cannot be in the evening.

* '''Date of the Day of Atonement'''
[[file:800px-일몰설_대속죄일_en.png |thumb | 450px |The error in the date of the Day of Atonement according to the sunset theory]]
Another biblical passage that the proponents of the sunset theory cite as evidence is [[Book of Leviticus|Leviticus]] 23.
{{quote5 |내용= “It is a day of sabbath rest for you, and you must deny yourselves. '''From the evening''' of the ninth day of the month '''until the following evening''' you are to observe your sabbath.” |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus%2023%3A32&version=NIV Leviticus 23:32]}}

They argue that “since God commanded that the Sabbath be observed from evening to the next evening, this means that the day begins in the evening.” However, Leviticus 23:32 refers to the Day of Atonement, not the weekly seventh-day [[Sabbath]]. When the [[Day of Atonement]] was referred to as a Sabbath, it was merely a symbolic expression of refraining from work on the holy days. Similarly, the Bible also refers to the [[Feast of Trumpets]] on the first day of the seventh month as a sabbath.
{{quote5 |내용= “Say to the Israelites: ‘On the '''first day of the seventh month''' you are to have a day of '''sabbath''' rest, a sacred assembly commemorated with trumpet blasts.’ ” |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus%2023%3A24&version=NIV Leviticus 23:24]}}

The Feast of Trumpets (the first day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar) and the Day of Atonement (the tenth day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar), which have fixed dates each year, cannot always coincide with the seventh-day Sabbath. Therefore, the sabbath in Leviticus 23:32 does not signify the seventh-day Sabbath.

According to the sunset theory, the Day of Atonement would fall on the 9th of the seventh month. However, the biblical Day of Atonement is observed on the 10th of the seventh month.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A27&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:27 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Therefore, the Day of Atonement cannot be observed according to the Bible if the sunset perspective is applied. The observance of the Day of Atonement on the 10th day of the seventh month, as prescribed in the Bible, is possible only when following the sunrise theory.

== Sunrise Theory ==
[[file:일출설1_en.png |thumb | 350px |An illustration drawn to easily understand the sunrise theory]]
=== Meaning ===
The sunrise theory posits that a day begins at sunrise, meaning it starts in the morning and ends the following morning. Since the rising of the sun marks the start of the day, daytime occurs first, followed by nighttime. The next morning serves as both the conclusion of the previous day and the starting point of a new day, establishing the basis for date changes. The Bible defines dates based on sunrise.

=== Evidence of Sunrise Theory ===
* '''Record of 1 Samuel'''
When the events recorded in [[Book of 1 Samuel|1 Samuel]] 19 are arranged chronologically, it becomes evident that the Bible establishes dates based on sunrise.
[[file:일출설 내일_en.png |thumb | 480px |The contradiction in sunset theory and the validity of sunrise theory viewed through the concept of “tomorrow”]]
{{quote5 |내용= Saul sent men to David’s house to watch it and to kill him in the '''morning'''. But Michal, David’s wife, warned him, “If you don’t run for your life '''tonight, tomorrow''' you’ll be killed.” |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Samuel%2019%3A11&version=NIV 1 Samuel 19:11]}}

When her father [[Saul]] sought to kill her husband [[David]], Michal wanted to help him escape. During the night, she and David conversed, aware of Saul’s intention to kill David the following morning. Because the sunset theory posits that night comes before day, according to this view, Michal should have referred to the approaching morning as “today.” However, when Michal spoke with David (at point A in the illustration), she referred to the upcoming morning as “tomorrow,” meaning the next day. This demonstrates that the Bible establishes dates based on the sunrise.

* '''Records of Jesus’ Resurrection'''
The concept of the sunrise theory as a biblical regulation of dates can also be understood through the [[Jesus’ Resurrection|resurrection]] of [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]], who [[Resurrection|rose]] from the dead in the “morning” of the first day of the week.
{{quote5 |내용= When Jesus rose '''early on the first day of the week''' . . . |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%2016%3A9%E2%80%935&version=NIV Mark 16:9–5]}}
[[file:800px-일몰설 부활 en.png | thumb| 600px |The first day of the week, according to the sunset theory, on which Jesus’ resurrection took place]]
[[file:일출설 부활_en.png | thumb| 500px |The first day of the week, according to the sunrise theory, on which Jesus’ resurrection took place]]
The resurrected Jesus appeared to His disciples that very “evening.”
{{quote5 |내용= On the '''evening of that first day of the week''', when the disciples were together, with the doors locked for fear of the Jewish leaders, Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you!” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%2020%3A19&version=NIV John 20:19]}}

If we explain this according to the sunset theory, the evening when Jesus appeared to His disciples would be considered the evening of the second day (B in the illustration of the sunset theory). Additionally, the evening of the first day (C in the illustration of the sunset theory) would be before Jesus had even been resurrected.

On the other hand, viewing this situation from the sunrise perspective presents no issues. Jesus was resurrected on the morning of the first day of the week (A in the illustration of the sunrise theory) and appeared to His disciples that evening (B in the illustration of the sunrise theory), which aligns perfectly with the biblical account. In other words, the Bible indicates that the beginning of the day is in the morning.

== See also ==
*[[Biblical Time System]]
*[[The Commandments of God]]
*[[Worship]]

== References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Issues]]
[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]

The New Testament

2026-04-23T05:38:41Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:신약성경]][[File:Papyrus 66 (GA).jpg|thumb|The New Testament that was discovered in Egypt in 1952: They were written in Greek on papyrus, and they are called the "Bodmer Papyri" named after Martin Bodmer who purchased them.<ref>[https://bodmerlab.unige.ch/fr/constellations/papyri Bodmer Payri], ''Bodmer Lab''</ref><ref>James M Robinson, The Story of the Bodmer Papyri, From the First Monastery's Library in Upper Egypt to Geneva and Dublin, 2013</ref>]]The '''New Testament''' written in the first century<ref>The Bible, Religions, John Drane, ''BBC'', July 12, 2011</ref> after the birth of [[Jesus Christ]], consists of 27 books and contains the covenant that God established to save mankind. They are arranged in the following order: the four Gospels that contain the work and teachings of Jesus, the records of the [[Apostle|apostle]]'s preaching activities, the letters sent to [[Church|churches]] or individuals, and a book of prophecy.<ref name=":0" /> Judaism accepts only the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]] as the Holy Scriptures, but Christianity understands the relationship between the Old and New Testaments as the relationship between promises and their fulfillment. Christians recognize both the Old Testament and the New Testament as the Holy Scriptures.<ref>[https://time.com/5606942/jewish-christian-bible/ Judaism and Christianity Both Rely on the Hebrew Bible. Why Do They Interpret It So Differently?], HISTORY FAITH, John Barton, ''TIME.com'', June 14, 2019</ref>

==The Naming of the New Testament==
{{그림 |최후의 만찬 유월절.jpg|너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Jesus established the new covenant by keeping the Passover.}}
The New Testament means the ''[[New Covenant|new covenant]]''. Its name was given to differentiate it from the ''[[The Old Testament|Old Testament]]''. The first covenant [[God]] established with the Israelites in the time of [[Moses]] was the ''[[The Old Covenant|old covenant]]'', and the new covenant was established by Jesus while preaching the gospel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+8%3A13&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 8:13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The term ''Scriptures'' written in the New Testament refers to the ''Old Testament''.

==Languages==
The New Testament was written in Greek, the international language of that time and the language used in the Roman Empire.<ref>[https://www.biblica.com/resources/bible-faqs/in-what-language-was-the-bible-first-written/ In what language was the Bible first written?], Bible Resources Frequently Asked Questions In what language was the Bible first written?, ''Biblica''</ref> To spread the [[gospel]] throughout the empire, not limiting it to the Jewish nation, the apostles wrote the Bible in Greek; however, it is said that the books of Matthew and Hebrews were written in [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hebrew-language Hebrew] for the Jews, and later translated into Greek.<ref>Chapter XXIV., The order of the gospels, Isaac Boyle, The Ecclesiastical History, Eusebius Pamphilus, pg. 108, 1856</ref><ref>Robert L. Lindsey, Jesus, Rabbi and Lord: The Hebrew Story of Jesus Behind Our Gospels, January 1, 1989</ref>

==Writer and Date==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-style="color: white; background: #0F4C82"
|'''Bible'''
|'''Writer'''
|'''Date (Approx.)'''
|-style="background: white"
|[[The Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]]
|[[Matthew]]
|A.D. 60–70<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Matthew 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|-style="background: white"
|[[Gospel of Mark|Mark]]
|Mark
|A.D. 55–65<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Mark 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|-style="background: white"
|[[Gospel of Luke|Luke]]
|Luke
|A.D. 60–68<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%201&version=NIV&tab=intro Luke 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|-style="background: white"
|[[Gospel of John|John]]
|[[John (Apostle)|John]]
|A.D. 80–90<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+1&version=NIV&tab=intro John 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Acts|Acts]]
|Luke
|A.D. 61–63<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Acts 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Romans|Romans]], [[1 Corinthians|1]] & [[2 Corinthians|2 Corinthians]], [[Book of Galatians|Galatians]], [[Book of Ephesians|Ephesians]], [[Philippians|Philippians]], [[Book of Colossians|Colossians]], [[Book of 1 Thessalonians|1]] & [[Book of 2 Thessalonians|2 Thessalonians]], [[Book of 1 Timothy|1]]& [[Book of 2 Timothy|2 Timothy]], [[Book of Titus|Titus]], [[Book of Philemon|Philemon]]
|[[Paul]]
|A.D. 51–67<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Romans 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 1 Corinthians 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 2 Corinthians 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Galatians 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Ephesians 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Philippians+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Philippians 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Colossians 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Thessalonians+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 1 Thessalonians 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 2 Thessalonians 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Timothy+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 1 Timothy 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Timothy+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 2 Timothy 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Titus+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Titus 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Philemon+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Philemon 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Hebrews|Hebrews]]
|Paul (uncertain)
|A.D. 65–68<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Hebrews 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of James|James]]
|James
|A.D. 60–62<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=James+1&version=NIV&tab=intro James 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of 1 Peter|1]] & [[Book of 2 Peter|2 Peter]]
|[[Peter]]
|A.D. 64–67<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 1 Peter 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 2 Peter 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of 1 John|1]] & [[Book of 2 John|2]] & [[Book of 3 John|3 John]]
|John
|A.D. 85–95<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 1 John 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+John+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 2 John 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=3+John+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 3 John 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|-style="background: white"
|[[Book of Jude|Jude]]
|Jude
|A.D. 65–80<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jude+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Jude 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|-style="background: white"
|[[Revelation]]
|John
|A.D. 95–96<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Revelation 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|}

==Structure==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-style="color: white; background: #0F4C82"
|'''Class.'''
|'''Content'''
|-style="background: white"
|The Gospels (4 Books)<ref name=":0">[https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/0195161238/studentresources/chapter01/ Chapter 01 What is the New Testament?], Bart D. Ehrman, A Brief Introduction to the New Testament, ''Oxford University Press''</ref>
|Matthew, Mark, Luke, John
|-style="background: white"
|The Book of History (1 Book)<ref name=":0" />
|Acts
|-style="background: white"
|Pauline Epistles (14 Books)<ref name=":0" />
|Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews
|-style="background: white"
|General Epistles (7 Books)<ref name=":0" />
|James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude
|-style="background: white"
|Book of Prophecy (1 Book)<ref name=":0" />
|Revelation
|}
===The Gospels===
The Gospels refer to the books of '''Matthew, Mark, Luke,''' and '''John''' and are found at the beginning of the New Testament. The Gospels focus on the work and teachings of Jesus. The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are written from a similar point of view, which is why they are referred to as the synoptic Gospels.<ref>C.G. Montefiore, The Synoptic Gospels, 1909</ref>

===The Book of History===
The book of '''Acts''' is the only historical book in the New Testament. This book talks about the work of the apostles preaching the gospel not only to Judea but also to the Gentile nations after [[The Ascension of Jesus|Jesus’ ascension]].<ref>From the NIV Study Bible, Introductions to the Books of the Bible, Acts, 2002</ref>
===Pauline Epistles===
Some believe that there are 13 Pauline epistles,<ref>Chapter 13 Hebrews, Edward W. Bauman, An Introduction to the New Testament, pg. 93</ref> and some believe there are 14 because the writer of '''Hebrews''' is presumed to be Paul.<ref>Rev. W. J. Conybeare, M.A., The Epistles of Paul</ref> They can be divided into three types: letters sent to the churches established during Apostle Paul’s three missionary journeys ('''Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 & 2 Thessalonians'''); letters he sent to his fellow workers working for the gospel ('''1 & 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon'''); and an epistle targeting a certain class of people ('''Hebrews'''). They are also classified into prison epistles ('''Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon''') and pastoral epistles ('''1 & 2 Timothy, Titus''') that record the guidelines of the ministry.
{{참고|Paul’s Epistles|설명=}}
===General Epistles===
The general epistles refer to the epistles in the New Testament excluding the Pauline epistles: '''James, 1 & 2 Peter, 1 & 2 & 3 John, Jude'''. Some scholars include the book of Hebrews in the general epistles.
===The Book of Prophecy===
The last book of the New Testament, '''Revelation''', is a book of prophecy. It was written by Apostle John, who was one of Jesus’ twelve disciples, as he received a revelation from Jesus while he was in exile on the island of Patmos.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+1%3A1%2C+9-10&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV |title=Revelation 1:1, 9-10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Bible begins with the creation of the heavens and the earth in the book of [[Genesis|Genesis]], and ends with the creation of a new heaven and a new earth. This refers to the coming of the [[Kingdom of Heaven|kingdom of heaven]] in the book of Revelation.

==Formation and Preservation of the New Testament==
[[file:Papyrus 75a.gif |thumb | 200px |Manuscript of the New Testament written on papyrus in about the third century with fragments of Luke chapter 24 and John chapter 1]]
The New Testament was recorded in the Apostolic Age during the 1st century. As the disciples who witnessed [[Life of Jesus|Jesus’ life]] and [[Jesus' Resurrection|resurrection]] died one after another, it was necessary to write [[The Major Works of Jesus Christ|Jesus’ work]] and preserve it.

In addition, the apostles and church leaders sent letters to the churches to teach them how to build up their faith correctly. These letters were copied, shared, and read by many churches for a long time. Churches have acknowledged these books as part of the Bible because they share how to follow the teachings of Jesus and the apostles.<ref>Charles Bray Williams, New Testament history and literature, 1917</ref>

The original copy of the New Testament does not exist. From the beginning, manuscripts were made and sent to various churches, and manuscripts of the manuscripts were made when they were worn out. At that time, the manuscripts were usually written on a scroll made by weaving reeds called [https://www.britannica.com/topic/papyrus-writing-material papyrus], which was easily obtained in Egypt. Papyrus, however, didn’t last long; it was either broken or rotted due to moisture.<ref>[https://www.earlybible.com/ Pictures of The New Testament Papyri], ''Early Bible''</ref> [https://www.britannica.com/topic/parchment Parchment] was also used to make manuscripts. Parchment, which was made of sheepskin, lasted longer than papyrus and could be bound in the shape of a book.<ref>[https://www.museumofthebible.org/book-minute/what-is-parchment WHAT IS PARCHMENT?], ''Museum of the Bible''</ref> Until the invention of printing in the fifteenth century, the Bible was handed down through manuscripts.<ref>[https://museumofprinting.org/news-and-events/gutenberg-and-the-history-of-the-printed-bible/#:~:text=Gutenberg%20chose%20the%20Bible%20as,%2C%20in%20his%20case%2C%20German. Gutenberg and the History of the Printed Bible], ''Museum of Printing''</ref>

==Main Characters and Regions==
* '''Characters''': [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]], [[John the Baptist]], [[John (Apostle)|John]], [[Matthew]], Mark, [[Luke]], [[Peter]], [[Paul]], [[Philip]], [[James (Son of Zebedee)|James]], Timothy, Thomas, [[Judas Iscariot]], [[Herod]], Pilate, Cornelius, [[Mary]], Nicodemus
* '''Regions''': [[Jerusalem]], [[Mount of Olives]], [[Galilee]], [[Capernaum]], [[Nazareth]], [[Samaria]], Antioch, Galatia, Thessalonica, Corinth, [[Colosse]], Rome, [[Ephesus]], Philippi

==See also==
* [[Bible]]
* [[The Old Testament]]

==References==
<references />

{{성경 둘러보기}}

[[Category:Bible]]
[[Category:New Testament]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]

The Old Testament

2026-04-23T05:38:36Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:구약성경]][[File:Great Isaiah Scroll Ch53.jpg|thumb|Great Isaiah Scroll (Dead Sea Scrolls) (Source: [http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/isaiah The Israel Museum])]]The '''Old Testament''', written before the birth of [[Jesus Christ]], contains the history of the Israelites, God’s plan for salvation, and prophecies about the [[Messiah]]. There are 39 books in total, arranged in the following order: books of the law, books of history, books of poetry, and books of prophecy. The Old Testament was written over a period of about a thousand years. Its last book, [[Malachi|Malachi]], was written around 400 B.C.<ref>How Did We Get the Old Testament?, ''Zondervan Academic'', May 18, 2018</ref><ref>Who Wrote the Bible?, ''History.com'', September 26, 2023</ref><ref>The New Cambridge History of the Bible, 1 - The languages of the Old Testament, May 5, 2013, pp. 3–21</ref>

==The Naming of the Old Testament==
The word ''Old Testament'' means ''Old Covenant''. It contains God’s promise that was given to the Israelites until Jesus Christ came. Originally, it was called the “Scriptures.” Over time, it started to be called the “Old Testament” to differentiate it from the [[The New Testament|New Testament]]. It is also called the Hebrew Bible because most of it was written in Hebrew. The Bible quoted by Jesus and the apostles was the Old Testament.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+24%3A27&version=NIV |title=Luke 24:27 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+8%3A30-35&version=NIV |title=Acts 8:30–35 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==Languages==
Most of the Old Testament was written in Hebrew. After the Babylonian (Neo-Babylonian) captivity, however, the Jews gradually started to speak more Aramaic, a language spoken in Babylon and Persia. Because of this, some of the books that were written after that time were written in Aramaic (Ezra 4:8–6:18; 7:12–26; Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:4–7:28; part of Ge 31:47).<ref>Aramaic and the Old Testament - Part 1, Aramaic Thoughts, Language Studies, ''StudyLight.org''</ref>

By the third and fourth centuries B.C., Hebrew was rarely spoken outside of Palestine.<ref>Language, Power and Identity in Ancient Palestine, Seth Schwartz, ''JSTOR''</ref> For the sake of the Jews who did not speak Hebrew, living scattered in the countries along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, more than 70 Jewish scholars translated the Old Testament into Greek. At that time, Greek was the official international language. This translation is called the ''Septuagint'', and it is the oldest translation of the Old Testament. Most of the Old Testament texts quoted in the New Testament were taken from the Septuagint, and the names of the books of the Old Testament are also greatly influenced by it.<ref>The Septuagint, Jennifer M. Dines, 2004</ref><ref>Vetus Testamentum ex versione Septuaginta interpretum secundum exemplar Vaticanum Romae editum, accedit potior varietas Codicis Alexandrini, 1875</ref><ref>Gill, N.S. "[https://thoughtco.com/the-story-of-the-septuagint-bible-119834 The Story of the Septuagint Bible and the Name Behind It.]" ''ThoughtCo'', September 8, 2021</ref>

==Writers and Dates==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width: 720px;"
|- style="color: white; background: #0F4C82"
|'''Bible'''
|'''Writer'''
|'''Date (Approx.)'''
|- style="background: white"
|[[Genesis|Genesis]], [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]], [[Book of Leviticus|Leviticus]], [[Book of Numbers|Numbers]], [[Deuteronomy|Deuteronomy]]
|[[Moses]]
|1500 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Genesis 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Exodus 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Leviticus 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Numbers 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Deuteronomy 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Joshua|Joshua]]
|[[Joshua]]
|1450–1400 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Joshua 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Judges|Judges]]
|Samuel
|1000 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Judges 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Ruth|Ruth]]
|Unknown
|1000 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ruth+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Ruth 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of 1 Samuel|1]] & [[Book of 2 Samuel|2 Samuel]]
|Unknown
|900 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 1 Samuel 1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+1&version=NIV&tab=intro 2 Samuel 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[1 Kings|1]] & [[2 Kings|2 Kings]]
|Unknown
|600 B.C.<ref name=":0">[https://www.biblegateway.com/blog/2016/02/when-was-each-book-of-the-bible-written/ When Was Each Book of the Bible Written?], Jonathan Petersen, February 1, 2016</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[1 Chronicles|1]] & [[Book of 2 Chronicles|2 Chronicles]]
|Ezra
|450 B.C.<ref name=":0" />
|- style="background: white"
|[[Ezra (Bible)|Ezra]]
|Ezra
|440 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezra+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Ezra 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Nehemiah (Bible)|Nehemiah (Bible)]]
|Nehemiah or Ezra
|420 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Nehemiah+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Nehemiah 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Esther|Esther]]
|Mordecai
|464–436 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Esther+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Esther 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Job|Job]]
|Job (uncertain)
|2000–1500 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Job 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Psalms|Psalms]]
|[[David]] and many others
|1500–400 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Psalms 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Proverbs|Proverbs]], [[Book of Ecclesiastes|Ecclesiastes]], [[Song of Songs]]
|[[Solomon]] and others
|1000–700 B.C.<ref name=":0" />
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]]
|Isaiah
|730–680 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Isaiah 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Jeremiah (Bible)|Jeremiah]], [[Lamentations|Lamentations]]
|Jeremiah
|620–580 B.C.<ref name=":0" />
|- style="background: white"
|[[Ezekiel (Bible)|Ezekiel]]
|Ezekiel
|593–570 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Ezekiel 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Daniel|Daniel]]
|Daniel
|530 B.C.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Daniel 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Hosea|Hosea]]
|Hosea
|750 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Hosea 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Joel|Joel]]
|Joel
|8th century B.C.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joel+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Joel 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Amos|Amos]]
|Amos
|760 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Amos+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Amos 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Obadiah|Obadiah]]
|Obadiah
|580 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Obadiah+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Obadiah 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Jonah|Jonah]]
|Jonah
|760 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jonah+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Jonah 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Micah|Micah]]
|Micah
|700 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Micah+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Micah 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Nahum|Nahum]]
|Nahum
|7th century B.C.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Nahum+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Nahum 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Habakkuk|Habakkuk]]
|Habakkuk
|7th century B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Habakkuk+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Habakkuk 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Zephaniah|Zephaniah]]
|Zephaniah
|630 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Zephaniah+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Zephaniah 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Haggai|Haggai]]
|Haggai
|520 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Haggai+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Haggai 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Book of Zechariah|Zechariah]]
|Zechariah
|520–518 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Zechariah+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Zechariah 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|- style="background: white"
|[[Malachi|Malachi]]
|Malachi
|430 B.C.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Malachi+1&version=NIV&tab=intro Malachi 1], ''BibleGateway''</ref>
|}

==Structure==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="color: white; background: #0F4C82"
|'''Class.'''
|'''Content'''
|- style="background: white"
|Books of the Law (5 books)<ref name=":1">Canon Formation, Tracing the Role of Sub-Collections in the Biblical Canon, The Canonical Shape of the Greek Old Testament, pg. 71, 2023</ref>
|Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
|- style="background: white"
|Books of History (12 books)<ref name=":1" />
|Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther
|- style="background: white"
|Books of Poetry (5 books)<ref name=":1" />
|Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs
|- style="background: white"
|Books of Prophecy (17 books)<ref name=":1" />
|Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
|}
===Books of the Law===
The writer of these books is presumed to be [[Moses]], and they are also called the '''Pentateuch'''. The Pentateuch contains the history of the origin of mankind, the birth of the Israelites ('''Genesis'''), the Israelites’ escape from Egypt, and the journey toward the land of [[Canaan]] ('''Exodus, Numbers, part of Deuteronomy'''). It also contains moral standards ('''Leviticus''', '''Deuteronomy''') and the sacrificial laws and norms the Israelites needed to follow to maintain their life of faith.<ref>[https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195393361/obo-9780195393361-0092.xml#:~:text=The%20Pentateuch%20includes%20the%20first,Leviticus%2C%20Numbers%2C%20and%20Deuteronomy. Pentateuch], ''Oxford Bibliographies''</ref><ref>R. Norman Whybray, 1995, Introduction to the Pentateuch</ref>

===Books of History===
These books record the history of Israel from the time they entered Canaan until they returned from the Babylonian captivity. The books of '''Joshua''' and '''Judges''' are about the Israelites’ conquest of Canaan and their settlement there; the books of '''1 & 2 Samuel''' are about King Saul and King David; the books of '''1 & 2 Kings''' are about the age of King Solomon and the divided kingdoms; and the books of '''1 & 2 Chronicles''' are similar to 1 & 2 Kings, but they only focus on the history of the southern kingdom of Judah. The books of '''Ezra''' and '''Nehemiah''' are about the construction of the temple and the religious reformation they carried out when they returned from the Babylonian captivity. As for the records about female characters, there are the books of '''Ruth''' and '''Esther'''. The book of Ruth shares the story of Ruth, who was listed in the genealogy of Jesus, even though she was a Moabite woman. The book of Esther shares the story of Esther, a Jewish queen who saved the people of Judah from a crisis.<ref name=":2">Michael Kotch, Bible Summary for Adults and Students, 2020</ref>

===Books of Poetry===
The book of '''Psalms''' is a hymn anthology of the Old Testament composed of poems written by various writers for use in worship and praise. It contains various themes, such as praising the power of God, asking for salvation by pleading about personal circumstances, faith and the law, and prophecies about the Messiah. The book of '''Job''' highlights the life of Job, who underwent suffering and endurance which resulted in blessings. In the book of '''Ecclesiastes''', Solomon, who realized the futility of life, speaks about the importance of living with the fear of God; and the book of '''Proverbs''' records the wisdom that enables us to equip ourselves with the proper character as God’s people. The book of '''Song of Songs''' sings about the love between a man and a woman ostensibly, but on the other side, it also shows God’s love for the saints.<ref name=":2" />

===Books of Prophecy===
In the Old Testament times, God fulfilled His will by showing His words or visions to Moses and other prophets.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Amos+3%3A7&version=NIV |title=Amos 3:7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The prophets, who were called by God, proclaimed to Israel and recorded what they had received. The message that is the most prominent in the books of prophecy is that God calls for repentance and judgment on Israel and that in due time God will restore the kingdom. These books of prophecy are divided into two groups: major prophets and minor prophets. The minor prophets are short and have God’s revelations given during a certain time frame. Among the major prophets, the book of '''Isaiah''' talks about the prophecies of the Messiah with great importance. The book of '''Jeremiah''' shows the prophet’s work of proclaiming repentance and judgment with tears to the corrupt Kingdom of Judah. The book of '''Ezekiel''' records many revelations and visions, and the book of '''Daniel''' describes various prophecies based on Daniel's visions and experience of being taken captive in Babylon and attaining a high position.<ref name=":2" />

==Preservation of the Old Testament==
[[file:Dead Sea Scrolls Before Unraveled.jpg |thumb|The Dead Sea Scrolls when found: The material used was parchment. (Source: [https://archive.org/details/scrollsfromdeser00habeuoft/page/n21/mode/2up The Scrolls from the Judean Desert] by Habermann, Abraham Meir, p. 23)]]
The original Hebrew Bible does not exist, but it has been preserved through manuscripts. As the years passed by, the originals got worn out and were copied on '''parchment''' made of animal skin or [https://www.britannica.com/topic/papyrus-writing-material papyrus]. The copies are called ''manuscripts''. Some worry that the Bible was altered in the process of being copied; however, if you look at the process of making manuscripts by the Jews, you can feel confident in its accuracy.<ref>Don Stewart : Why Don’t We Possess Any of the Original Manuscripts of the Books of the Bible?, FAQ, ''Blue Letter Bible''</ref><ref>[http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/significance Nature and Significance], The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls, ''The Israel Museum, Jerusalem''</ref><ref>[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/category/daily/biblical-artifacts/dead-sea-scrolls/ Dead Sea Scrolls], ''Biblical Archaeology Society''</ref>

In Israel, some people copied the Bible professionally; these people were called the [[Scribes in the Bible|scribes]]. It is said that when making copies of the Bible, the parchment, ink color, and the scribes' clothing were fixed, and that the regulations of the shape and spacing of letters were also very strict. In addition, to prevent making any errors, the scribes had to read the original text aloud while transcribing, not relying on their memory. In order not to miss a single letter, they even counted the number of letters. It was then reviewed by another scribe to ensure accuracy.<ref>How Were the Scribes Who Copied the New Testament in Antiquity, and What Were Their Tools and Materials?, ''Christian Publishing House Blog''</ref><ref>Process of copying the Old Testament by Jewish Scribes, Scott Manning</ref>

The accuracy of copying the Bible, however, was already verified through the comparison of various manuscripts that were written at different times. The scrolls written in 100 B.C. were discovered in the Qumran Cave near the Dead Sea in 1947. They are called the Dead Sea Scrolls or Qumran Caves Scrolls.<ref>QUMRAN: Caves and Monastery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, UNESCO, ''World Heritage Convention''</ref> The [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Masoretic-text Masoretic] Text, the oldest manuscript at that time, dates from about A.D. 900. After comparing the two scrolls, scholars found that the two were virtually identical even though there is a great time difference of a thousand years.<ref>ISAIAH, Henry H. Halley, Halley's Bible Handbook An Abbreviated Bible Commentary, pg. 286</ref><ref>A History of the Masoretic Hebrew Texts (Video), ''Ancient Hebrew Research Center''</ref>

This shows that the Jews were extremely careful in copying the Bible and that the Bible had not been tampered with or distorted throughout the years even though it was handed down as copies for a long time.<ref>Evidence Bible New Testament, Ray Comfort, 2004, pg. 111</ref>

{{quote |'''Book I. AGAINST APION.''' [A]nd how firmly we have given credit to these books of our own nation, is evident by what we do; for during so many ages as have already passed, no one hath been so bold as either to add anything to them, to take anything from them, or to make any change in them; but it is become natural to all Jews, immediately and from their very birth, to esteem those books to contain divine doctrines, and to persist in them, and, if occasion be, willingly to die for them. For it is no new thing for our captives, many of them in number, and frequently in time, to be seen to endure racks and deaths of all kinds upon the theatres, that they may not be obliged to say one word, against our laws and the records that contain them:|Flavius Josephus, ''Complete Works of Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews; the Wars of the Jews Against Apion, Etc''., Vol. 4. 1924, p. 419}}

==See also==
*[[Bible]]
*[[The New Testament]]

==References==
<references />

{{성경 둘러보기}}

[[Category:Bible]]
[[Category:Old Testament]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]

God the Father

2026-04-23T05:20:25Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:아버지 하나님]][[vi:Ðức Chúa Trời Cha]][[es:Dios Padre]][[File:Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn - Return of the Prodigal Son - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|200px|''The Return of the Prodigal Son'' by Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, 1669: The parable of the prodigal son shows us the love of God the Father.]]'''God the Father''' is a general term used when Christians call [[God]], and it refers to the male image of God. The actual beginning point of God being referred to as Father was since [[Jesus Christ]] came. After Jesus called God “Our Father in heaven,” the saints too called God “Father.” When we distinguish God as the Father, [[God the Son|the Son]], and [[the Holy Spirit]], [[Jehovah]] is God the Father. However, according to the biblical truth of the [[Trinity]], God the Father Jehovah, God the Son Jesus, and God the Holy Spirit are essentially the same God, the Father.

==The Reason God Is Called Father==
===Jesus’ Example===
[[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|thumb|''The Sermon on the Mount'' by Carl Bloch: Jesus taught that God is our Father.]]
God is Almighty, so humankind cannot dare to come close to Him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:18–19}}</ref> In the Old Testament, God was occasionally referred to as Father,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+63%3A16&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 63:16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+64%3A8&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 64:8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+89%3A26&version=NIV |title=Psalms 89:26}}</ref> and He was generally called the “Lord.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Nehemiah+1%3A10&version=NIV |title=Nehemiah 1:10}}</ref> According to the title of the “Lord,” the relationship between God and the Israelites was strongly perceived as the master and servants, or king and people. However, Jesus called God the “Father.”
{{quote5 |내용= “This, then, is how you should pray: '''‘Our Father in heaven''', hallowed be your name, . . .’ “ |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+6%3A9&version=NIV Matthew 6:9]}}

Jesus’ calling God the “Father” is recorded throughout the Gospels.
* Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by man, but by '''my Father in heaven'''.” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+16%3A17&version=NIV Matthew 16:17])
* “And when you stand praying, if you hold anything against anyone, forgive him, so that '''your Father in heaven''' may forgive you your sins.” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+11%3A25&version=NIV Mark 11:25])
* Jesus said, “'''Father''', forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.” And they divided up his clothes by casting lots. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23%3A34&version=NIV Luke 23:34])
* Jesus said to them, “My '''Father''' is always at his work to this very day, and I, too, am working.” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+5%3A17&version=NIV John 5:17])
* “You are doing the things your own father does.” “We are not illegitimate children,” they protested. “The only '''Father''' we have is '''God''' himself.” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+8%3A41&version=NIV John 8:41])
Following the teachings of Jesus, the saints of the early Church accepted God as their spiritual Father and called Him God the Father.
{{quote5 |내용= Moreover, we have all had human fathers who disciplined us and we respected them for it. How much more should we submit to '''the Father of our spirits''' and live! |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+12%3A9&version=NIV Hebrews 12:9]}}

===Children of God the Father===
“God the Father” is not just a friendly title that was given to God. Rather, it shows that the relationship between God and the saints is parents and children. The term Father is used in family relationships, and it refers to the man who gave birth to a child. The reason a ''father'' exists is because he has his children. The same logic applies to God being called Father. The saints who correctly believe in God and call Him Father become God’s children.
{{quote5 |내용= How great is the love the '''Father''' has lavished on us, that we should be called '''children of God'''! . . . Dear friends, now '''we''' are '''children of God'''. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John+3%3A1-3&version=NIV 1 John 3:1–3]}}

==The Trinity, One God the Father==
===Trinity===
{{그림 |성삼위일체 도식_en.jpg |너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=The Trinity can be understood through the three states of water.}}
{{참고|Trinity|설명=}}
The [[Bible]] teaches us that the [[Trinity]] means God the Father Jehovah, God the Son Jesus Christ, and God the Holy Spirit are one and the same God. Both the Old Testaments and New Testaments describe the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit as one God the Father.

===God the Father===
God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit are essentially the same God the Father, but their names are different and used according to the age in which they work.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+28%3A19-20&version=NIV |title=Matthew 28:19–20 }}</ref> Before Jesus Christ came into the world, the name of God who worked in the Age of the Father is ''[[Jehovah]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+3%3A15&version=NIV |title=Exodus 3:15 }}</ref>

===God the Son===
[[God the Son]] refers to Jesus Christ who came as the Son of God. God the Father was born into this world in the name of Jesus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+9%3A6&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 9:6 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+1%3A31-32&version=NIV |title=Luke 1:31–32 }}</ref> Jesus is God the Father, but He lived a life of the Son in the flesh to set an example of faith for His children, the saints.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A15&version=NIV |title=John 13:15}}</ref>

===God the Holy Spirit===
[[The Holy Spirit]] refers to the Spirit of God. He is not an intangible active force, but He prays and worries for the saints.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+8%3A26-27&version=NIV |title=Romans 8:26–27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+4%3A30&version=NIV |title=Ephesians 4:30 |publisher= }}</ref> As God the Father according to the Trinity, He has carried out the salvation work from the beginning until now, and He became [[God in the Flesh (Incarnation)|incarnate]] as Jesus 2,000 years ago. The Holy Spirit also gives mankind the water of life, namely salvation, as the Christ who is to come to this earth in the last days.<ref name=":계22">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+22%3A17&version=NIV |title=Revelation 22:17}}</ref>

==God the Father and God the Mother==
{{참고|God the Father and God the Mother|설명=}}
'The title ''God the Father'' implies the existence of [[God the Mother|''God the Mother''.]] In a general family concept, being a father means having a child who calls him a father, and being a child means having a mother who gave them life. If there is God the Father and the saints are God’s children, God the Mother must exist.

{{quote5 |내용= But the '''Jerusalem that is above''' is free, and she is '''our mother'''.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+4%3A26&version=NIV Galatians 4:26]}}

“Above” means in heaven, and “us” indicates the saints who will be saved. Just as our Father is in heaven,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+6%3A9&version=NIV |title=Matthew 6:9 }}</ref> so is our Mother in heaven. [[God the Father and God the Mother]] carry out Their salvation work. God the Father and God the Mother are prophesied in the book of Revelation as [[the Spirit and the Bride]], who give the water of life.<ref name=":계22" /> The [[water of life]] indicates the word of God, which is essential to the spiritual life. It is only God who can give us the water of life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+17%3A13&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 17:13 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+21%3A5-7&version=NIV |title=Revelation 21:5–7 }}</ref> The Holy Spirit is God the Father, and the Bride is [[Jerusalem]] in heaven who is God the Mother.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+21%3A9-10&version=NIV |title=Revelation 21:9–10 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+4%3A26&version=NIV |title=Galatians 4:26 }}</ref> In the last days, God the Father comes into this world together with God the Mother to save mankind.

==Related videos==
* '''God the Father & God the Mother'''
<youtube>1lq3vt3Zi3Q</youtube>

==See also==
* [[The Reason Christians Call God “Father”]]
* [[Trinity]]
* [[God the Father (Jehovah)]]
* [[God the Son (Jesus)]]
* [[The Holy Spirit]]
* [[Heavenly Family]]
* [[God the Father and God the Mother]]
* [[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)]]

==External links==
* [https://watv.org/ Church of God Official Website]
* [https://ahnsahnghong.com/en/ Christ Ahnsahnghong Official Website]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:God the Father]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]

Cross

2026-04-23T05:17:05Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:십자가]][[vi:Thập tự giá]][[es:La cruz]][[ne:क्रूस]][[pt:A Cruz]][[File:Sankt Jakob-1093226.jpg|대체글=|thumb|The cross on the altar in a Catholic Church in Germany]]'''Cross''' is an image that most Christian churches use as a symbol of Christianity. However, it was not first introduced as a symbol of faith after [[Crucifixion|Christ’s crucifixion]], but it had been worshiped in pagan religions since ancient times. The cross-shaped frame was also used as the execution tool for the death row inmates in the ancient Near East.

[[Jesus Christ]] was crucified on the hill of Golgotha outside Jerusalem to atone for the sins of mankind on the [[The Feast of Unleavened Bread|Feast of Unleavened Bread]], which fell on the day before the [[Sabbath]]. For the members of the early Church, there was no possibility that the cross would be used as a symbol of faith because it was an execution tool for not only Jesus Christ but also many church members. According to the Bible and the history of Christianity, there is no record of the early Church using the cross as a symbol of faith. It was said that the cross, which was a symbol of pagan religions and used for a death sentence, began to be established in the church in the fourth century as the church became secularized and the truth was changed.<ref>{{인용 |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/cross-religious-symbol |title= Cross |quote= |website=Britannica}}</ref>

==Origin and Use of the Cross==
===Worship Tools===
[[File:Egypt.KV43.01.jpg|thumb|The tomb of Thutmose IV in the Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Egypt]]
Originally, the cross was an instrument of worship widely used in various ancient civilizations. The cross shape with two woods is known to be originated from worshiping Tammuz in ancient Babylon.

{{quote |The shape of the latter [cross] had its origin in ancient Chaldea, and was used as the symbol of the god Tammuz (being in the shape of the mystic Tau, the initial of his name) in that country and in adjacent lands, including Egypt."|''Vine's Annotated Dictionary of Old and New Testaments'', William Edwy Vine, Thomas Nelson Incorporated}}

Crosses were also found on temples and tombstones of kings in the ancient Egypt. In the Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Egypt, a historical site of royal tombs made during the New Kingdom in Ancient Egypt (1570–1070 B.C.), you can find murals depicting ''Ankh'', a cross with a loop.<ref>[[commons:File:Looking_out_from_Ramses_V_VI_tomb_in_Valley_of_Kings_on_West_Bank_of_Luxor_Egypt.jpg|Looking out from Ramses V_VI tomb in Valley of Kings on West Bank of Luxor Egypt]], ''Wikimedia''</ref><ref>[[commons:File:KV17,_the_tomb_of_Pharaoh_Seti_I_of_the_Nineteenth_Dynasty,_Valley_of_the_Kings,_Egypt_(49845804653).jpg|KV17, the tomb of Pharaoh Seti I of the Nineteenth Dynasty, Valley of the Kings, Egypt]], ''Wikimedia''</ref> On the back of a coin, which is believed to be used at Veritus, Phoenicia (now Beirut, Lebanon), the goddess Astarte, which was worshiped by the Phoenicians, is holding a cross.<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1994-0915-190 Coin], ''The British Museum''</ref> In the ruins of Assyria, Ashurnasirpal II, who reigned in 883–859 B.C., was depicted with a cross around his neck on one of the stone tombs.<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1851-0902-32 Stela], ''The British Museum''</ref> Thus, the worship of the cross was a religious custom in ancient countries a long time before Jesus Christ was sacrificed on the cross.

===Execution Tools===
The cross is a frame used to crucify and execute criminals in the ancient West from around the 6th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D.<ref>{{인용 |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/crucifixion/ |title= Crucifixion|website=WORLD HISTORY ENCYCLOPEDIA |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionaries/smiths-bible-dictionary/cross.html |title=Cross |website=Bible Study Tools |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> It is presumed that the people who first invented the crucifixion were Phoenicians of Carthage or Persians, and it influenced on ancient Babylon (Babylonia), Egypt, and Assyria. Alexander the Great learned about crucifixion in Persia and spread it to Greece, and after the Romans won the Second Punic War, they learned from the Phoenicians of Carthage and used it in the Roman Empire. Later, in the Roman Empire, crucifixion was used as the most brutal and harsh death penalty method for criminals. Crucifixion was executed by crucifixion or tying up condemned prisoners, and Rome was mainly used to punish heinous criminals, traitors, and slaves. Crucifixion was one of the most cruel and shameful punishments. The Criminal Code compiled by Roman lawyer Julius Paulus lists three types of punishment as the most brutal form of punishment in the Roman era, the first of which is crucifixion. The Roman statesman Cicero described crucifixion as “he most cruel and disgusting penalty,” and the Jewish historian Josephus described it as “the most wretched of deaths.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14750495/ |title=The history and pathology of crucifixion |quote= |website=National Library of MedicinePub Med|date=December 2003}}</ref>

There were various methods of performing the execution. Usually, the condemned man, after being whipped, dragged the crossbeam of his cross to the place of punishment, where the upright shaft was already fixed in the ground. He was bound fast with outstretched arms to the crossbeam or nailed firmly to it through the wrists. The crossbeam was then raised high against the upright shaft and made fast to it about 9 to 12 feet (approximately 3 meters) from the ground. Next, the feet were tightly bound or nailed to the upright shaft.
According to scholars, crucifixion causes physical excruciating and fatal pain. If they are crucified and hung vertically, their muscles become impacted, their diaphragm cannot function properly, and it can lead to blood circulation disorders, organ failure, asphyxiation, and shock, and eventually to death.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.britannica.com/topic/crucifixion-capital-punishment |title= Crucifixion |website=Britannica |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref><ref>The Medical Evidence, ''PART 3 Researching the Resurrection, THE CAUSE OF DEATH, The Case for Christ Zondervan Publishing House'', 1998, Lee Strobel, 181–182</ref>

==Types of Crosses==
{{그림 |가톨릭백과사전 십자가의 종류.jpg |너비= 250px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Kinds of the Crosses<ref>The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, The Encyclopedia Press, Inc., 1913, p. 538</ref>}}

The cross was made in various shapes according to the age and region; the Ankh cross used in ancient Egypt, the Celtic cross derived from the ceremonies of worshiping the sun god of the Celts, the Latin cross commonly used in the Western churches, and the swastika cross that was used as a Nazi insignia during World War II. Catholic churches have many types of crosses. The Catholic Encyclopedia introduces 40 different kinds of crosses in one page. If it was only to represent the sacrifice of Jesus Christ without pagan influence, there should be one kind of cross in the church. The fact that there are many kinds of crosses in the church can be interpreted as that the crosses were made under the influence of various pagan religions.

==The Cross Introduced to Christianity==
===History===
Christian churches began to use the cross as a symbol of Christianity from the time of Constantine I of the Roman Empire (reigned A.D. 306–337).<ref name="십자가">Cross, ''Baker's Dictionary of Theology'', Everett F. Harrison, Baker Book House, 1960, pg. 152</ref> This proves that the church had not set up the cross for almost 300 years after Jesus until the time of Constantine. Among the Romans, there was a general feeling of disgust that crucifixion was an instrument of execution only for the most notorious criminals. There was no danger of beautifying the cross by sentiment for the early Christians, surrounded by crucifixion as a grim fact of common experience.<ref name="십자가" /> This is because the cross was one of the instruments used by the Roman Empire to execute Christians while persecuting the early Church. It is said that Apostle Peter was also martyred, hanging upside down from the cross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+21%3A18-19&version=NIV|title=John 21:18–19|quote=}}</ref><ref>Peter Is Crucified Upside Down, 1001 Days That Shaped the World, Michael Wood, ''Quintessence'', October 13, pg. 89</ref> It was in the time of Constantine that crucifixion was abolished.

{{quote |He [Constantine] regarded the cross with peculiar reverence . . .He took away by law the crucifixion customary among the Romans, from the usage of the courts.|''Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Second Series Vol. II Socrates, Sozomenus: Church Histories'', Cosimo Classics, 2007, p.245}}

The persecution of Christianity by the Roman Empire ended when Constantine I promulgated the Edict of Milan in 313 and recognized Christianity. Constantine I had a preferential policy for Christianity and issued more than 30 kinds of coinage symbolizing Christianity, and these coins were engraved with a cross.<ref>[https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002330946 A Study on the First Christian Coins of the Emperor Constantine], ''Korea Citation Index'', 2018</ref> With the support of the emperor, the Roman Church (now the Roman Catholic Church) expanded and adopted the religious customs of pagans who converted to Christianity.<ref>Constantine, Christianity and pagan customs, A Lion Handbook, ''The History of Christianity'', Tim Dowley, Lion Publishing 1977, pg. 141 </ref> One of them was the worship of the cross. In the Roman Catholic Church, the mother of Constantine I, Helena, who was called a "saint," claimed that she discovered the True Cross. Moreover, between 320 and 345, the Roman Catholic Church built the Monastery of the Cross and the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Jerusalem on the pretext that they needed a church to place the cross where Jesus died. After that, they established a feast for the dedication of the church and began to recognize the cross as an object of honor.<ref name="가톨릭 십자가">The Cross, In Tradition, History, And, Art, Rev. William Wood Seymour, ''The Knickerbocker Press'', 1898, pg. 185, pg. 399</ref> It was not until the year 431 that the crosses began to be hung inside the church. Around 568, a cross was installed on a church steeple.<ref>[http://jmagazine.joins.com/monthly/view/318953 <nowiki>[Special Feature ● Luther's 500 Years of Religious Reformation – Church of God and Truth in the Bible] What are they believing and practicing?</nowiki>], ''Monthly JoongAng'', November 17, 2017</ref> In 692, through [https://www.britannica.com/event/Quinisext-Council the Church Council in Trullo], worshiping the cross was strengthened. After the Second Council of Nicaea officially adopted the cross worship in 787, most of churches in the world have been making various kinds of crosses and worshiping them until today.<ref name="가톨릭 십자가" />

{{quote |"Crosses in churches and chambers were introduced about 431; and set up on steeples about 568."|''Haydn's Dictionary of Dates'', Joseph Haydn et al., E. Moxon and Co., 1866, p. 220}}

===Controversy===
Most churches in the world have crosses attached to their pulpits or steeples. However, it is not well-known to lay members that there were controversies for and against the installation of the cross in the Christian world.
Reformers in the 16th century severely criticized the worship of the cross and urged a restoration of faith based on the teachings of the Bible. Jean Calvin, a French religious reformer in the 16th century, forbade the worship of the cross idol in his book, ''Institutes of the Christian Religion'', by saying that as soon as we made God into a visible image, we cannot help but worship it.

{{quote |7. Let Papists, then, if they have any sense of shame, henceforth desist from the futile plea, that images are the books of the unlearned—a plea so plainly refuted by innumerable passages of Scripture. . . . Paul declares, that by the true preaching of the gospel Christ is portrayed and in a manner crucified before our eyes (Gal. 3:1). Of what use, then, were the erection in churches of so many crosses of wood and stone, silver and gold, if this doctrine were faithfully and honestly preached—viz. Christ died that he might bear our curse upon the tree, that he might expiate our sins by the sacrifice of his body, wash them in his blood, and, in short, reconcile us to God the Father? From this one doctrine the people would learn more than from a thousand crosses of wood and stone.}}

{{quote |9. After such a figment is formed, adoration forthwith ensues: for when once men imagined that they beheld God in images, they also worshipped him as being there. . . . For as soon as a visible form is given to God, his power also is supposed to be annexed to it. So stupid are men, that wherever they figure God, there they fix him, and by necessary consequence proceed to adore him. It makes no difference whether they worship the idol simply, or God in the idol.|''Institutes of the Christian Religion Vol. 1'', Jean Calvin, Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Grand Rapids, MI, 1845, pp. 101-102}}

Many reformers such as Huldrych Zwingli and John Knox refused to worship the cross as well as pictures or images of sacred figures and sculptures because those images lead to idolatry. Thus, they banned churches from installing any decorations or images in the church.<ref name="십자가 지침">[http://www.kidok.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=96315 Precise Guidelines Needed for 'Cross in the Chapel'], ''The Christian Newspaper'', April 11, 2016</ref><ref name="십자가 거치 논란">[https://woman.donga.com/3/all/12/2412166/1 Church of God General Pastor Interview], ''Woman DongA'', February 4, 2021</ref> Today, the [[World Mission Society Church of God]], too, reject the cross, which is a form of idol, and do not set it up according to the teachings of the Bible.

==The Cross-Reverence Is Idolatry==
===The Teachings of the Bible===
The second of the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]] warns us not to make idols or worship them in any image.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A4-6&version=NIV|title=Exodus 20:4–6|quote=}}</ref> There is no record in the Bible that it is okay to make an exception to the image of a cross. Regardless of how much you worship a cross or depend on the image of the cross, making it to serve God itself is an act of rebelling against the commandment. God told us not to compare Him to any images. When it comes to worshiping God, we must never make anything with materials nor honor it.

{{quote5 |내용= “Do not make any gods to be alongside me; do not make for yourselves gods of silver or gods of gold.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A23&version=NIV Exodus 20:23]}}
{{quote5 |내용= “You shall not '''make''' for yourself an idol in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or '''worship''' them.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A4-5&version=NIV Exodus 20:4–5]}}

The Bible forbids relying on or worshiping idols made of gold, silver, wood, or stone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+26%3A1&version=NIV|title=Leviticus 26:1|quote=}}</ref> The cross made of wood or other materials is also an idol mentioned in the Bible. The Bible teaches that idols made of these materials have no power to curse or bless people,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+10%3A1-5&version=NIV|title=Jeremiah 10:1–5|quote=}}</ref> and warns that those who make and worship idols will be cursed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+27%3A15&version=NIV|title=Deuteronomy 27:15|quote=}}</ref>

===Prophecy of Cross Worship===
The history of the Israelites written in the Bible prophesied that the church would worship the cross. The Israelites left Egypt by the power of God 3,500 years ago, and headed toward Canaan. As they were told to take a farther route, they grumbled and complained against God and [[Moses]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+21%3A4-5&version=NIV|title=Numbers 21:4–5|quote=}}</ref> Then, God’s wrath came upon them, and many of them were bitten by venomous snakes in the desert and died.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+21%3A6&version=NIV|title=Numbers 21:6|quote=}}</ref> Moses prayed to God for the people,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+21%3A7&version=NIV|title=Numbers 21:7|quote=}}</ref> and God asked Moses to make a bronze snake and put it on a pole. Then, He said, “Anyone who is bitten can look at it and live.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+21%3A8-9&version=NIV|title=Numbers 21:8–9|quote=}}</ref> When Moses did what God said, the Israelites lived by looking up at the bronze snake on the pole. It was God’s word and power that made them live. The bronze snake itself was just a material and tool, and it had no power to save people. However, because of their wrong belief, the Israelites worshiped the bronze snake until the time of King Hezekiah for approximately 800 years. King Hezekiah, who was called a religious reformer of South Judah, broke the bronze snake that had occupied the hearts of the people and called it Nehushtan (a piece of bronze).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+18%3A3-4&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 18:3–4|quote=}}</ref> The case of the bronze snake in the Old Testament was a prophecy about the crucifixion of Jesus in the New Testament.

{{quote5|내용="Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so the Son of Man must be lifted up, that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life." |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+3%3A14-15&version=NIV John 3:14–15]}}

In the Old Testament times, the Israelites were saved by the power of God’s word, “Anyone who is bitten can look at it [the bronze snake] and live.” It shows that the saints in the New Testament will be saved through the sacrifice and power of Jesus on the cross. However, in the Old Testament times, the Israelites worshiped the visible bronze snake, forgetting the power of God’s word. Likewise, in the New Testament times, many Christians forget the sacrifice of Jesus shedding precious blood on the cross, but they honor a visible image of cross itself. Many times, the apostles of the early Church mentioned that the cross is merely an execution tool and a piece of wood, just as a bronze snake is merely a piece of bronze.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+3%3A13&version=NIV|title=Galatians 3:13|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+2%3A24&version=NIV|title=1 Peter 2:24|quote=}}</ref>

==The Significance of the Cross==
The Bible shows that the salvation of mankind was not accomplished through the image of a cross, but through Jesus’ precious blood of sacrifice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+1%3A7&version=NIV|title=Ephesians 1:7|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+1%3A18-19&version=NIV|title=1 Peter 1:18-19|quote=}}</ref> The essence of the [[New Covenant]] that Jesus established with His precious blood is the [[Passover]]. So Apostle Paul, who said that he had nothing to boast about except the cross of [[Christ]], celebrated the sacrifice of Christ through the Passover of the new covenant, and preached it. If we want to boast about Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross, we shall keep and preach [[The New Covenant Passover|the Passover of the new covenant]] not the image of the cross.

{{quote5 |내용= For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you: The Lord Jesus, on the night he was betrayed, took bread . . . "This cup is the new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you drink it, in remembrance of me.” For whenever you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the '''Lord's death''' until he comes. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11%3A23-26&version=NIV 1 Corinthians 11:23–26]}}

== See also ==
* [[New Covenant]]
* [[Christmas]]
* [[Teachings of Men]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Issues]]

The Advocate (Counselor)

2026-04-23T05:16:48Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:보혜사]][[vi:Đấng Yên Ủi]][[es:El Abogado (Consolador)]][[ne:अधिवक्ता (सल्लाहकार)]][[pt:O Consolador]]The '''Advocate (Counselor)''' is a translation of the Greek word '''''παράκλητος (parakletos)'''''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/resources/encyclopedia-of-the-bible/Paraclete |title=Paraclete |website=BibleGateway |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> The term refers to [[Jesus Christ]] or [[the Holy Spirit]], which was used four times by [[Apostle John]] in the [[Bible]].

==Meaning of Parakletos==
The Greek ''parakletos''<ref>[https://glosbe.com/el/en/%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 παράκλητος], ''Glosbe''</ref> is derived from a verb that combines “para” [παρά]<ref>[https://biblehub.com/greek/3844.htm 3844. para], ''Bible Hub''</ref> meaning “beside, next to, near” and “kaleo” [καλέω]<ref>[https://biblehub.com/greek/2564.htm 2564. kaleó], ''Bible Hub''</ref> meaning “call, invite.” ''Parakletos'' means a person who is called in to help someone. Specifically, it refers to a person called by a judge to speak in defense of the accused in court. In other words, they are an advocate.<ref>[https://biblehub.com/greek/3875.htm "Advocate,"] Bible Hub</ref> There are synonyms such as helper, comforter, and counselor. According to other versions of the Bible, it is translated as counselor, helper, or comforter.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 720px;"
!'''Bible'''
!'''John 14:26'''
|-
|NIV
|“But the '''Counselor''', the '''Holy Spirit''', whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you.”
|-
|GNT
|“The '''Helper''', the '''Holy Spirit''', whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you everything and make you remember all that I have told you.”
|-
|NKJV
|“But the Helper (fn.'''''Comforter''''', Gr. ''Parakletos''), the '''Holy Spirit''', whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all things that I said to you.”
|}

==Jesus Christ, the Advocate (Counselor)==
[[Apostle John]] wrote that Jesus Christ is the Counselor.

{{quote5 |내용= But if anybody does sin, we have an '''advocate [παράκλητος]''' with the Father—Jesus Christ, the Righteous One. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20John%202:1&version=NIV 1 John 2:1]}}

It is written in the [[book of 1 John]] that Jesus is the "advocate." In some versions of the Bible, “advocate” is rendered as “helper.” It is because the Greek word for both helper and advocate is ''parakletos''. While Jesus was on earth as the ''Parakletos'', He taught the truth to the disciples so that they could enter the kingdom of heaven. Even later, when Jesus was in heaven, he defended them before the Father as the ''Parakletos''.

==Another Counselor==
Jesus mentioned “another Counselor” the night before He passed away on the cross.

{{quote5 |내용= “And I will ask the Father, and he will give you '''another Counselor''' to be with you forever.”|출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+14%3A16&version=NIV John 14:16]}}

Through the words “another Counselor,” Jesus revealed that He Himself was the Counselor who was with His disciples in human form, and also showed that “another Counselor” would appear in the future, referring to Him as the Holy Spirit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?type=general&q1=John+15%3A26&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&pm=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=John 15:26 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
{{quote5 |내용= “But the '''Counselor''', the '''Holy Spirit''', whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you.” |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+14%3A26&version=NIV John 14:26]}}

In the following words, He taught us that another Counselor, that is the Holy Spirit, would appear in the future as the Second Coming Christ.
{{quote5 |내용= “'''I [Jesus]''' will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you. . . . You heard me say, ‘I am going away and I am coming back to you.’ ” |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+14%3A18&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV John 14:18], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+14%3A28&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 28]}}

Jesus said, “The Counselor, the Holy Spirit, will come and teach all things,” and then “I am going away and I am coming back to you.” In other words, the Holy Spirit refers to '''[[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)|Jesus who comes a second time]]'''. He meant that '''Jesus, the Counselor''', would come again as '''another Counselor, the Holy Spirit'''. The Holy Spirit teaches all the truths to the saints and helps them enter the kingdom of heaven.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+16%3A13&version=NIV |title=John 16:13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> As the Counselor, He is always with the saints until the end, taking the role of an advocate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+28%3A20&version=NIV |title=Matthew 28:20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John+2%3A1&version=NIV |title=John 2:1 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+14%3A16&version=NIV |title=John 14:16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[The Holy Spirit]]
*[[Trinity]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:God the Father]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]

Sanctuary (Tabernacle)

2026-04-23T05:16:25Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:성소 (성막)]][[vi:Nơi thánh (đền tạm)]][[es:El santuario (tabernáculo)]][[ne:पवित्रस्थान (पवित्र वासस्थान)]][[pt:O Santuário (Tabernáculo)]]{{그림 |성소(성막) 모형.jpg |너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Sanctuary (Tabernacle)}}
'''Sanctuary''' means a holy place<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/sanctuary-religion |title=sanctuary |website=Britannica |date= |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref>, where God dwells among people. In the sanctuary, the original engraved tablets of the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]], God’s covenant, was kept, and the forgiveness of sins '''''occurred''''' for the Israelites. It consists of an outer place and an inner place, and the first sanctuary was in the form of a movable tent called '''tabernacle.''' Later on, when they built it in a permanent location, it was called '''[[temple]].'''

==Name==
In the Old Testament, the word ''sanctuary'' is written in Hebrew as ''miqdash'' ''(''מִקְדָּשׁ'')''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4720.htm/ |title=4720. Miqdash or miqqedash |website=Bible Hub |date= |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref> or ''qodesh (קֹדֶשׁ)''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6944.htm/ |title= 6944. qodesh |website=Bible Hub |date= |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref>, which mean ''holiness.'' The sanctuary was called the place where God dwells among the people,<ref name="거할 성소">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+25%3A8&version=NIV |title=Exodus 25:8 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> or the temple of God.<ref name="하나님의 집">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+51%3A51&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 51:51 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The sanctuary sometimes only refers to the outer room, or it can refer to both the outer room and the inner room which is also called the Most Holy Place. In a broader sense, it indicates the structure (the tabernacle) where the outer room and the inner room are located or the whole building (the temple). When the sanctuary was built, it was called the ''tabernacle'' because it was a tent made of twisted threads, and also called the ''Tent of Meeting'' because it was a place to meet God. Since it was the place to store the ark of testimony ([[Ark of the Covenant|ark of the covenant]]), it was called the ''Tent of Testimony'', too.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+9%3A15&version=NIV |title=Numbers 9:15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

== Structure==
[[file:Tabernacle.png |thumb | 350px |Diagram of the Sanctuary]]
The tabernacle that [[Moses]] built was a rectangular-shaped movable temple with 50 cubits wide by 100 cubits long,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+27%3A9-18&version=NIV |title=Exodus 27:9–18 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and it was structured to be easily taken down and reassembled, similar to tents nowadays. Since the Israelites walked around the desert, they could not build a fixed building in one place.

The sanctuary, the most important structure located in the tabernacle, looked like one, but the interior was divided into the front compartment (Holy Place) and the back compartment (Most Holy Place) by a curtain. When the sanctuary was set up, there was a rule: Its back side, where the Most Holy Place is, should face west whereas its front side, where the entrance is, should face the east.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+26%3A22&version=NIV |title=Exodus 26:22 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+3%3A38&version=NIV |title=Numbers 3:38 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Later, it was changed from the movable tabernacle to the stationary temple, but this basic structure and direction were the same.

{{quote5 |내용= Now the first covenant had regulations for worship and also an earthly sanctuary. A tabernacle was set up. In its first room were the lampstand, the table and the consecrated bread; this was called '''the Holy Place'''. Behind the second curtain was a room called '''the Most Holy Place''', which had the golden altar of incense and the gold-covered ark of the covenant. This ark contained the gold jar of manna, Aaron's staff that had budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A1-4&version=NIV Hebrews 9:1-4]}}
=== Outer Sanctuary ===
{{그림 |외소 진설병 상 금촛대 분향단_en.jpg|너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=The table for the consecrated bread, the golden lampstand, and the altar of incense}}
The outer sanctuary is the space from the door of the sanctuary to the front of the curtain. There were the table for the consecrated bread, the golden lampstand, and the altar of incense. 
* '''Table for the Consecrated Bread''': It is a table made of wood, measuring two cubits long, a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high. It was overlaid with pure gold, and a gold molding was made around it. On the table, there were always the bread of the Presence ([https://www.britannica.com/topic/shewbread consecrated bread]), its plates and dishes of pure gold, as well as its spoon, pitchers, and bowls for the pouring out of offerings. The bread of the Presence was baked with fine flour, and they were set in two rows, six in each row, on the table. Every [[Sabbath]], the bread was replaced with new ones. It belonged to the high priest and his sons, who ate it in the courtyard of the tabernacles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+25%3A23-30&version=NIV |title=Exodus 25:23–30 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+24%3A8-9&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 24:8–9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
* '''Golden Lampstand''': The lampstand had a total of seven branches, three on each side, and a cup in the shape of almond flower at the end of each branch. The branches, cups, flowers, and buds shall all be of one piece with the lampstand, hammered out of pure gold. There were the wick trimmers and trays made of pure gold.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+25%3A31-40&version=NIV |title=Exodus 25:31–40 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The seven lamps were used to light the space in front of it. The priests lighted the lamps with clear oil of pressed olives, but kept them on only from evening till morning.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+27%3A20-21&version=NIV |title=Exodus 27:20–21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
* '''Altar of Incense''': It is made of wood, measuring a cubit long and a cubit wide and two cubits high. All the sides of the top were shaped with the horns, and they were overlaid and molded around with pure gold. Fragrant incense was burnt on the altar every morning and evening when the high priest tended the lamps.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+30%3A1-10&version=NIV |title=Exodus 30:1-10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

=== Inner Sanctuary (Most Holy Place)===
{{그림 |증거궤(언약궤).jpg|너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Ark of the Covenant Image: The cover of the ark of the covenant is the atonement cover.}}
It is the inner space behind the curtain, and it has the cube structure with the same length, height, and depth. The inner sanctuary is where the [[Ark of the Covenant|ark of the covenant]] is; the place to store the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]]. It is called the [[The Most Holy Place|Most Holy Place]] because it is considered the most sacred place. No one was allowed to enter the Most Holy Place. '''Once a year, only the high priest anointed''' with holy oil can enter it '''through the sin offering''' on the '''[[Day of Atonement]].'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+16%3A6-34&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 16:6–34 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A1-7&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 9:1–7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
* '''Curtain''': The cherubim were embroidered on the curtains separating the inner sanctuary from the outer sanctuary. In order to enter the inner sanctuary, they had to go through the curtain.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+26%3A31-33&version=NIV |title=Exodus 26:31–33 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
* '''Ark of the Covenant''': The ark of the covenant is the most important part of the instruments of the tabernacle; it is a wooden chest that is two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, a cubit and a half high. It was overlaid with pure gold and a gold molding was made around it. Four gold rings were fastened to its four feet and the Levites inserted the poles into the rings on the sides of the chest to carry it. They put the tablets of testimony (the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments) in the ark of the covenant.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+25%3A10-16&version=NIV |title=Exodus 25:10–16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
* '''Atonement Cover''': The part that covers the ark of the covenant was called the “atonement cover.” God said that He would meet Moses between the two cherubim above the atonement cover. These cherubim represent cherubim who were guarding the tree of life in the Garden of Eden. Here, God’s grace, including the forgiveness of sins, was given to people. The atonement cover is also called the "mercy seat."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+25%3A17-21&version=NIV |title=Exodus 25:17–21 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

=== Courtyard of the Tabernacle ===
{{그림 |물두멍과 번제단_en.jpg |너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Basin and Altar of Burnt Offering}}
It is a large space that appears when you enter through the entrance to the tabernacle (east gate). The courtyard of the tabernacle was fenced with 60 posts and 300 cubits long curtains of finely twisted linen. Since the posts were five cubits tall (about 2.25 m), people couldn’t see what was carried out inside except through the gate of the tabernacle.
* '''Altar of Burnt Offering''': It is an altar made of bronze for offering sacrifices to God.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+27%3A1-8&version=NIV |title=Exodus 27:1–8 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The priests had to bring the fire from the burnt altar in order to go into the Holy Place and to burn incense.<ref name="불1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+16%3A42-46&version=NIV |title=Numbers 16:42–46 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="불2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+16%3A12&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 16:12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
* '''Basin''': It is a basin that contains water to wash the hands and feet of the priests. It was between the altar of burnt offering and the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, and the priests washed their hands and feet before entering the sanctuary.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+30%3A17-21&version=NIV |title=Exodus 30:17–21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

== Tabernacle and History of Israel ==
[[file:Kitto Setting Up the Tabernacle.jpg |thumb | 250px |Building the tabernacle]]
[[file:Holman The Tabernacle.jpg|thumb | 250px | On the tabernacle, there were pillars of cloud during the day and pillars of fire at night, representing God’s presence.]]
When Moses received the stone tablets of the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]] on Mount Sinai, God showed him the heavenly sanctuary.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+25%3A1-9&version=NIV |title=Exodus 25:1–9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="히 8:5">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+8%3A5&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 8:5 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> When Moses came down from the mountain, he delivered God’s word to the people and said that they needed various offerings such as gold, silver, bronze, and carved wood for the construction of the tabernacle, and that wise men were needed to make the tabernacle and articles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+35%3A4-19&version=NIV |title=Exodus 35:4–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Among the Israelites, all who were willing brought offerings for the building of the tabernacle.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+35%3A20-29&version=NIV |title=Exodus 35:20–29 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> As they kept bringing freewill offerings every day, they were more than enough for building the tabernacle. Moses asked them to stop bringing more. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+35%3A30-36%3A7&version=NIV |title=Exodus 35:30–36:7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Bezalel and Oholiab, who were filled with the Spirit of God, and every skilled person set up the tabernacle and made all the articles and ornaments in it, including the ark of the covenant and the priestly garments. When the Israelites finished setting up the tabernacle, Moses inspected the work and saw that they had done it just as God had commanded. So Moses blessed them. On the first day of the first month in the second year after the Exodus, Moses set up the tabernacle as God had commanded and brought in the articles, placing the Ten Commandments (the tablet of Testimony) in the ark of the covenant and putting up the curtain at the entrance to the courtyard. Then, the cloud covered the Tent of Meeting, and the glory of God filled the tabernacle. The cloud of God was over the tabernacle by day, and fire was in the cloud by night.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+9%3A15&version=NIV |title=Numbers 9:15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Since then, the cloud of the LORD was over the tabernacle by day, and fire was in the cloud by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel during all their travels. When the tabernacle was built, God called Moses from the Tent of Meeting (tabernacle)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+1%3A1&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 1:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and taught him the regulations in detail about the [[Sacrifice in Old Testament|sacrifice]] to offer to God in the sanctuary. According to God’s word, Moses appointed Aaron and his sons as priests. After finishing the sacrifice, Moses and Aaron went into the Tent of Meeting and came out to bless the people; and the glory of God appeared to all the people. Fire came out from the presence of God and consumed the burnt offering and the fat portions on the altar.

Later, Aaron’s two sons, Nadab and Abihu, offered unauthorized fire before the LORD, contrary to His command.<ref name="불1" /><ref name="불2" />Then, fire came out from the presence of the LORD and consumed them, and they died before the LORD.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+10%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 10:1–2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> After their death, God commanded Aaron to avoid death by not coming at any time into the Most Holy Place in front of the atonement cover on the ark (Lev 16:1–2).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+16%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 16:1–2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> He also told him that when entering the sanctuary area, Aaron had to make atonement for himself and his household and then put the incense on the fire in the Most Holy Place, so that he would not die. After the tabernacle was built, Israel’s [[The The Twelve Tribes of Israel of Israel|twelve tribes]] split up into 4 groups of 3 and positioned themselves to the '''''north''''', '''''south''''', '''''east''''', and '''''west''''' of the tabernacle''''':''''' the tribes of Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun encamped on the east side; the tribes of Reuben, Simeon, and Gad on the south side; the tribes of Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin on the west side; the tribes of Dan, Asher, and Naphtali on the north side; the tribe of Levi around the tabernacle. The tribe of Levi was in charge of serving in the tabernacle, and in return received a tenth of the income of each tribe as an inheritance.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+3%3A5-8&version=NIV |title=Numbers 3:5–8 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+18%3A21&version=NIV |title=Numbers 18:21 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> The Israelites were encamped or set out from their designated camps, each with their own clan and family. Whenever the cloud lifted from above the tabernacle, the Israelites set out and wherever the cloud settled, they encamped.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+2%3A1-34&version=NIV |title=Numbers 2:1–34 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Whenever the cloud stayed above the tabernacle, whether for two days, a month, or a year, the Israelites did not set out during that time. The tabernacle, which was made in the time of Moses, was built in Shiloh after they entered the land of Canaan, and the [[Ark of the Covenant|ark of the covenant]] of God was enshrined in the tabernacle.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+18%3A1&version=NIV |title=Joshua 18:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> In the time of [[Solomon]], [[Jerusalem]] temple was built to be fixed on Mount Moriah, and they moved the sanctuary to the temple.

== Role and Meaning of the Sanctuary ==
The Ten Commandments, the [[The Feasts of God|feasts]], and the sanctuary are closely connected like a single inseparable organization. The sanctuary was needed to safely keep the Ten Commandments, the words of the covenant of God; the feasts were needed as a manner of serving God in the sanctuary; and the feasts cleansed people through sin offerings and allowed them to go to the sanctuary where the Ten Commandments (the tree of life) were stored and receive life.

=== Where God Dwells ===
The most important reason why the sanctuary was regarded as the holy place is because God dwelled there. The sanctuary was called the LORD’s house as the dwelling place of God.<ref name="거할 성소" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+122%3A1&version=NIV |title=Psalms 122:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+134%3A1&version=NIV |title=Psalms 134:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> It was also a symbol of God’s dwelling with His people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+114%3A2&version=NIV |title=Psalms 114:2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Habakkuk+2%3A20&version=NIV |title=Habakkuk 2:20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The tabernacle was also called the Tent of Meeting<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+25%3A22&version=NIV |title=Exodus 25:22 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+31%3A7&version=NIV |title=Exodus 31:7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+33%3A7&version=NIV |title=Exodus 33:7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+11%3A26&version=NIV |title=Numbers 11:26|publisher= |quote= }}</ref> because they met God there.

=== Where the Ten Commandments Were Kept ===
The Ten Commandments, which are God’s commandments, were kept in the ark of the covenant; the inside of the Most Holy Place. God put the Ten Commandments in the ark of the covenant, and put the cover with two cherubim, meaning two angels, on them (the atonement cover). The fact that the two cherubim, who were guarding the tree of life in the Garden of Eden, were on the ark of the covenant, shows that the tree of life was located there.

The cherubim guarding the tree of life in Eden had a flaming sword to prevent sinners from accessing the tree of life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+3%3A24&version=NIV |title=Genesis 3:24 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Likewise, the two cherubim who guarded the ark of the covenant in the Most Holy Place had a flaming sword, so those who went up to the ark of the covenant against the regulations were put to death. Uzzah was killed on the spot when he accidentally touched the ark of the covenant,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+6%3A6-7&version=NIV |title=2 Samuel 6:6-7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and Aaron’s two sons broke God’s regulations and were put to death by fire from the ark of the covenant.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+10%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 10:1–2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> In other words, the Ten Commandments were given in place of the tree of life, and so Jesus gave us the teaching, “If you want to enter life, obey the commandments.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+19%3A17&version=NIV |title=Matthew 19:17 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

=== Where the Forgiveness of Sins Occurs ===
In the sanctuary where God dwelled, the forgiveness of sins was fulfilled. Sinners could not receive the Ten Commandments, which God gave instead of the tree of life. As it is written, “Without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness” (Heb 9:22),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A22&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 9:22 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>the blood of the sacrifice of a sin offering was needed for the forgiveness of sins. Since the time of [[Cain and Abel|Abel]], the tradition of blood sacrifice had been handed down by word of mouth, and it was codified in the time of Moses.

In the Old Testament times, the priests sacrificed animals and shed their blood for the forgiveness of sins of the people in the sanctuary according to the [[The Law of Moses]]. The sins of the people were temporarily transferred to the sanctuary through the sacrifices on the Sabbath and the feasts, and the sins were finally handed over to a [https://www.britannica.com/topic/scapegoat scapegoat] on the [[Day of Atonement]]. This is a shadow of how the sins of the saints will be temporarily transferred to Christ and then to Satan (the devil) through the feast in the New Testament times. The scapegoat died while wandering around in a solitary place, and the sins of the people were completely forgiven.

=== Earthly Sanctuary and Heavenly Sanctuary ===
The earthly sanctuary that Moses built is a copy and shadow of the heavenly sanctuary.<ref name="히 8:5" /> Just as people had to go to the earthly sanctuary to receive the fruit of the tree of life after being cleansed through the blood of sacrifice of the sin offering, in the New Testament times we must be cleansed through the blood of Christ, who is the Lamb, in order to go to the tree of life in the heavenly sanctuary.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+10%3A19-20&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 10:19–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+22%3A14&version=NIV |title=Revelation 22:14 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+7%3A14&version=NIV |title=Revelation 7:14 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> We come to life by keeping the feasts that symbolize the blood of Christ.
== See also ==
* [[The Most Holy Place|Most Holy Place]]
* [[Temple]]
* [[Ark of the Covenant]]
* [[Jerusalem]]
* [[New Jerusalem]]
* [[Sacrifices in the Old Testament]]
* [[The Feasts of God]]
* [[Day of Atonement]]

== External links ==

* [https://watv.org/ Church of God Official Website]
* [https://watvmedia.org/en/ WATV Media Cast]
* [https://ahnsahnghong.com/en/ Christ Ahnsahnghong Official Website]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]

Moses

2026-04-23T05:15:53Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:모세]][[vi:Môise]][[es:Moisés]][[ne:मोशा]][[pt:Moisés]]{{성경인물
|image=[[file:Guido Reni - Moses with the Tables of the Law - WGA19289.jpg|thumb|Center|250px|''Moses with the tablets of the Ten Commandments'' by Guido Reni, 1624]]
|above=Moses
|영어제목=Moses
|시대=
|출생-사망=
|Family='''Father''': Amram '''Mother''': Jochebed '''Brother''': Aaron '''Sister''': Miriam '''Wife''': Zipporah '''Children (sons)''': Gershom, Eliezer
|Birthplace=Goshen
|Burial place=Mount Nebo, Moab
|활동 지역=
|Major achievements=Wrote the Pentateuch Led the Israelites at the time of Exodus The miracle of the Red Sea Received the Ten Commandments from God Built the tabernacle and established the priests and the Levites Led the Israelites in the desert for 40 years
}}

'''Moses ('''Hebrew: משֶׁה)<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4872.htm 4872. Mosheh], ''Bible Hub''</ref>was a leader who guided the Israelites who were oppressed in Egypt to the land of [[Canaan]] that [[God]] promised to them. He was a son of Amram and Jochebed, Levites. He was raised as a step son of an Egyptian princess. He gave up his comfortable life as the prince of Egypt and suffered with his people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+11%3A24-26&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 11:24–26 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> He is the writer of the [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Torah Pentateuch] and the prophet who represents the Old Testament times. At the age of eighty, he was called by God to lead the Israelites during the [[The Exodus|Exodus]] and [[Life in the Desert|the forty-year journey in the desert]], and he received the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]] directly from God. Moses’ work in the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]] symbolizes the work of [[Jesus Christ]].

==Historical Background ==
[[Jacob]] who lived in Canaan migrated to the land of Goshen in Egypt to escape the famine, being invited by [[Joseph]] who became a prime minister of Egypt. At that time, there were 70 members of Jacob’s family who moved to Egypt. In the land of Goshen, which was known to be the most fertile land in Egypt, the Israelites prospered and became powerful.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+1%3A5-7&version=NIV |title=Exodus 1:5–7 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Jacob’s twelve sons became the basis of the [[The The Twelve Tribes of Israel of Israel|twelve tribes]] of Israel. However, the situation changed when a new king was enthroned because he did not know Joseph, a former prime minister of Egypt. [[Pharaoh]], the king of Egypt, felt a political threat as the number of Israelites increased. Thus, they made the Israelites slaves and let them build the national store cities of Pithom and Ramses to weaken their power. The Israelites carried out hard labor in brick and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields every day. However, the more they were oppressed, the more the population increased and the worries of Pharaoh and the Egyptians grew.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+1%3A8-14&version=NIV |title=Exodus 1:8–14 |publisher= }}</ref> Eventually, Pharaoh ordered to kill all the Hebrew boys when they were born.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moses-Hebrew-prophet/Years-and-deeds Moses - Years and deeds], ''Britannica''</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+1%3A22&version=NIV |title=Exodus 1:22 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

== Moses’ Life and Major Events ==
=== Birth and Life in the Palace ===
[[file:Moïse sauvé des eaux - Véronèse (A 66).jpg |thumb | px |''Moses Saved from the Water'' by Paolo Veronese, 1570–1580]]
After Pharaoh’s command was given throughout Egypt, Jochebed the wife of Amram of the tribe of Levi gave birth to a son. Jochebed raised the child for three months while hiding him. As the child grew older, it was hard to hide him. So she put him in a papyrus basket coated it with tar and pitch. Then, she placed the child in it and put it among the reeds along the bank of the Nile. At that time, the princess of Pharaoh came to bathe and found the box. The princess knew that the child was a Hebrew, but she felt sorry for him and decided to keep the child. After seeing this, Moses’ sister Miriam recommended his mother Jochebed as his nanny to nurse the child to the princess. The princess paid Jochebed a wage and let her nurse the child. After taking the child to the palace and adopt him, the princess gave him the name ''Moses'' meaning, “I drew him out of the water.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+2%3A1-10&version=NIV|title=Exodus 2:1–10|date=}}</ref> According to Stephen’s speech at the Council, Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians until he was forty years old in the royal palace.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+7%3A22&version=NIV |title=Acts 7:22 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

=== Shepherd Life ===
* '''Fleeing to Midian'''
When Moses turned 40, he decided to take care of his people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+7%3A23&version=NIV |title=Acts 7:23 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> One day, he went to the field where his people, the Hebrews, worked. Seeing an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, he became furious and killed the Egyptian. Moses hid the Egyptian body in the sand. The next day, he went out again, and this time he saw two Hebrews fighting. While mediating their fight, Moses found out that what he had killed an Egyptian was exposed. When Pharaoh tried to find Moses to kill him, Moses ran away from Pharaoh and fled to [https://www.britannica.com/place/Midian Midian].

Moses happened to help the seven daughters of a Midianite priest called Jethro (also known as Reuel),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+2%3A18&version=NIV |title=Exodus 2:18 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>who were in trouble by a well. There, Moses married Zipporah the daughter of Jethro,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+2%3A11-22&version=NIV|title=Exodus 2:11–22|date=}}</ref> gave birth to two sons, and lived as a shepherd herding sheep for forty years.
* '''Receiving the Mission to Save His People.'''
{{그림 |애굽에서 노예 생활을 하는 이스라엘 백성들.jpg|너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=The Israelites enslaved in Egypt}}As time passed by, a new king ascended to the throne of Egypt, but the Israelites were still suffering from hard labor. God heard their groaning and crying and remembered the covenant He had made with [[Abraham]], [[Isaac]], and [[Jacob]] and looked after them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+2%3A23-25&version=NIV |title=Exodus 2:23–25 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
One day, Moses drove his sheep to Horeb (Mount Sinai),<ref name="장인 이드로">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+3%3A1&version=NIV |title=Exodus 3:1 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> the mountain of God, and found flames of fire from within a bush. When Moses tried to get close to it, God commanded Moses, "Do not come any closer, but Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is a holy ground." God told Moses, who was afraid, a plan of delivering the Israelites out of Egypt and lead them to the land of Canaan flowing with milk and honey. He entrusted Moses with the mission to save the Israelites.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+3%3A2-10&version=NIV|title=Exodus 3:2–10|date=}}</ref> Moses thought he was not the one who could be entrusted with the task, but God encouraged him and said He would be with him<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+3%3A11-12&version=NIV Exodus 3:11-12]</ref>. Moses asked God to show the Israelites a convincing evidence so that they could trust him. In an instant, God showed him the miracle of the staff of Moses turning into a serpent and the miracle of leprosy on his hand.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+4%3A2-7&version=NIV |title=Exodus 4:2–7 |publisher= }}</ref> Although seeing the power of God right before his eyes, Moses hesitated again and said he was not eloquent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+4%3A10&version=NIV |title=Exodus 4:10 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> God told Moses that He is the [[The Creator|Creator]] who gave man his mouth and said, “I will help.” When Moses asked God once again to entrust the mission to another competent person, God’s anger burned against Moses and said that his brother, [[Aaron]], would speak to the Israelites on his behalf. Then, Moses accepted his mission and said goodbye to Jethro, his father-in-law, and headed for Egypt with his family. Moses was 80 years old at that time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+7%3A23-30&version=NIV |title=Acts 7:23–30 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

=== Exodus and the Life in the desert ===
====Ten Plagues and the Power of the Passover====
[[file:Death of the Firstborn Alma Tadema.jpg |thumb | px |''The Death of Pharaoh's Firstborn Son'' by Lawrence Alma Tadema, 1872]]
Moses and Aaron delivered God’s will to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, to free the Israelites, but Pharaoh refused to listen and rather aggravated their labor and abused them even more. God brought the ten plagues upon the Egyptians to show His power.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+7%3A13-12%3A30&version=NIV Exodus 7:13–12:30]</ref>

The ten plagues that came upon Egypt were as follows:

① First plague: Turning water to blood

② Second plague: Frogs

③ Third plague: Gnats

④ Fourth plague: Flies

⑤ Fifth plague: Livestock Pestilence

⑥ Sixth plague: Boils

⑦ Seventh plague: Hail

⑧ Eighth plague: Locusts

⑨ Ninth plague: Darkness

⑩ Tenth plague: Killing of the Firstborn

As Moses and Aaron had foretold, there were nine plagues, but Pharaoh did not let the Israelites go. Finally, God brought down the tenth plague; destroying all the firstborn of Egypt. God taught Moses and Aaron how to escape the tenth plague, so that they could save the lives of the Israelites. '''The way to escape the last plague''' was '''keeping the [[Passover]]'''.

On the night when the Israelites celebrated the Passover, all were slain in the land of Egypt; from the firstborn of Pharaoh to the firstborn of livestock. There was loud wailing in Egypt. However, the Israelites, who kept the Passover according to God’s word, escaped the disaster. Pharaoh finally decided to let the Israelites go.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A29-31&version=NIV |title=Exodus 12:29-31 |publisher= }}</ref> God commanded the Israelites, who were saved from disasters, to keep the Passover as an everlasting ordinance for generations to come.

{{quote5 |내용= It is the LORD's '''Passover'''. “On that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn―both men and animals―and I will bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD. The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are; and when I see the blood, I will pass over you. '''No destructive plague will touch you''' when I strike Egypt. This is a day you are to commemorate; for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the LORD―'''a lasting ordinance'''.”|출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A11-14&version=NIV Exodus 12:11–14]}}

====The miracle of the Red Sea====
{{그림 |홍해 바다 앞에서 지팡이를 든 모세.jpg|너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Moses with a staff in front of the Red Sea}}
{{그림 |갈라진 홍해를 건너가는 이스라엘 백성들.jpg |너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Israelites crossing the divided Red Sea}}
By the power of the Passover, the Israelites [[The Exodus|came out of Egypt]] and arrived in front of the [[Red Sea]] and encamped there.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+14%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Exodus 14:1–2 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> At that time, Pharaoh changed his mind and pursued the Israelites with six hundred of the best chariots along with all the other chariots of Egypt. The Israelites feared and cried out to God and grumbled against Moses, saying, “It would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the desert!"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+14%3A6-12&version=NIV |title=Exodus 14:6–12 |publisher= }}</ref> Moses reassured the Israelites that God would fight for them. According to God’s word, Moses stretched out his staff over the sea.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+14%3A15-16&version=NIV |title=Exodus 14:15–16 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Then, the sea was divided and a dry ground appeared. All that night, God drove the sea back with a strong east wind and turned it into dry land.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+14%3A21&version=NIV |title=Exodus 14:21 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> The waters were divided, and the Israelites went through the sea on dry ground, with a wall of water on their right and on their left. When the Egyptian army came after the Israelites into the sea, God made the wheels of their chariots come off so that they had difficulty driving.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+14%3A22-25&version=NIV |title=Exodus 14:22–25 |publisher= }}</ref> At daybreak, Moses stretched out his hand over the sea by following God's word, and the sea went back to its place; the Egyptians were fleeing toward it, and God swept them into the sea. The Israelites landed safely on the other side of the land. The Israelites, who had witnessed the power of God, feared God and trusted Moses.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+14%3A27-31&version=NIV |title=Exodus 14:27–31 |publisher= }}</ref>
*The Miracle That Divided the Red Sea (A scene from the movie, ''The Ten Commandments'')
<youtube width="400" height="250">OqCTq3EeDcY</youtube>

====Battle With the Amalekites====
[[file:VictoryOLord.JPG |thumb | 250px |''God of Victory'' by John Everett Millais, 1871: Moses raises his hand and Israel win the battle against the Amalekites.]]
When the Israelites were at Rephidim through the Desert of Sin,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+17%3A1&version=NIV |title=Exodus 17:1 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Amalekites the Amalekites] attacked Israel. Moses let [[Joshua]] lead an army and fight while he took Aaron and Hur up to the top of the mountain. As long as Moses held up his hands, the Israelites were winning, but whenever he lowered his hands, the Amalekites were winning. As Moses grew tired, Aaron and Hur held up his arms on each side until the sunset. Eventually, Joshua’s army won the war.

After the war, Moses gave thanks to God and built an altar, and called it, “Jehovah Nissi,” which means, “Jehovah is my banner.”<ref name="아말렉 전투">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+17%3A8-16&version=NIV|title=Exodus 17:8–16|date=}}</ref>

====Moses Received the First Set of the Ten Commandments====
{{참고|Ten Commandments|설명=}}
God descended to Mount Sinai and proclaimed the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]] while the Israelites gathered together.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A1-17&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:1–17 |publisher= }}</ref> They were afraid that they would die when they heard God’s voice, so they asked Moses to deliver God’s word on His behalf.<ref name="우뢰소리">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:18–19 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Moses was the only person who faced God.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+33%3A11&version=NIV |title=Exodus 33:11 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> The people heard God’s voice like the thunder, but Moses heard and understood it correctly.<ref name="우뢰소리" /> God let the people go back to their tents and called Moses separately. Then, He taught all the laws and regulations, including [[The Feasts of God|the seven feast in three times]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+23%3A14-17&version=NIV |title=Exodus 23:14–17 |publisher= }}</ref> When Moses delivered God’s word to the people, they replied with one voice that they would obey the word.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+24%3A3&version=NIV |title=Exodus 24:3 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> God told Moses to go up to Mount Sinai, so that He would give him the tablets of stone with the law and the commandments written on it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+24%3A12&version=NIV |title=Exodus 24:12 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> From that day on, Moses went up to Mount Sinai and stayed there forty days and nights without eating bread or drinking water.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+24%3A15-18&version=NIV |title=Exodus 24:15-18 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+9%3A9&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 9:9 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> God commanded Moses to build a [[Sanctuary (Tabernacle)|sanctuary (tabernacle)]] that He would dwell among His people. He showed Moses in detail the structure, size, shape, and materials of the sanctuary, and told him to build it exactly how it was shown.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+25%3A1-9&version=NIV |title=Exodus 25:1–9 |publisher= }}</ref> Also, God made the two stone tablets of the covenant, meaning the tablets of the Ten Commandments, and asked to store them in the [[Ark of the Covenant|ark of the covenant]] inside the [[The Most Holy Place|Most Holy Place]]. Then, God said He would meet Moses and give him all His commands for the Israelites from above the cover between the two cherubim ([[Angel|angels]]) that were over the ark of the Testimony.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+25%3A21-22&version=NIV |title=Exodus 25:21–22 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> When God finished speaking to him on Mount Sinai, He gave Moses the two tablets of the Testimony, the tablets of stone (of the Ten Commandments) inscribed by the finger of God.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+31%3A18&version=NIV |title=Exodus 31:18 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
*Moses receives the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai (A scene from the movie, ''The Ten Commandments'')
<youtube width="400" height="250">4MkCFlsWvVQ</youtube>

====Idolatry With the Golden Calf====
{{그림 |금송아지 우상 숭배2.jpg |너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=The Israelites worship the golden calf as an Idol.}}
[[file:Mosesonmountsinai.jpg |thumb | px |''Moses on Mount Sinai'' by Daniele da Volterra, 1545–1555]]When Moses did not come down from Mount Sinai for forty days, the people came to Aaron and asked him to make a god to lead them because they were not sure what happened to Moses. Aaron made an idol in the shape of a calf by melting the gold earrings brought by the people. The people built an altar in front of it and called the golden calf the god who brought them out of Egypt. Then, they sat down to eat and drink, and got up to indulge in revelry. Moreover, Aaron proclaimed, “Tomorrow there will be a festival to the LORD."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+32%3A1-6&version=NIV |title=Exodus 32:1–6 |publisher= }}</ref>
God was angry with the people who became corrupt and worshiped the [[idol]], so He said He would destroy them. When Moses sought the favor of God, God saw his earnestness and did not bring disaster.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+32%3A7-14&version=NIV|title=Exodus 32:7–14|date=}}</ref> As Moses descended from Mount Sinai, he saw the people worshiping an idol in the form of a golden calf. His anger burned and threw the tablets out of his hands, breaking them to pieces at the foot of the mountain. When Moses made a distinction between those who stood on God’s side and those who did not, the Levites stood on God’s side. Moses punished those who worshiped the idol of the golden calf by the tribe of Levi. That day, 3,000 people were killed.<ref name="놋뱀사건">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+32%3A15-28&version=NIV|title=Exodus 32:15–28|date=}}</ref>
====Received the Second Set of the Ten Commandments====
Moses went to God and repented of the sins of the Israelites and asked for forgiveness, saying, “Please forgive their sin--but if not, then blot me out of the book you have written." Then, God answered, “Whoever has sinned against me I will blot out of my book.”<ref name="모세 용서">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+32%3A30-33&version=NIV |title=Exodus 32:30–33 |publisher= }}</ref> God commanded Moses to tell the Israelites to take off their ornaments.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+33%3A5-6&version=NIV |title=Exodus 33:5–6 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Then, He asked Moses to chisel two stone tables like the first ones and come up to Mount Sinai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+34%3A1&version=NIV |title=Exodus 34:1 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> As Moses followed everything, God came down on Mount Sinai. God said that He would make a covenant with His people. He commanded them as follows: Do not worship any other gods, do not make cast idols, keep the seventh-day [[Sabbath]], celebrate the [[The Feast of Unleavened Bread|Feast of Unleavened Bread]], the [[Feast of Weeks]], and the [[Feast of Tabernacles|Feast of Ingathering]] every year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+34%3A18-22&version=NIV |title=Exodus 34:18–22 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Moses was there with God forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. God recorded the words of the covenant, which were the same as the first time, the Ten Commandments, on the stone tablets.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+34%3A27-28&version=NIV |title=Exodus 34:27-28 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Moses came down with the second set of the Ten Commandments on the 10th day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar. This day become the origin of the [[Day of Atonement]].

====Rebellion of Korah and His Followers====
[[file:The Bible and its story.. (1908) (14792891813).jpg |thumb | px |The destruction of Korah’s men, who rebelled against Moses and Aaron]]
Korah of the tribe of Levi, and certain Reubenites—Dathan, Abiram, and On—coveted the Priest title and formed a group to rebel against Moses and Aaron along with 250 leaders. Moses rebuked them for not knowing their place, but it did not work.

Then, God’s glory appeared when Korah and his followers gathered together in opposition to Moses and Aaron. God told Moses and Aaron to move away from the tents of Korah and his followers because He would put an end to them at once. As soon as the rest of them moved away, the ground under them split apart and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them, with their households and all Korah's men and all their possessions. The 250 leaders were destroyed by the fire that came out from God.

The next day, the Israelite community came out and grumbled against Moses and Aaron, and said they had killed God's people. Then, the plague started among them because they provoked God’s anger. Through this plague, 14,700 people were killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+16&version=NIV|title=Numbers 16|date=}}</ref>

====Moses’ Mistake====
[[file:Poussin, Nicolas - Moses Striking Water from the Rock - 1649.jpg |thumb | px |''Moses Striking the Rock'' by Nicolas Poussin, 1649]]
When the Israelites stayed at Kadesh, there was no water to drink. They rushed to Moses and Aaron and complained, “Why did you bring us up out of Egypt to this terrible place?” God said to Moses and Aaron, “Take the staff and gather the assembly together. Speak to that rock before their eyes and it will pour out its water.”

Then, Moses and Aaron called the people together in front of the rock and said, “Listen, you rebels, '''must we (Moses and Aaron) bring you water''' out of this rock?" Then, Moses struck the rock twice with his staff. Water gushed out and the community and their livestock drank. However, God said to Moses and Aaron, “You will not bring this community into Canaan I give them,” because they glorified themselves from the incident that came from God’s power. In the end, Moses and Aaron could not enter the land of Canaan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+32%3A52&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 32:52 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

====Venomous Snakes and the Bronze Snake====
[[file:The Bible and its story.. (1908) (14586328100).jpg |thumb | px |God told Moses to make a bronze snake and put it on a pole, and He let everyone who saw it live.]]
The Israelites traveled from Mount Hor along the route to the Red Sea, to go around Edom on the way to Canaan, which was not a shortcut. The people grew impatient, and grumbled against God and Moses again.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+21%3A4-5&version=NIV |title=Numbers 21:4–5 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> God was angry at their complaints and sent venomous snakes among them; they bit the people and many of them died. The people came to Moses and confessed their sins. They asked Moses to pray that God would take the snakes away from them. When Moses prayed for the people, God told Moses to make a bronze snake and put it up on a pole. Then, when anyone was bitten by a snake and looked at the bronze snake, they lived.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+21%3A6-9&version=NIV |title=Numbers 21:6–9 |publisher= }}</ref> It was not the bronze snake that saved the people at this time, but God’s word, “Anyone who is bitten can look at it (the bronze snake) and live.” Later on, however, the people worshiped this bronze snake.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+18%3A4&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 18:4 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
====Appointed Joshua as His Successor====
{{참고|Joshua|설명=}}
God called Moses and asked him to go up to Mount Nebo from the plains of Moab, across from [[Jericho]], to see the land of Canaan. God told Moses that He would die on Mount Nebo without crossing over into the land of Canaan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+32%3A49-51&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 32:49–51 |publisher= }}</ref> Then, God told him to appoint [[Joshua]] as his successor.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+27%3A18-20&version=NIV |title=Numbers 27:18–20 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> According to God’s word, Moses laid his hands on Joshua and appointed him as his successor.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+27%3A22-23&version=NIV |title=Numbers 27:22–23 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
====Moses’ Last Sermon====
On the first day of the eleventh month, 40 years after leaving Egypt, Moses and the Israelites arrived in the east of the [[Jordan]] on the plains of Moab. Moses preached his last sermon to the people there. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+1%3A1&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 1:1 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Moses looked back on the past [[Life in the Desert|40 years in the desert]]. He told them that man does not live on bread alone but on every word that comes from the mouth of God. Then, he urge them to fear God and keep His commands because God had them walk in the desert so that in the end it might go well with them. Moreover, Moses explained in detail God’s decrees and laws that they must keep all our lives: [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]], [[The Feasts of God|the feasts]], [[Tithe|tithes]], etc.

Moses repeatedly said that what God wants the people to do is to serve God with all their heart and soul, and to observe God’s commands and decrees for their own good.{{quote5 |내용= And now, O Israel, what does the LORD your God ask of you but to fear the LORD your God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, and '''to observe the LORD's commands and decrees''' that I am giving you '''today for your own good'''? |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+10%3A12-13&version=NIV Deuteronomy 10:12–13]}}

Moses said that if they obey God’s commands, they would be blessed wherever we went.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+28%3A1-3&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 28:1–3 |publisher= }}</ref> Moses gave the book of the Law, which he wrote, to the Levites and told them to put it next to the [[Ark of the Covenant|ark of the covenant]] as the evidence.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+31%3A24-26&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 31:24–26 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
[[file:Mt. Nebo, Jordan (2007-05-822) (1331040864).jpg |thumb | 150px |Mount Nebo is known as the place where Moses died and was buried.]]

====Moses’ Death====
Moses died on Mount Nebo and was buried. Moses was 120 years old when he died. Until he died, yet his eyes were not weak nor his strength gone. No prophet has risen in Israel like Moses, whom God knew face to face. The Israelites grieved thirty days for Moses’ death, weeping and mourning.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+34%3A7-10&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 34:7–10 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

== Summary of Moses’ Life ==
{| class="wikitable"
! '''Life'''
! class="unsortable" | '''A scene from the movie, ''The Ten Commandments'''''
! '''Main Events'''
! class="unsortable" | '''Bible Verses'''
|-
| Born and lived in the royal palace (40 years)
| [[File:Nina Foch in The Ten Commandments trailer.jpg|180px]]
| ・Pharaoh ordered to kill Hebrew boys. 
・Born to the parents of the tribe of Levi 
・Found by the Egyptian princess on the Nile 
・Began life in the royal palace as the adopted son of the Egyptian princess 
・Learning all the teachings and wisdom of Egypt 
・Killed an Egyptian who abused his people (Hebrews) (age 40)
| [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ex+1%3A22&version=NIV Ex 1:22;] [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ex+2%3A1-15&version=NIV Ex 2:1–15;] [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ac+7%3A20-28&version=NIV Ac 7:20–28]
|-
| Shepherd life (40 years)
| [[file:호렙산 떨기나무 앞 모세.jpg|180px]]
|・Fled to the land of Midian
・Life as a shepherd in the house of the priest Jethro

・Married Jethro’s daughter, Zipporah (son: Gershom, Eliezer)

・Called by God on Mount Horeb (age 80)
| [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ex+2%3A21-22&version=NIV Ex 2:21–22;] [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ex+3&version=NIV Ex 3]
|-
| rowspan="2" | Exodus and life in the desert (40 years)
| [[File:갈라진 홍해를 건너는 이스라엘 백성.jpg|180px]]
| ・Confronted pharaoh
・Celebrated the Passover and the Exodus

・The miracle of the Red Sea
| [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ex+7-14&version=NIV Ex 7–14]
|-
| [[File:하나님이 친수로 쓰신 십계명.jpg|180px]]
|・Received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai
・Built the tabernacle and established priests and Levites

・Appointed Joshua as successor

・Died on Mount Nebo (age 120)
| [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ex+31%3A18&version=NIV Ex 31:18;] [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Nu+27%3A18-20&version=NIV Nu 27:18–20;] [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Dt+34%3A7-10&version=NIV Dt 34:7–10]
|-
|}

== Moses in the New Testament ==
The Old Testament and the New Testament have the relationship as shadow and reality.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+8%3A5-6&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 8:5–6 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Moses who appeared in the Old Testament times represents [[Jesus Christ]] in the New Testament times.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+18%3A17-18&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 18:17–18 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> So the Bible prophesied that Jesus is a prophet like Moses.

{{quote5 |내용= ”He may send the '''Christ, who has been appointed for you--even Jesus'''. For '''Moses''' said, ‘The LORD your God will raise up for you '''a prophet like me''' from among your own people; you must listen to everything he tells you . . .’ Indeed, all the prophets from Samuel on, as many as have spoken, have foretold '''these days'''.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+3%3A20-24&version=NIV Acts 3:20–24]}}

From this point of view, the word of Moses is a foreshadow of that of Jesus. In fact, when we compare the lives of [[Moses and Jesus]], we can find many similar patterns even from their birth.
{{참고|Moses and Jesus|설명=}}

== Lesson ==
Before Moses was called by God, he was a shepherd and was not eloquent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+6%3A12&version=NIV |title=Exodus 6:12 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> However, after receiving God’s call, he became a leader of 600,000 Israelite men and led them into Canaan. This enlightens us to the fact that '''when God calls us for a mission, He gives us power to carry it out'''. God does not use those who are wise and strong in the world, but rather, He uses those who humble themselves and believe that it is God who gives them all their abilities.

Moses is recorded as one of the forefathers of faith in the [[book of Hebrews]] of the [[The New Testament|New Testament]]. Moses grew up as the son of an Egyptian princess, but he abandoned the wealth, power, and honor he had in Egypt, and chose to be mistreated with God’s people. It was because he looked ahead to his rewards from God rather than for the pleasure of the world.

{{quote5 |내용=By faith Moses refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter when he was grown up. He chose to be mistreated with God’s people instead of having the temporary pleasures of sin. He thought that the abuses he suffered for Christ were more valuable than the treasures of Egypt, since he was looking forward to the reward. By faith he left Egypt without being afraid of the king’s anger. He kept on going as if he could see what is invisible. By faith he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of blood, in order that the destroyer could not touch their firstborn children.|출처=Common English Bible, Hebrews 11:24–28}}

Moses confronted Pharaoh, a man of absolute power, only by faith in God. Finally, he protected the Israelites from the plague of destroying the firstborn by celebrating the Passover, and freed them from the slavery of Egypt

After coming out of Egypt, Moses delivered God’s will to the Israelites as a mediator between God and the people, and went to God on behalf of all the Israelites. When the Israelites did something wrong, he faced down before God and asked Him to forgive them.<ref name="모세 용서" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+34%3A8-9&version=NIV|title=Exodus 34:8–9|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+16%3A20-22&version=NIV|title=Numbers 16:20–22|quote=}}</ref> Thus, Moses cared for the Israelites, who complained and grumbled against him, and devoted himself to leading them to Canaan. The Bible evaluates Moses as “the most humble man on the face of the earth,”<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+12%3A3&version=NIV|title=Numbers 12:3|quote=}}</ref> and “the one who is faithful as a servant in the whole house of God.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+3%3A5&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 3:5|quote=}}</ref> Moses’ faith in God, hope for rewards in heaven, and love for the people are good examples for the saints who walk in the desert of faith, looking forward to the heavenly Canaan.

== Related videos ==
* '''Sermon: The Source of Power That Fulfills God’s Work of Salvation'''
<youtube width="400" height="250">_rfJ-axKq2g</youtube>
* '''Sermon: God’s Calling'''
<youtube width="400" height="250">hkH5ju3Gh1M</youtube>

== See also ==
*[[Moses and Jesus]]
*[[Life in the Desert]]
*[[Passover]]
*[[Red Sea]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Figures]]

Melchizedek

2026-04-23T05:15:29Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:멜기세덱]][[vi:Mênchixêđéc]][[es:Melquisedec]][[ne:मल्कीसेदेक]][[pt:Melquisedeque]]{{성경인물
|image={{그림|Melquisedec, rey de Salem (Museo del Prado).jpg|정렬=가운데|너비=140px|타이틀=''Melchizedek King of Salem'' by Juan de Juanes}}
|title=Melchizedek
|영어제목= מֶלֶךְ־צֶדֶק
|Period= 20th century B.C.
|출생-사망=
|가족 관계=
|Occupation(Features)= King of Salem, Priest of God
|Activity area=Salem (presumably Jerusalem)
|통치 기간=
|Major achievements=Blessed Abraham through bread and wine
}}
'''Melchizedek''' (Hebrew: מֶלֶךְ־צֶדֶק)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4442.htm |title=4442. Malki-tsedeq |website=Bible Hub |date= |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref> was king of Salem and a priest of God in the 20th century B.C. Salem which he ruled is most likely Jerusalem. In Psalm 76:2, Salem is mentioned as if it is synonymous with [[Jerusalem]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+76%3A2&version=NIV |title=Psalms 76:2 |quote=}}</ref> and the words “Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King's Valley)” in Genesis 14:17 supports this.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+14%3A17-18&version=NIV |title=Genesis 14:17–18 |quote=}}</ref> Melchizedek appears only once in the [[book of Genesis]]. As the first priest to appear in the [[Bible]], he blessed [[Abraham]], the father of faith, through bread and wine, and Abraham gave him tithe. Due to this act of Abraham, Melchizedek has great significance in the study of the Bible. In the New Testament, Hebrews chapters 5–7 describe Melchizedek in detail, and explain about him, who is the priest and king, as the figure representing the [[Messiah]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Melchizedek |title=Melchizedek |website=Britannica |publisher= | quote= }}</ref>

==Who Is Melchizedek?==
[[File:Breenbergh, Abraham et Melchisédech.jpg|thumb|''Abraham and Melchizedek'' by Bartholomeus Breenbergh: Melchizedek blesses Abraham through bread and wine.]]
===Name===
The name ''Melchizedek'' is a combination of the Hebrew words ''melek'' (מֶלֶךְ<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4428.htm |title=4428. melek |website=Bible Hub |date= |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref>, king) and ''tzédek'' (צֶדֶק<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6664.htm |title=6664. tsedeq |website=Bible Hub |date= |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref>, righteousness), meaning ''king of righteousness''. ''Salem'' (שָׁלֵם)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8004.htm |title=8004. Shalem |website=Bible Hub |date= |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref>, which was ruled by Melchizedek, means ''peace''.

In the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]], the king of righteousness and the king of peace represented [[Christ]] who would appear in the future.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+9%3A6&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 9:6 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+23%3A5&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 23:5 |quote= }}</ref> Therefore, the writer of the [[book of Hebrews]] in the [[The New Testament|New Testament]] interprets Melchizedek as the shadow of Christ, the King of true righteousness and peace.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+7%3A2&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 7:2 |quote=}}</ref>

===Priest Blessing People through Bread and Wine===
In the 20th century B.C., a war broke out between the five countries around the Dead Sea and the allies led by Kedorlaomer king of Elam. At this time, Abraham’s nephew Lot became a captive by the allies of Elam, and Abraham led a neighboring tribe and 318 trained men born in his household to save Lot and fought against the allies of Elam, and he won.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+14%3A9-16&version=NIV |title=Genesis 14:9–16 |quote=}}</ref> On his way back to his land, the king of Sodom met him; and Melchizedek king of Salem, the priest of God, blessed Abraham through bread and wine. In return, Abraham gave him a tenth of the spoils.
{{quote5 |내용= After Abram [Abraham’s old name] returned from defeating Kedorlaomer and the kings allied with him, the king of Sodom came out to meet him in the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King’s Valley). Then '''Melchizedek''' king of Salem brought out '''bread and wine'''. He was priest of God Most High, and he blessed Abram, saying, “Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth. And blessed be God Most High, who delivered your enemies into your hand.” Then Abram gave him a tenth of everything. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+14%3A17-20&version=NIV Genesis 14:17–20]}}

In the Old Testament times, it was very unusual offering bread and wine to worship God and ask blessings. The time of Abraham was before the [[Sacrifice in Old Testament|sacrificial system of the Old Testament]] was codified, but it was common to sacrifice an animal to God since [[Cain and Abel|Abel]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+4%3A4&version=NIV |title=Genesis 4:4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+8%3A20&version=NIV |title=Genesis 8:20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Interestingly, Melchizedek did not offer a burnt offering but blessed Abraham through bread and wine. Among the priests in the Old Testament times, Melchizedek was the only priest who blessed people through bread and wine.

==Order of Melchizedek==
===High Priest in the Order of Melchizedek===
The Old Testament prophecy about Melchizedek is found in [[Psalm]] 110. David referred to the Lord, who is to appear in the future—the Messiah, as the “eternal priest in the order of Melchizedek.”

{{quote5 |내용= The LORD says to my '''Lord''': “Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.” The LORD will extend your mighty scepter from Zion; . . . The LORD has sworn and will not change his mind: “You are a '''priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek'''.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+110%3A1-4&version=NIV Psalm 110:1–4]}}

In the Bible, there are two types of priesthood: the priesthood in the order of Melchizedek as prophesied in the book of Psalms, and the priesthood in the order of Aaron from the Old Testament. Priests, who follow the order of Aaron, sacrifice animals and offer their blood.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+1%3A1-4&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 1:1–4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The priest, who follows the order of Melchizedek, offers bread and wine to God like Melchizedek. The “Lord,” who appeared as a priest in the order of Melchizedek, was fulfilled by [[Jesus Christ]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+22%3A43-45&version=NIV |title=Matthew 22:43–45 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

{{quote5 |내용= Although he was a son, he learned obedience from what he suffered and, once made perfect, he became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey him and was designated by God to be high priest in '''the order of Melchizedek'''. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+5%3A8-10&version=NIV Hebrews 5:8–10]}}

After Jesus appeared as a priest in the order of Melchizedek in the New Testament times, the priesthood was changed from the order of Aaron to the order of Melchizedek. The priesthood of Jesus which is in the order of Melchizedek is faultless, perfect, and permanent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+7%3A11-25&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 7:11–25 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

===Christ Gives Blessings Through the Passover Bread and Wine===
{{그림 |최후의 만찬 유월절.jpg|너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Jesus blessed us with eternal life through the Passover bread and wine.}}
Melchizedek worship God by offering bread and wine. As the high priest in the order of Melchizedek, Jesus blessed us through bread and wine just as Melchizedek did.
{{quote5 |내용= “ ‘I am going to celebrate the Passover with my disciples at your house.’ ” So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the '''Passover'''. . . . While they were eating, Jesus took '''bread''', gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying, “Take and eat; this is '''my body'''.” Then he took the '''cup [wine]''', gave thanks and offered it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you. This is '''my blood''' of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the '''forgiveness of sins'''.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A18-28&version=NIV Matthew 26:18–28]}}

At the Holy Supper of the Passover, Jesus said that the bread and wine were His flesh and blood, and through them He blessed us with the forgiveness of sins and eternal life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A54&version=NIV|title=John 6:54 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> In the days of Jesus, the Jewish priests sacrificed sheep, goats, and cattle, but Jesus was the only One who blessed people with eternal life through bread and wine. The Passover bread and wine are a sign showing that Jesus is the High Priest in the order of Melchizedek.

==Melchizedek and Second Coming Christ==
===There Is Much to Say About Melchizedek but Is Hard to Explain===
There is no objection that Jesus is the High Priest in the order of Melchizedek. The writer of the book of Hebrews wrote that Jesus is the High Priest in the order of Melchizedek, but he also wrote, “We have much to say about Melchizedek, but it is hard to explain.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+5%3A11&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 5:11 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> In Hebrews 7, Melchizedek is introduced as one without father or mother, without genealogy, without beginning of days or end of life.
{{quote5 |내용= This Melchizedek was king of Salem and priest of God Most High. . . . '''Without father or mother, without genealogy''', without beginning of days or end of life, like the Son of God he remains a priest forever. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+7%3A1-3&version=NIV Hebrews 7:1–3]}}

The record that Melchizedek was without father or mother, or genealogy is also a prophecy about Christ. It doesn’t mean that he literally had no parents or genealogy. It means that Christ, who is the reality of Melchizedek, is to be born as a Gentile under the parents who do not believe in God.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+12%3A50&version=NIV|title=Matthew 12:50 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> However, although Jesus was a high priest in the order of Melchizedek, He was born in the tribe of Judah in [[Israel]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+1%3A1-16&version=NIV|title=Matthew 1:1–16 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> This is what was difficult to explain about Melchizedek in the time of the early Church. The prophecy about Melchizedek, which was hard to understand 2,000 years ago through Jesus Christ alone, is the prophecy that [[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)|Second Coming Christ]] will be born in a Gentile nation, not in Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A28&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 9:28 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

=== Christ Has Restored the Passover ===
Second Coming Christ, too, should appear as the high priest in the order of Melchizedek and give us eternal life through the Passover bread and wine just as Jesus did 2,000 years ago. The [[Passover of the new covenant]] was abolished at the [[Council of Nicaea]] in A.D. 325.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thereporter.com/2020/04/11/the-passover-easter-connection/#:~:text=When%20Emperor%20Constantine%20stopped%20the,align%20with%20the%20solar%20calendar.%E2%80%9D |title=The Passover-Easter Connection |website=The Reporter |date=April 11, 2020 |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref> It means that the order of Melchizedek, which gives eternal life through bread and wine, was cut off. Since the 16th century, reformers have come out and shouted for reformation of the truth and faith and many churches and denominations have emerged, but none of them have restored the Passover.
{{quote5 |내용= On this mountain the Lord Almighty will prepare a feast of rich food for all peoples, a banquet of '''aged wine'''—the best of meats and the finest of wines. On this mountain he will destroy the shroud that enfolds all peoples, the sheet that covers all nations; he will '''swallow up death forever'''. The Sovereign Lord will wipe away the tears from all faces; he will remove the disgrace of his people from all the earth. The Lord has spoken. In that day they will say, “Surely '''this is our God'''; we trusted in him, and he saved us.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+25%3A6-9&version=NIV Isaiah 25:6–9]}}

“Aged wine” means that the Passover have not kept for about 1,600 years since 325. It is only God, the high priest in the order of Melchizedek, who can bless us with eternal life through the Passover bread and wine.

Then, [[Ahnsahnghong|Christ Ahnsahnghong]] has restored the Passover of the new covenant in this age as it is in the Bible. In the Old Testament times, Melchizedek was the only priest who brought bread and wine. Two thousand years ago, Jesus was the only One who blessed people with eternal life through the bread and wine of the Passover; because the Passover bread and wine are the sign of Christ, who is the high priest who comes in the order of Melchizedek. In this age when no one celebrates the Passover, only Christ Ahnsahnghong blesses people with eternal life through the Passover bread and wine. Ahnsahnghong is the Christ who comes a second time as the high priest in the order of Melchizedek, and God who is without beginning of days or end of life.

==Related videos==
* '''Sermon: The Passover and the Order of Melchizedek'''
<youtube>xpwc34JdesM&t=52s</youtube>

==See also==
* [[Ahnsahnghong]]
* [[Order of Priest]]
* [[Passover]]

==External links==
* [https://ahnsahnghong.com/en/ Christ Ahnsahnghong Official Website]
* [https://watv.org/bible_word/melchizedek-and-christ/ Church of God’s Sermon “Melchizedek and Christ”]

==References==
<references />

{{아버지 진리 둘러보기}}

[[Category:God the Father]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Figures]]

David

2026-04-23T05:15:08Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:다윗]][[vi:Đavít]][[es:David]][[ne:दाऊद]][[pt:Davi]]{{Template:성경인물
|image=[[File:King David - Sir Peter Paul Rubens.png|''King David'' by Peter Paul Rubens, 1616|thumb|center|200px]]
|above=David
|영어제목=דָּוִד
|Period=11th–10th century B.C.
|출생-사망=
|Family= '''Father''' Jesse 
'''Son (successor)''' Solomon
|Occupation(Features)=The second king of the Kingdom of Israel
|Activity area=Jerusalem
|Reign=40 years
|Major achievements=Conquered the City of Zion(Jerusalem) Expanded the land Established various systems Wrote most of the book of Psalms
}}
'''David''' (Hebrew: דָּוִד<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1732.htm |title=1732. David |website=Bible Hub |date= |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref>, Arabic: داود<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/david/ |title= David|website=Almaany.com |date= |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref>) was the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel in the 11th century B.C. He became king at the age of 30 and reigned for 40 years. He was chosen by [[God]] to be king because he was found to be a man after God’s own heart.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+13%3A22&version=NIV|title=Acts 13:22|quote=}}</ref> He is remembered as the greatest king in Israel, who loved God with all his heart. He is an incomparable and ideal king who established a strong dynasty in the history of Israel. Under the faith in [[Jehovah|God Jehovah]], he united the [[The The Twelve Tribes of Israel of Israel|twelve tribes]] of Israel, which used to be at feud with one another, as one nation and he appointed Jerusalem as the capital. By expanding its military power, he achieved a reign of peace with no invasions from foreign forces. The history of his reign is described in detail in the [[book of 2 Samuel]] and the [[book of 1 Chronicles]] 11–29 of the Bible.

After [[Solomon]], son of David, Israel was divided into north and south and there were frequent invasions from foreign countries, which gave the Jews a desire for a powerful [[Messiah]] like David. Many prophecies in the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]] described the Messiah, who would appear later, as King David.

==Life of David==
===Year of Birth===
[[File:David the Shepherd, Elizabeth Jane Gardner.jpg|thumb|200px|''The Shepherd David'' by Elizabeth Jane Gardner, 1895]]
David was born of the tribe of Judah as the great-grandson of [[Ruth]], a Moabite woman, and Boaz, and the youngest son of Jesse.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+1%3A5-6&version=NIV|title=Matthew 1:5–6|quote= }}</ref> In the [[book of 1 Samuel]], it is said that David had seven elder brothers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+16%3A10-11&version=NIV|title=1 Samuel 16:10–11|quote=}}</ref> However, in the [[book of 1 Chronicles]], only six names (Eliab, Abinadab, Shimea, Nethanel, Raddai, Ozem) are mentioned. It is presumed that the name of David’s brother missing in the book of Chronicles was omitted because he was not important at that time, or because he died young. David also had two sisters—Zeruiah and Abigail.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+2%3A13-16&version=NIV|title=1 Chronicles 2:13–16|quote=}}</ref> The boy David was a shepherd of his father Jesse. When a lion or a bear came and carried off a sheep from the flock, he went after it and rescued the sheep.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+17%3A34-35&version=NIV|title=1 Samuel 17:34-35|quote=}}</ref>

===God’s Chosen King===
[[File:Biennoury Samuel sacrant David.JPG|thumb|''Samuel sacrant David'' by Victor Biennoury, 1842]]
[[File:David, Andrea del Verrocchio, ca. 1466-69, Bargello Florenz-01.jpg|thumb|150px|''Sculpture of David'' by Andrea del Verrocchio, 1476]]
God chose David in advance to replace Saul, who had disobeyed Him. Although David was still a young boy, God secretly sent the prophet Samuel to anoint him; since He looks at the heart of a man, not his appearance. Afterwards, David, whom the Spirit of God came upon, was selected by Saul, who was possessed by evil spirits, to serve him, playing the harp ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+16&version=NIV 1 Samuel 16]).

When Israel was at war with the Philistines, Goliath, the Philistine giant, insulted Israel and God in a loud voice. When the Israelites were afraid and no one was stepping up, David, who happened to come to the battlefield to run an errand from Jesse, saw this and became furious, and he confronted Goliath. David slung a stone and struck Goliath with it on his forehead and defeated him. The Israelite army defeated the distraught Philistine army. With this victory, David emerged as a hero who saved Israel ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+17&version=NIV 1 Samuel 17]).

===Escaping Saul===
David was given a high rank in Saul’s army, and became close friends with Jonathan son of Saul, and married Saul’s daughter Michal. When David gained great popularity by making a great achievement in every battle, Saul became jealous and plotted to kill David several times. Eventually, David fled from Saul ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+18-20&version=NIV 1 Samuel 18–20]).

David fled to Nob, the city of priests, where he obtained the consecrated bread and Goliath’s sword from Ahimelech the priest. Saul killed eighty-five priests, all men and women, and all the livestock in Nob for having provided David with food and a weapon. This way, Saul expressed his firm determination not to let anyone either help or hide David.

When David went to Achish king of Gath of the Philistines, the Philistines recognized him. David pretended to be insane and escaped from the danger. When he fled to Moab, east of Israel, the prophet Gad delivered God’s will to him to return to Judah. David obeyed his words and returned to Judah, but his life of fleeing continued ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+21-23&version=NIV 1 Samuel 21–23]).

David escaped to Ramah, Nob, the cave of Adullam, the forest of Hereth, the Desert of Ziph, and the Desert of En Gedi. There were many refugees like David there. All those who were in distress or in debt or discontented gathered around David, and he became their leader.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+22%3A2&version=NIV|title=1 Samuel 22:2|quote= }}</ref> He established ties with tribes, protecting the local people from thieves, pursuing plunderers and recovering the stolen goods.<ref name="David">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/David David], ''Britannica''</ref> Although he had two chances to be able to kill King Saul, he did not kill him for the fact that the king was the “one who was anointed by the LORD.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+24%3A11-12&version=NIV|title=1 Samuel 24:11–12|quote= }}</ref><ref name="사무엘상 26:7–12">[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+26%3A7-12&version=NIV 1 Samuel 26:7–12]</ref>

===Reign===
Saul and Jonathan died in the battle against the Philistines. David mourned and fasted, and took up a lament concerning them, and ordered that the men of Judah be taught this lament ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+1&version=NIV 2 Samuel 1]).

David later became king of the tribe of Judah at Hebron at the age of thirty. In the north, Abner, who was Saul’s servant, appointed Ish-Bosheth, son of Saul, as king and established a government with eleven tribes in Mahanaim, but Ish-Bosheth was killed by some guards two years after he became king ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+2-4&version=NIV 2 Samuel 2–4]). Representatives of the eleven tribes of the north visited David in Hebron, and anointed him. Finally, David was officially recognized as king of all the twelve tribes of Israel,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+5%3A1-3&version=NIV|title=2 Samuel 5:1–3|quote=}}</ref> and reigned for forty years.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+5%3A4-5&version=NIV |title=2 Samuel 5:4–5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> As David became king of Israel, he pushed ahead with a plan to move the capital to Jerusalem. He captured Zion, a natural fortress that belonged to the Jebusites, and made it the new capital<ref name="시온성">[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+5%3A6-9&version=NIV 2 Samuel 5:6–9] </ref> and moved the [[Ark of the Covenant|ark of the covenant]], the greatest symbol of Israel’s religion, there.<ref name="언약궤">[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+6%3A12-15&version=NIV 2 Samuel 6:12–15]</ref>

===Family===
During the war of conquest, David fell in love with Bathsheba, the wife of General Uriah, and ordered Joab the commander to have Uriah, Bathsheba’s husband, get killed on the battlefield. Bathsheba married David and gave birth to a son, but the prophet Nathan rebuked David for his evil deed and said that his son would be short lived. David was deeply regretful for his sin. This son died, and Bathsheba gave birth to another son. This is Solomon ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+11-12&version=NIV 2 Samuel 11–12]).

David had many wives to unite the groups that made up his kingdom, and got many children from them, but his children did not get along with each other. His third son, Absalom, killed his half brother Amnon who dishonored Tamar, Absalom’s own sister. After being exiled because of this, Absalom reconciled to his father, David, but rebelled as he gained popularity from the people and his servants. David fled from Absalom, but Absalom’s army was eventually defeated and Absalom was killed by David’s general Joab. David cried sorrowfully, saying, “O my son Absalom!” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+13-18&version=NIV 2 Samuel 13–18]).

===Successor===
[[File:Cornelis de Vos - King David presenting the sceptre to Solomon.jpg|thumb|''King David Presenting the Sceptre to Solomon'' by Cornelis de Vos, 1640]]
When David became old, quarrels arose over who would be his successor. Solomon was supposed to succeed David’s throne and build the house of God,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+22%3A9-10&version=NIV|title=1 Chronicles 22:9–10|quote=}}</ref> but Adonijah, one of the eldest surviving sons of David, even held a banquet for succession to the throne, thinking that he would become king. When David heard this, he immediately anointed Solomon through the priest Zadok and made him king ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+1&version=NIV 1 Kings 1]). Before David died, he said to Solomon, “Observe what the LORD your God requires: Walk in his ways, and keep his decrees and commands, his laws and requirements, as written in the Law of Moses, so that you may prosper in all you do and wherever you go,” and taught him how to live a blessed life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+2%3A1-3&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 2:1–3|quote=}}</ref>

==David’s Achievements==
===Conquest of Zion (Jerusalem)===
The twelve tribes of Israel were loosely connected through tribal alliances for over 200 years since they settled in Canaan after the Exodus. It was also a big problem that there was no political and administrative center. The only thing the tribes of Israel had in common was their faith in the LORD. In order to build solidarity among them and unite the people at the national level, they needed a capital city that could become the center of the national faith. David chose Jerusalem, Zion, which was the center of the Jebusites that the Israelites had not yet occupied. This place, located on the ridge, was an impregnable fortress that no one had been able to conquer despite the long war.<ref>{{인용 |title=The Kingdom of David, The Biblical World: An Illustrated Atlas National Geographic |date=November 6, 2007 |page=179–182 }}</ref> As soon as David became king, he marched toward the fortress of Zion. It is not clear which path he used, but he climbed up the rocky wall used to draw water, and captured it easily. The city of Zion was also called the “city of David.”<ref name="시온성" /> Jerusalem where the city of Zion used to be located became the capital of the unified kingdom of Israel, and David moved the ark of the covenant from the house of Obed-Edom to the new capital.<ref name="언약궤" />

===Territorial Expansion===
[[File:Davids-kingdom.jpg|thumb|The area conquered by David]]
Upon hearing that David had become king, the Philistines attacked Israel twice in a row. David’s army greatly defeated the Philistines and drove them to the shore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+5%3A17-25&version=NIV|title=2 Samuel 5:17–25|quote=}}</ref> David started a war to conquest the Philistines; he won over them and annexed their territory to Israel. He established the kingdom by conquering neighboring kingdoms, which might threaten Israel’s safety in the future, such as Aram–Damascus in the north (present-day Syria), Ammon and Moab in the east (present-day Jordan), and Edom in the south (present-day Negev). ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+18-20&version=NIV 1 Chronicles 18–20]). In the Bible, it is written, “God gave David victory wherever he went.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+8%3A6&version=NIV|title=2 Samuel 8:6|quote=}}</ref>

===Preparing to Build the Temple===
[[File:Hole King David Threshing.jpg|thumb|200px|''David Purchasing the Threshing Floor of Araunah the Jebusite'' by William Hole]]
David wanted to build the temple of God, feeling guilty that the ark of the covenant of God was under a tent while he was living in a palace of cedar. God was pleased with David’s heart and let him build the temple through his son Solomon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+22%3A6-10&version=NIV|title=1 Chronicles 22:6–10|quote=}}</ref> At the end of his reign, David bought the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite (or Araunah) ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+24&version=NIV 2 Samuel 24]). It was the site of Mount Moriah where Abraham, in obedience to God’s word, took Isaac to offer him as a burnt offering. There, Abraham, by God’s grace, slaughtered a ram instead of Isaac and sacrificed it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+22%3A2-13&version=NIV|title=Genesis 22:2-13|quote= }}</ref> David prepared Ornan’s threshing floor as the land for the temple, and handed the plans, funds, and building materials over to his son Solomon ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+22%2C28%2C+29&version=NIV 1 Chronicles 22; 28–29]). Later, Solomon built the temple and moved the ark of the covenant to the temple from the city of David, that is, the city of Zion.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+8%3A1&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 1 Kings 8:1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+8%3A6&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 6]</ref>

===Organizing the Temple Service===
The ministry of the temple was entrusted to the tribe of Levi. David divided the Levites to systematically serve in the temple such as the priests, the choir (a large choir and ensemble of 4,000 members with 288 professional leaders), the gatekeepers of the temple, and the managers of the sacred offerings, and he also arranged the duties necessary for the temple such as trials and administration. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+23-27&version=NIV 1 Chronicles 23–27]).

===Writing Most of the Book of Psalms===
[[File:Codex binding Louvre MR373.jpg|thumb|200px|The scribes dictate David’s poems. (Ivory sculpture from the 11th century)]]
David had an outstanding talent in music and poetry. He wrote and composed songs himself as well as many poems. Some of his songs and poems are found in the book of [[Psalms]] of the Old Testament; 73 of the 150 psalms in the book of Psalms are related to David (Ps 3–9; 11–32; 34–41; 51–65; 68–70; 86; 101; 103; 108–110; 122; 124; 131; 133; 138–145).

==Lessons==
===Faith to Depend on God===
[[File:Domenico Fetti - David with the Head of Goliath - WGA07844.jpg|thumb|200px|''David with the Head of Goliath'' by Domenico Fetti, c. 1620]]
David absolutely depended on God from his childhood. When David, who was still a boy, fought Goliath the Philistine general, he went forward boldly and defeated him, relying on God, not on the sword, spear, shield, or armor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+17%3A45-54&version=NIV|title=1 Samuel 17:45–54|quote=}}</ref> Since David’s faith was unchanging, God was always with him and helped him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+17%3A8&version=NIV|title=1 Chronicles 17:8|quote=}}</ref>
{{quote5 |내용= Now I know that the LORD saves his anointed; he answers him from his holy heaven with the saving power of his right hand. Some trust in chariots and some in horses, but we trust in the name of the LORD our God. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+20%3A6-7&version=NIV Psalm 20:6–7] }}

===Giving Thanks in All Circumstances===
[[File:Jan van den Hoecke - David playing the harp for King Saul.jpg|thumb|''David Playing the Harp for King Saul'' by Jan van den Hoecke]]
There were many trials in the life of David, the great king. Nevertheless, he did not grumble against God at any moment, but rather thanked and praised Him. It was because he believed that God would give him a blessing even though it might be difficult right at the moment.
{{quote5 |내용= [Of David. When he pretended to be insane before Abimelech, who drove him away, and he left.] I will extol the LORD at all times; his praise will always be on my lips. My soul will boast in the LORD; let the afflicted hear and rejoice. Glorify the LORD with me; let us exalt his name together. I sought the LORD, and he answered me; he delivered me from all my fears. . . . The lions may grow weak and hungry, but those who seek the LORD lack no good thing. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+34%3A1-10&version=NIV Psalm 34:1–10] }}

===Heart for God===
[[File:Überführung der Bundeslade durch den singenden und tanzenden König David.jpg|thumb|''King David Dances Before the Ark of the Covenant'' by Pieter van Lint, c. 1650]]
David is recorded in the Bible as a person who loved God more than anyone else. When the ark of the covenant entered the city of Zion, he danced before God in joy of being able to serve Him without thinking how he would look to people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+6%3A12-21&version=NIV|title=2 Samuel 6:12–21|quote=}}</ref> He also made a plan to build the temple; because he didn’t feel right living in a fine palace made of cedar while God’s ark of the covenant was under a [[Sanctuary (Tabernacle)|tent]]. Seeing his respect for God, God loved him and highly regarded him.
{{quote5 |내용=After the king was settled in his palace and the LORD had given him rest from all his enemies around him, he said to Nathan the prophet, “Here I am, living in a palace of cedar, while the ark of God remains in a tent.” . . . “ ‘This is what the LORD Almighty says: I took you from the pasture and from following the flock to be ruler over my people Israel. I have been with you wherever you have gone, and I have cut off all your enemies from before you. Now I will make your name great, like the names of the greatest men of the earth.’ ” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+7%3A1-9&version=NIV 2 Samuel 7:1–9] }}

===Loving God’s commandments More Than Pure Gold===
In David’s life, God’s decrees, regulations, and laws were the objects of joy. David followed God’s decrees, regarding them as more precious than pure gold.
{{quote5 |내용= The law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the soul. The statutes of the LORD are trustworthy, making wise the simple. The precepts of the LORD are right, giving joy to the heart. The commands of the LORD are radiant, giving light to the eyes. The fear of the LORD is pure, enduring forever. The ordinances of the LORD are sure and altogether righteous. They are more precious than gold, than much pure gold; they are sweeter than honey, than honey from the comb. By them is your servant warned; in keeping them there is great reward.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+19%3A7-11&version=NIV Psalm 19:7–11] }}

David did not kill Saul on the grounds that Saul was “anointed by the LORD” even though Saul was trying to seize him and he had to always flee from Saul. It was because he valued God’s will more highly than his own safety and position.<ref name="사무엘상 26:7–12" />

==David and Christ==
[[File:'David' by Michelangelo JBU06.JPG|thumb|200px|''Statue of David'' by Michelangelo, 1501–1504]]
In the Old Testament times, the prophets described the Messiah as a descendant of David, and prophesied God’s coming as the Messiah into the world by comparing Him to King David. It is Jesus who fulfilled this prophecy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+1%3A31&version=NIV|title=Luke 1:31|quote= }}</ref>

===Prophecies of Isaiah===
* For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of the increase of his government and peace there will be no end. He will reign on David’s throne and over his kingdom, establishing and upholding it with justice and righteousness from that time on and forever. The zeal of the Lord Almighty will accomplish this. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+9%3A6-7&version=NIV Isaiah 9:6–7])
*A shoot will come up from the stump of Jesse; from his roots a Branch will bear fruit. The Spirit of the LORD will rest on him—the Spirit of wisdom and of understanding, the Spirit of counsel and of power, the Spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD . . . In that day the Root of Jesse will stand as a banner for the peoples; the nations will rally to him, and his place of rest will be glorious. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+11%3A1-10&version=NIV Isaiah 11:1–10])
*In love a throne will be established; in faithfulness a man will sit on it—one from the house of David—one who in judging seeks justice and speeds the cause of righteousness. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+16%3A5&version=NIV Isaiah 16:5])
*“Give ear and come to me; hear me, that your soul may live. I will make an everlasting covenant with you, my faithful love promised to David.” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+55%3A3&version=NIV Isaiah 55:3])

===Prophecies of Jeremiah===
* “When I will raise up to David a righteous Branch, a King who will reign wisely and do what is just and right in the land. In his days Judah will be saved and Israel will live in safety. This is the name by which he will be called: The LORD Our Righteousness.” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+23%3A5-6&version=NIV Jeremiah 23:5–6])
*Instead, they will serve the LORD their God and David their king, whom I will raise up for them. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+30%3A9&version=NIV Jeremiah 30:9])
*“ ‘In those days and at that time I will make a righteous Branch sprout from David’s line; he will do what is just and right in the land. In those days Judah will be saved and Jerusalem will live in safety. This is the name by which it will be called: The LORD Our Righteousness.’ ” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+33%3A15-17&version=NIV Jeremiah 33:15–17])

===Prophecies of Ezekiel===
* “ ‘I will place over them one shepherd, my servant David, and he will tend them; he will tend them and be their shepherd. I the LORD will be their God, and my servant David will be prince among them. I the LORD have spoken.’ ” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel+34%3A23-24&version=NIV Ezekiel 34:23–24])
*“ ‘My servant David will be king over them, and they will all have one shepherd. They will follow my laws and be careful to keep my decrees. They will live in the land I gave to my servant Jacob, the land where your fathers lived. They and their children and their children's children will live there forever, and David my servant will be their prince forever.’ ” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel+37%3A24-25&version=NIV Ezekiel 37:24–25])

===Prophecy of Hosea===
* Afterward the Israelites will return and seek the LORD their God and David their king. They will come trembling to the LORD and to his blessings in the last days. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+3%3A5&version=NIV Hosea 3:5])

==See also==
* [[Prophecy of King David’s Throne]]
* [[The Root of David]]
* [[Messiah]]
* [[Zion]]

==External links==
* [https://watv.org/ Church of God Official Website]
* [https://ahnsahnghong.com/en/christ/second-coming-jesus/ Christ Ahnsahnghong Official Website]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Figures]]
[[Category:God the Father]]

Bible

2026-04-23T05:14:47Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:성경]][[vi:Kinh Thánh]][[es:La Biblia]][[ne:बाइबल]][[pt:A Bíblia]]{{그림 | Old Bible.jpg |너비= 320px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀= The Bible, a book in which God’s will and word are recorded}}
The '''Bible''', or the Scriptures, is a book written by people who received God’s will and thoughts and wrote them down, being carried along by [[the Holy Spirit]];<ref name="벧후1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+1%3A20-21&version=NIV |title=2 Peter 1:20–21 |quote= }}</ref> and it is used as holy scriptures in Christianity and Judaism. It was written over a period of about 1,600 years from around 1500 BC to around AD 96. It is classified into the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]] (39 books) written before Jesus’ birth and the [[The New Testament|New Testament]] (27 books) written after Jesus’ birth. The Bible was written by dozens of people who lived in different ages and environments, but all the words of the Bible are consistent and unified. This proves that the author of the Bible is God.

The Bible is a book that testifies about [[Christ]] who will save mankind, and it is a guide leading mankind to the kingdom of heaven by illuminating the past and present of mankind and prophesying about the future.

==Author of the Bible==
The 66 books of the Bible were recorded by dozens of people who lived in different times and different environments for over 1,600 years from 1500 BC to AD 96. Each writer of the Bible had a different occupation and living environment. There were kings like [[David]], shepherds like Amos, and fishermen like [[Peter]].

Despite that, all the words of the Bible from Genesis to Revelation are consistent and unified. This shows that although the Bible was written by many people, the author of the Bible is God.

{{quote5 |내용= For prophecy never had its origin in the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+1%3A21&version=NIV 2 Peter 1:21]}}

The writers of the Bible said that they spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit. This means that even though the Bible was written by people, it contains God’s will and words. Let’s suppose that a lawyer was asked by a client to write down his will. In this case, it is the lawyer who wrote down the will, but the client is the true author of the will. This is because the will contains the client’s thoughts and words, not the lawyer’s. Likewise, the true author of the Bible is [[God]].

==Purpose of the Bible==
God’s ultimate purpose of giving the Bible is for mankind to follow the way of salvation suggested by the Bible and be guided to heaven. In other words, the Bible is a guide leads people to the heavenly kingdom.
{{참고|Bible Subjects|Bible Role|설명=}}
===Testifying to the Existence of God===
Humans cannot see the world of tiny microbes or elementary particles with their naked eyes, nor can they see the outer space which is far away. However, if you use a microscope, you can confirm the existence of microorganisms, and you can see the stars in space through a telescope.

Then, how can we confirm the existence of God? We can confirm it through the Bible. The Bible serves as a spiritual telescope and a spiritual microscope that reveal the existence of the invisible God. No one can know what will happen to them tomorrow,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs+27%3A1&version=NIV |title=Proverbs 27:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+12%3A20&version=NIV |title=Luke 12:20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> but the Bible accurately prophesied about God’s coming in the flesh<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+53%3A1-5&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 53:1–5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27%3A26-30&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV Matthew 27:26-30], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27%3A35&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 35]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19%3A34&version=NIV |title=John 19:34 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and even the situation after His death.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+53%3A9&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 53:9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27%3A38&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV Matthew 27:38], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27%3A57-60&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 57–60]</ref> The rise and fall of many countries around the world<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+8%3A1%2C+20-22&version=NIV |title=Daniel 8:1, 20–22 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> were prophesied hundreds or even thousands of years before they took place, and they were all fulfilled precisely. This testifies to the existence of God who prophesies the future and fulfills it.

{{quote5 |내용= You may say to yourselves, “How can we know when a message has not been spoken by the LORD?” If what a prophet proclaims in the name of the LORD does not take place or come true, that is a message the LORD has not spoken. That prophet has spoken presumptuously. Do not be afraid of him. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+18%3A21-22&version=NIV Deuteronomy 18:21–22]}}

===Testifying about the Savior===
Not only religious people but also common people read the Bible for various purposes. Some consider it a historical book that contains the history of Israel and the life of Christ, and some think it as an ethics book that contains the wisdom and moral teachings of life. However, Jesus taught us that the Bible is a book that testifies about the Savior who saves mankind from sin and death.

{{quote5 |내용= “You diligently study the Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me.” |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+5%3A39&version=NIV John 5:39]}}

Since heaven is a place where there is no death,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+21%3A4&version=NIV |title=Revelation 21:4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> human beings must have eternal life to enter that world. The Bible is the way to recognize the Savior who will give us eternal life. The fact that all the prophecies in the Bible about Christ were fulfilled through Jesus shows that Jesus is the Christ, who is the source of the living water.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+4%3A14&version=NIV |title=John 4:14 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Likewise, the Bible testifies about the [[The Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] and the [[The Wife (Bride) of the Lamb|Bride]] ([[God the Father]] and [[God the Mother]]), who will appear as the source of the [[The Water of Life|water of life]] in the last days, through various prophecies.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+22%3A17&version=NIV |title=Revelation 22:17 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

===Providing Wisdom and Teaching===
The Bible also contains many teachings on the good conduct and character that the saints must have. The Bible contains the teachings of God of love, where God wants to change Christians into beautiful images to resemble God, so that they may reign forever in heaven.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+22%3A5&version=NIV |title=Revelation 22:5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

{{quote5 |내용= [T]he holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Timothy+3%3A15-17&version=NIV 2 Timothy 3:15–17]}}
==Original Languages and Names of the Bible==
===Original Languages of the Bible===
Most of the Old Testament was written in Hebrew, and only a small portion of it such as Ezra, Jeremiah, and Daniel was written in Aramaic. It is because the Jews gradually started to speak more Aramaic, a language spoken in Babylon and Persia after the captivity in Babylon (Neo-Babylon).

The New Testament was written in Greek, which was the common language of the Roman Empire at that time. The apostles wrote the Bible in Greek, hoping that the Gentiles would also be saved. However, it is known that the books of Matthew and Hebrews were written in Hebrew at first for the Jews.<ref>[https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=dClHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PT127#v=onepage&q&f=false The Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius Pamphilus, Bishop of Cesarea, in Palestine], 1860, pg. 127</ref><ref>The Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius Pamphilus, Bishop of Cesarea, in Palestine; In Ten Books, TheClassics.us, September 12, 2013, pg. 124</ref>
{{참고|Bible Original Language|설명=}}

===Name for the Bible===
The word ''Scriptures'' in the New Testament refers to the Old Testament which the Jews studied. The Greek word for Scriptures is ''graphé'' which means a ''writing''. Jesus and the apostles described the Old Testament as “[[Moses]] and all the Prophets,”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+24%3A27&version=NIV |title=Luke 24:27 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> “the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms,”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+24%3A44&version=NIV |title=Luke 24:44 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and “the Law of Moses and from the Prophets.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+28%3A23&version=NIV |title=Acts 28:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The English word ''Bible'' is derived from the Greek word ''biblos'' meaning a book. The word ''biblion,'' which means a ''book,'' was derived from ''biblos'', and the Latin word ''biblia'' was made from ''biblia'' (books) which is the plural form of ''biblion'' (book). The Latin word ''biblia'' is the etymology of the English word ''Bible''.

''Biblos'' and ''biblion'' are also used in the New Testament. In the NIV Bible, it was translated as “book” or “scroll.”

==Composition of the Bible==
The Bible consists of a total of 66 books. It is divided into two parts—the Old Testament recorded before Jesus, and the New Testament recorded after Jesus. The Old Testament refers to 39 books from Genesis to Malachi, written between BC 1500 and BC 400. There are 27 books in the New Testament from Matthew to Revelation.

The Bible we use today was not arranged in chronological order but according to its characteristics. Moreover, when the Bible was written, there were no chapters and verses. It is known that Bible was divided into chapters around the 13th century AD.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.blueletterbible.org/Comm/stewart_don/faq/bible-special/question8-why-is-the-bible-divided-into-chapters-and-verses.cfm|title= WHY IS THE BIBLE DIVIDED INTO CHAPTERS AND VERSES?|website= Blue Letter Bible|publisher= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> The division of verses first appeared in the middle of the 16th century, when Stephanus, a French printer, published the New Testament in Greek. The Geneva Bible, published in English in 1560, became the standard of chapter and verse divisions we use today.<ref>The 1560 Geneva Bible (The 1560 Geneva Bible Giant Print Edition, First Printing, Facsimile) Unknown Binding</ref>

===39 Books of the Old Testament===
'''Books of the Law (Pentateuch): 5 books''' [[Genesis]], [[The Exodus|Exodus]], [[Leviticus]], [[Numbers]], [[Deuteronomy]] '''Historical Books: 12 books''' [[Joshua]], [[Judges]], [[Ruth]], [[1 Samuel]], [[2 Samuel]], [[1 Kings]], [[2 Kings]], [[1 Chronicles]], [[2 Chronicles]], [[Ezra]], [[Nehemiah]], [[Esther]] '''Poetic Books: 5 books''' [[Job]], [[Psalms]], [[Proverbs]], [[Ecclesiastes]], [[Song of Songs]] '''Prophetic Books: 17 books''' [[Isaiah]], [[Jeremiah (Prophet)|Jeremiah]], [[Lamentations]], [[Ezekiel]], [[Daniel]], [[Hosea]], [[Joel]], [[Amos]], [[Obadiah]], [[Jonah]], [[Micah]], [[Nahum]], [[Habakkuk]], [[Zephaniah]], [[Haggai]], [[Zechariah]], [[Malachi]]

===27 Books of the New Testament===
'''The Gospels (The work of Jesus) : 4 books''' [[Matthew]], [[Mark]], [[Luke]], [[John]] '''Historical Book: 1 book''' [[Acts]] '''Epistles of Paul (Named after the recipients) :14 books''' [[Romans]], [[1 Corinthians]], [[2 Corinthians]], [[Galatians]], [[Ephesians]], [[Philippians]], [[Colossians]], [[1 Thessalonians]], [[2 Thessalonians]], [[1 Timothy]], [[2 Timothy]], [[Titus]], [[Philemon]], [[Hebrews]] '''General Epistles (Named after the senders) :7 books''' [[James]], [[1 Peter]], [[2 Peter]], [[1 John]], [[2 John]], [[3 John]], [[Jude]] '''Prophetic Book: 1 book''' [[Revelation]]

==Authority & Preservation of the Bible==
===Authority of the Bible===
The Bible has the absolute authority as the word of God. God’s word recorded in the Bible decides salvation and judgment of mankind. Since God wants to deliver the Bible, which is directly related to salvation, to mankind as it is, He tells us not to add or subtract anything from the Bible.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+4%3A2&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 4:2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

{{quote5 |내용= I warn everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone adds anything to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. And if anyone takes words away from this book of prophecy, God will take away from him his share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+22%3A18-19&version=NIV Revelation 22:18–19]}}

Through this warning, we can infer that God Himself preserved the Bible. God did so because He wants no one to be destroyed but everyone to be saved,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+3%3A9&version=NIV |title=2 Peter 3:9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> but if the Bible is damaged or altered, human beings cannot be saved. Therefore, the authority of the Bible is guaranteed by the living God Himself.

===Recording and Preservation of the Bible===
{{그림|P050-Act-8 26-32-IV-V.jpg|정렬=오른쪽섬네일|너비=160px|타이틀=Copy of the Bible made on papyrus}}
In the age when publishing technology was not developed, people made books by writing down letters one by one. As time passed and the original text was worn out, people wrote the copy of the original text on clay, leather, or tree barks, and this is called manuscript. As the material, parchment or [https://www.britannica.com/topic/papyrus-writing-material papyrus] which could be easily obtained around the Nile River in Egypt were commonly used.

*'''Old Testament''' 
Even though the original texts of the Old Testament no longer exist, they have been handed down through manuscripts. In Israel, there were scribes, who copied the Bible and verified its copies. The manuscripts were made very elaborately. When [[Scribes in the Bible|the scribes]] made copies of the Bible, they made great efforts to keep the originals, even counting the letters one by one so that the Bible would not be altered.
{{quote |'''Book I. AGAINST APION.''' [A]nd how firmly we have given credit to these books of our own nation, is evident by what we do; for during so many ages as have already passed, no one hath been so bold as either to add anything to them, to take anything from them, or to make any change in them;
but it is become natural to all Jews, immediately and from their very birth, to esteem those books to contain divine doctrines, and to persist in them, and, if occasion be, willingly to die for them. For it is no new thing for our captives, many of them in number, and frequently in time, to be seen to endure racks and deaths of all kinds upon the theatres, that they may not be obliged to say one word, against our laws and the records that contain them:|Flavius Josephus, ''Complete works of Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews, the wars of the Jews against Apion etc.'', 1924, p. 419}}
Although the Bible has been handed down as a manuscript for a long time, it is clear from the Dead Sea Scrolls that its content has not been changed. The scrolls written in 100 B.C. were discovered in [https://www.britannica.com/place/Qumran Qumran] Cave near the Dead Sea in 1947. They are called the Dead Sea Scrolls or Qumran Caves Scrolls. The oldest manuscript at that time was the Masoretic manuscript, dated about 900 AD. When scholars compared the two manuscripts, they were amazingly identical even though there was a time difference of about 1,000 years between the two manuscripts.<ref>Halley’s Bible Handbook, pg. 878–882, ''Zondervan'', 2000</ref>

*'''New Testament'''
In the first century AD, the disciples felt the need to preserve and record the life and teachings of Jesus. These are the Gospels that we have today. In addition, Apostle Paul and other church leaders wrote and sent letters to teach members of local churches to build up their faith because they could not visit each of the churches individually. The epistles were shared in many churches,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+3%3A15-16&version=NIV |title=2 Peter 3:15–16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+4%3A16&version=NIV |title=Colossians 4:16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Thessalonians+5%3A27&version=NIV |title=1 Thessalonians 5:27 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+2%3A15&version=NIV |title=2 Thessalonians 2:15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and after that, the epistles that had been widely read in churches for a long time in order to follow the teachings of Jesus and the apostles, became acknowledged as the Bible.

==Interpretation of the Bible==
{{참고|Interpretación de la Biblia|La raíz de David|설명=}}
God inspired the prophets with the Holy Spirit to write the Bible.<ref name="벧후1" /> Therefore, when reading and interpreting the Bible, only those who are inspired by the same Spirit can realize the true will of God recorded in the Bible.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+2%3A10&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 2:10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The way to be moved by the Holy Spirit is to keep the truth of the new covenant. When a person is purified through the blood of Christ in the truth of the new covenant,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A7-20&version=NIV |title=Luke 22:7–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> the Holy Spirit of God dwells in them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A53-56&version=NIV |title=John 6:53–56 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> When the Holy Spirit of God is present, they receive the wisdom and understanding of the Holy Spirit and come to know the deep mysteries of God contained in the Bible.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+1%3A7-9&version=NIV |title=Ephesians 1:7–9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> However, after the Apostolic Age, the truth of the new covenant disappeared, and there was no longer anyone who had true faith or received the wisdom and understanding of the Holy Spirit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+18%3A8&version=NIV |title=Luke 18:8 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> It means that the Bible recorded for the salvation of mankind was completely sealed. In this situation, the Bible prophesied that only [[The Root of David|the Root of David]], [[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)|Second Coming Jesus]], would teach mankind the meaning of the words of the Bible.

{{quote5 |내용= Then I saw in the right hand of him [God] who sat on the throne a scroll with writing on both sides and sealed with seven seals. And I saw a mighty angel proclaiming in a loud voice, “Who is worthy to break the seals and open the scroll?” But no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth could open the scroll or even look inside it. I wept and wept because no one was found who was worthy to open the scroll or look inside. Then one of the elders said to me, “Do not weep! See, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, '''the Root of David''', has triumphed. He is able to open the scroll and its seven seals.”|출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+5%3A1-5&version=NIV Revelation 5:1–5]}}

Second Coming Jesus is the only one who is able to correctly interpret the Bible and lead mankind to salvation. Today, many people interpret the Bible without even accepting the Root of David or obeying the truth of the [[New Covenant|new covenant]]. However, if anyone who is not the Root of David interprets the Bible arbitrarily, it is an act that leads themselves to destruction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+3%3A16&version=NIV |title=2 Peter 3:16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Even those who keep the truth of the new covenant and have been purified by the blood of Christ must not interpret the Bible carelessly. We should pay attention to the way of eternal life taught by the Savior and the Bible and follow His word.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+5%3A39&version=NIV |title=John 5:39 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Timothy+3%3A15-17&version=NIV | title=2 Timothy 3:15–17 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[The Role of the Bible]]
*[[The Original Languages of the Bible]]
*[[The Writers of the Bible]]
*[[Composition of the Bible]]
*[[Interpretation of the Bible]]
*[[The Theme of the Bible]]
*[[Authority and Preservation of the Bible]]
*[[Bible of Old Testament]]
*[[Bible of New Testament]]
*[[The Root of David]]

==References==
<references />

{{성경 둘러보기}}

[[Category:Bible]]
[[Category:New Testament]]
[[Category:Old Testament]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]

City of Refuge

2026-04-23T05:14:27Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:도피성 제도]][[vi:Chế độ thành ẩn náu]][[es:La ciudad de refugio]][[ne:शरण-नगर]][[pt:A Cidade de Refúgio]][[file:Foster Story OTB 173 FleeingToTheCityOfRefuge.jpg |thumb| 230px |A person who has killed someone accidentally fleeing from the avenger of blood. ]]The '''law of the city of refuge''' was a system of the Old Testament times to allow those who killed someone accidentally to flee from the avengers and save their lives. The sinners imprisoned in the city of refuge were able to return to their home when the anointed high priest died. This is a shadow teaching us about our souls.<ref name="히 10">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+10%3A1&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 10:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Through the law of the city of refuge, we can get the answers to the questions, “Where did the human [[soul]] come? Where will it go?” and understand the important principles for the salvation of our souls.

==The City of Refuge of the Old Testament==
===Purpose===
The city of refuge was established for those who killed people accidentally to escape from the avengers of blood. According to the Old Testament law, murderers had to pay for their sins with their own lives, and the family members or relatives of murder victims could kill the murderers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+24%3A20-21&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 24:20–21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> In the case of a person accused of murder, he was kept safe in the city of refuge and stood trial before the assembly to be decided whether he was intentional or unintentional.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+20%3A6-9&version=NIV |title=Joshua 20:6–9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
{{quote5 |내용=Then the LORD said to Moses: . . . “ ‘. . . select some towns to be your '''cities of refuge''', to which '''a person who has killed someone accidentally''' may flee. They will be places of refuge from the avenger, so that a person accused of murder may not die before he stands trial before the assembly.’ ” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers%2035:9-12&version=NIV Numbers 35:9–12]}}

===Locations===
[[file:MapCitiesOfRefuge.svg |thumb | 250px |Locations of Cities of Refuge]]
The cities of refuge were located in six cities in [[Israel]]—three cities on the east side of the Jordan River (Bezer, Ramoth in Gilead, Golan in Bashan) and three cities on the west side of the river (Kedesh in [[Galilee]], Shechem, [[Hebron]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+35%3A6-15&version=NIV |title=Numbers 35:6–15 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+20%3A7-9&version=NIV |title=Joshua 20:7–9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Each city of refuge was within a distance of about 30 km (18.6 miles), which could be reached from anywhere in Israel within a day. It was to prevent fugitives from being killed while fleeing to the city of refuge.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+19%3A3-6&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 19:3–6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

===Features===
Those who committed murder could flee to the city of refuge to protect their lives, but not all of them were protected. One who was found to have intentionally killed someone was put to death even if he or she entered the city of refuge.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+35%3A16-21&version=NIV |title=Numbers 35:16–21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> On the contrary, one who was found through trial to have killed someone accidently was able to return to the city of refuge where he or she had fled to and stay there for a set period of time. Their stay lasted until the death of the high priest, who was [[anointed]] with the holy oil. If the high priest died soon, it meant that they were released soon and return to their home. If he died late, it meant that they were able to return to their home that much later.
{{quote5 |내용=“ ‘But if without hostility someone suddenly shoves another or throws something at him unintentionally or, without seeing him, drops a stone on him that could kill him, and he dies, then since he was not his enemy and he did not intend to harm him, the assembly must judge between him and the avenger of blood according to these regulations. The assembly must protect the one accused of murder from the avenger of blood and send him back to the city of refuge to which he fled. He must stay there '''until the death of the high priest''', who was anointed with the holy oil. But if the accused ever goes outside the limits of the city of refuge to which he has fled and the avenger of blood finds him outside the city, the avenger of blood may kill the accused without being guilty of murder. The accused must stay in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest; only after the death of the high priest may he return to his own property.’ ” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+35%3A22%E2%80%9328&version=NIV Numbers 35:22–28]}}
The only way for those confined in the city of refuge to return to their home was through the death of the high priest. Until the death of the high priest, the murderers could not go back to their own land even if they paid a [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ransom ransom].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+35%3A32&version=NIV |title=Numbers 35:32 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==The Reality of the Law of City of Refuge==
The Old Testament [[The Law of Moses|law]] is a shadow of the good things that are coming in the New Testament.<ref name="히 10"></ref> The law of the city of refuge from the Old Testament is also a shadow and a prophecy of the matter of the human soul.
===Originally, Human Beings Are Sinners===
Apostle Paul said that there is no one righteous on this earth.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+3%3A9-10&version=NIV |title=Romans 3:9–10 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> The sinners who committed sins deserving of death and fled to the city of refuge, represent mankind. To help us realize this fact, Jesus taught us as follows:
{{quote5 |내용=On hearing this, Jesus said, “It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. . . . For I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+9%3A12%E2%80%9313&version=NIV Matthew 9:12–13]}}
Jesus came from heaven to the earth to seek and save the lost.<ref name="눅 10">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+19%3A10&version=NIV |title=Luke 19:10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Since Jesus said that He came to seek the lost and that He came to call sinners, we can understand that all humans on this earth are sinners who were lost by sinning in heaven. In the books of [[Ezekiel]] and [[Isaiah]], there are examples that show our previous lives and our sins that caused us to be expelled from heaven.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel+28%3A11-14&version=NIV |title=Ezekiel 28:11–14 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+14%3A4%2C+12-15&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 14:4, 12–15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The history of [[Adam]] and [[Eve]] being expelled from Eden for violating God’s law not to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil is a copy showing that humans, who were angels in heaven, were expelled from heaven for having committed such sins.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+3&version=NIV |title=Genesis 3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+5%3A12&version=NIV |title=Romans 5:12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

===Jesus the High Priest===
The [[Bible]] prophesied that the Most Holy would be anointed.
{{quote5 |내용=“Seventy ‘sevens’ are decreed for your people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+9%3A24&version=NIV=1&b=verse&d=3 Daniel 9:24]}}
It is written when the Most Holy is anointed, the transgressions will be over and sin will be put to an end. This means that the Most Holy God will appear as the [[Messiah|Anointed One]] for the [[forgiveness of sins]] of mankind. It is [[Jesus Christ]] who came to this earth 2,000 years ago according to this prophecy.
{{quote5 |내용=Although '''he [Jesus]''' was a son, he learned obedience from what he suffered and, once made perfect, he became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey him and was designated by God to be '''high priest''' in the order of Melchizedek. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+5%3A8%E2%80%9310&version=NIV Hebrews 5:8–10]}}
Jesus came as the anointed high priest. The high priest, who was anointed holy in the city of refuge, is a prophecy about Jesus<ref name="눅 10"></ref> who came to the earth to save mankind, sinners.

===Earth, the City of Refuge===
The sinners of the city of refuge are set free through the death of the high priest and return to their home. The Bible also tells us about our home where we will return through the death of Jesus the High Priest.
{{quote5 |내용=If they had been thinking of the country they had left, they would have had opportunity to return. Instead, they were longing for '''a better country'''—'''a heavenly one.''' |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+11%3A14%E2%80%9316&version=NIV Hebrews 11:14–16]}}
The writer of the book of [[Hebrews]] wrote that the country where the forefathers of faith longed to return is the heavenly country. This suggests that the fundamental home country that human beings should long for is heaven, not this earth, and that the earth is the city of refuge for sinners.

==How to Return to Heavenly Country==
In the Old Testament times, sinners confined in the city of refuge were able to return to their home only after the anointed high priest died. Likewise, humans who live on the earth, the spiritual city of refuge, can return to their heavenly home by the death of Jesus the High Priest. This is why Apostles Peter and Paul wrote that we could receive the forgiveness of sins through the death of [[Christ]], that is, the blood of Christ’s sacrifice.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+1%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=1 Peter 1:18–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+1%3A7&version=NIV |title=Ephesians 1:7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> For the sinners of the city of refuge, receiving the forgiveness of sins means that they can go back to their home. In the Old Testament times, sinners in the city of refuge could not return to their home without the death (sacrifice) of the high priest. In the same way, there is no other way for us to go back to the heavenly country unless we receive the sacrificial blood of Christ the High Priest. Jesus taught us the way to receive His sacrifice. It is to keep the [[The New Covenant Passover|Passover of the new covenant]].
{{quote5 |내용=So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the '''Passover'''. . . . While they were eating, Jesus took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying, “Take and eat; this is my body.” Then he took the cup, gave thanks and offered it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you. This is '''my blood''' of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the '''forgiveness of sins.'''” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A17%E2%80%9328&version=NIV Matthew 26:17–28]}}
Jesus came to the earth as the high priest in the [[Order of Priest|order of Melchizedek]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+5%3A8-10&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 5:8–10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Just as Melchizedek gave blessings through bread and wine,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+14%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=Genesis 14:18–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Jesus promised the forgiveness of sins to mankind through the bread and wine of the new covenant. Therefore, we cannot participate in the blood of Christ simply by thinking that we believe in Jesus. By keeping the Passover of the new covenant, we can return to our heavenly country through the sacrifice of Christ the High Priest.

==See also==
* [[The Spiritual Home and Heavenly Mother]]
* [[The New Covenant Passover|New Covenant Passover]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]

Day of Resurrection

2026-04-23T05:14:04Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:부활절]][[vi:Lễ Phục Sinh]][[es:Día de Resurrección]][[ne:पुनरुत्थानको दिन]][[pt:O Dia da Ressurreição]]{{절기
|above = Day of Resurrection
|image = [[file:The resurrection day.jpg|thumb|center|''Jesus Resurrected and Mary Magdalene'' by Heinrich Hofmann]]
|Name = 復活節, Day of Resurrection, Resurrection Day
|Date = The day after the first Sabbath [The first Sunday] following the Feast of Unleavened Bread
|Meaning = Commemorating the resurrection of Jesus
|Ritual = Breaking the bread that opens the spiritual eyes
|Fulfillment of prophecy =
}}
'''Day of Resurrection''' (Resurrection Day) is a [[feast of God]] that commemorates Jesus’ resurrection three days after His death on the [[cross]]. In the Bible, the date of Resurrection Day is the “day after the first [[Sabbath]] (Sunday) following the [[The Feast of Unleavened Bread|Feast of Unleavened Bread]].” However, most churches keep it on the first Sunday after the full Moon that occurs on or after the spring equinox, calling it Easter. In many countries in Europe, the day before and after Easter is a national holiday, and it is celebrated as one of the biggest holidays of the year. In the U.S., spring break is generally before and after Easter, and it is observed by a large majority of schools. Many companies are closed and enjoy a holiday around Easter.<ref>[https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/france/2022 List of Holidays in France in 2022]. Public Holidays in France in 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.feiertage.net/frei-tage.php Gesetzliche Feiertage in Nordrhein-Westfalen 2022]. Die Feiertage 2022, 2023 n Deutschland.</ref><ref>[https://www.euronext.com/en/trade/trading-hours-holidays Calendar of business days 2022]. Trading Hours & Holidays, ''EURONEXT''.</ref><ref>[https://guardian.ng/news/fg-declares-holidays-for-easter-celebration/ FG declares holidays for Easter celebration]. ''The Guardian'', March 30, 2021</ref><ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/news/2017/04/16/christians-around-the-world-celebrate-easter-sunday/100544548/ Christians around the world celebrate Easter Sunday]. ''USA TODAY'', April 17, 2017.</ref>
==Origin of Resurrection Day==
{{참고|Day of Firstfruits|설명=}} The origin of Resurrection Day is the [[resurrection of Jesus]]. A more fundamental origin can be found in the [[Feast of Firstfruits]] from the Old Testament times. The Day of Firstfruits was established to commemorate [[Moses]]’ landing after crossing the [[Red Sea]], leading the Israelites about 3,500 years ago.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+14%3A21-30&version=NIV |title=Exodus 14:21–30 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> It was celebrated on the day after the first Sabbath (Sunday) following the Feast of Unleavened Bread. On that day, the priest waved a sheaf of the first grain before God.

{{quote5 |내용=“Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you enter the land I am going to give you and you reap its harvest, bring to the priest '''a sheaf of the first grain''' you harvest. He is to wave the sheaf before the LORD so it will be accepted on your behalf; the priest is to wave it on the '''day after the Sabbath.'''’ ” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A9-14&version=NIV Leviticus 23:9–14]}}

The firstfruits offered on the Day of Firstfruits in the Old Testament represented [[Jesus Christ]]. Jesus fulfilled the prophecy of the Day of Firstfruits by being resurrected as the firstfruits of those who had fallen asleep.

{{quote5 |내용=But '''Christ''' has indeed been raised from the dead, '''the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.''' |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+15%3A20&version=NIV 1 Corinthians 15:20]}}

==Date of Resurrection Day==

===The Date in the Bible===
Jesus was arrested on the night of the [[Passover]], died on the cross on the Feast of Unleavened Bread,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26-27&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26–27 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and fulfilled the prophecy of the Day of Firstfruits by being resurrected on the day after the Sabbath (Sunday).
{{quote5 |내용=When Jesus rose early on the '''first day of the week''', he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom he had driven seven demons. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+16%3A1-9&version=NIV Mark 16:1–9]}}

Thus, Resurrection Day is the day when the prophecy of the Feast of Firstfruits was fulfilled, so it must be observed on the '''day after the first Sabbath following the Feast of Unleavened Bread''', just like the Day of Firstfruits.

===The Date Changed===
{{참고|The Paschal Controversy (The Passover Controversy)|설명=}}
Most churches celebrate Resurrection Day on the first Sunday after the full Moon following [https://www.britannica.com/science/vernal-equinox the spring equinox].<ref>[https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Resurrection+Sunday Easter], ''The Free Dictionary.com''</ref> This is the result of accepting the Western Church’ insistence on the date of the Passover Holy Supper. The Paschal controversy was sparked between the Eastern and Western Churches from the 2nd century to the 4th century.

The Western Church insisted that the Holy Supper should be celebrated on the Resurrection Day, not on the evening of the 14th day of the first month by the sacred calendar which Jesus had taught. In A.D. 325, the churches decided to follow the insistence of the Western Church at the [[Council of Nicaea]], and so the [[Passover of the new covenant]], the day the Holy Supper was originally held on, disappeared from the ecclesiastical calendar, and the date of Resurrection Day was set to be the “first Sunday after the first full Moon following the spring equinox.”<ref>[https://www.worldhistory.org/Easter/ Easter], ''WORLD HISTORY ENCYCLOPEDIA'', January 11, 2021</ref><ref>Supremacy of the Popes, James Gibbons, The Faith of Our Fathers, 1876, pg. 134</ref> In the [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gregorian-calendar Gregorian calendar], it is usually between March 22 and April 25,<ref>[https://www.timeanddate.com/news/holidays/early-easter-2008.html Easter 2008 is the Earliest in Nearly a Century], ''Time and Date'', March 14, 2008</ref> which is similar to the feast day of the goddess Ēostre (Easter), which was widely worshiped in Europe at that time.<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-15/the-origins-of-easter-from-pagan-roots-to-chocolate-eggs/8440134 Origin of Easter: From pagan festivals and Christianity to bunnies and chocolate eggs], ''ABC.net'', April 15, 2017</ref> Today, the word ''Easter'' is related to the festival of the goddess Easter.<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-04-12/why-easter-is-called-easter-and-other-little-known-facts-about-the-holiday Why Easter Is Called Easter, and Other Facts About the Holiday], ''U.S.News'', April 12, 2017</ref>

==Ceremony of Resurrection Day==

===Biblical Ceremony: Resurrection Day Bread===
The [[Bible]] records how Jesus was resurrected and appeared to His two disciples who were on their way to Emmaus. The two disciples talked with Jesus, but they did not recognize Him. It was because their eyes were covered.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+24%3A13-16&version=NIV |title=Luke 24:13–16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> So Jesus gave them the bread He had given thanks for to eat, and the disciples’ eyes were opened to realize that they had been talking with Jesus, who had died on the cross.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+24%3A30-34&version=NIV |title=Luke 24:30–34 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Afterwards, the saints of the early Church celebrated the Resurrection Day '''by breaking bread''' on the day after the first Sabbath coming after the Feast of Unleavened Bread, following the example of Jesus.
{{quote5 |내용=After the Feast of Unleavened Bread . . . On the first day of the week we came together to break bread. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+20%3A6-7&version=NIV Acts 20:6–7]}}

The [[World Mission Society Church of God]] keeps the Resurrection Day on the basis of the dates of the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened in the Bible, and break the bread, following the example of Jesus.<ref>[https://watv.org/bible_word/resurrection-day/ Resurrection Day of Jesus Christ], ''WATV.org''</ref><ref>[https://watv.org/sacred-assemblies-2022/ Sacred Assemblies of the Passover, the Feast of Unleavened Bread, and the Day of Resurrection 2022], ''WATV.org'', April 15, 2022</ref>

===Pagan Customs: Easter Eggs and Bunny===
Today, many churches celebrate Easter by eating boiled eggs, and regard bunnies and eggs as symbols of Easter. The reason bunnies and eggs became the symbols of Easter is assumed to be because the custom of worshiping the goddess Easter (Ēostre) of the Teutons, who governed spring and dawn, was introduced into Christianity.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/summary/Easter-holiday Easter summary], ''Britannica''</ref> Since spring is the season of new life, Easter was regarded as the ''goddess of fertility'', and bunnies and eggs were both used as symbols of fertility.<ref>[https://www.crosswalk.com/special-coverage/easter/who-is-eostre-and-what-does-she-have-to-do-with-easter.html "Who Is Eostre and What Does She Have to Do With Easter?"]. ''crosswalk.com''. 2022. 3. 18.</ref> The fact that the Resurrection Day is called ''Easter'' in English and ''Ostern'' in German proves that Resurrection Day has been changed by the influence of pagan religions. The origin of Easter the goddess and eggs goes back further in history. Ancient Babylonians believed that a large egg fell into the Euphrates River from the sky and that the goddess Ishtar was hatched from this egg.<ref>Alexander Hislop, The Two Babylons, pg. 109, 1998</ref> In Israel, this goddess was called ''Ashtoreth''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2265-baaltis |title="ASTARTE WORSHIP AMONG THE HEBREWS" |website=Jewish Encyclopedia |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote=
}}</ref> The Bible tells us that Israel provoked God to anger by adopting the customs of pagan religions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+2%3A12-15&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_nas&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Judges 2:12–15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?type=general&q1=1+Kings+11%3A31-33&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_nas&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&pm=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=1 Kings 11:31–33 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Recognizing this problem, some Christian groups celebrate Easter by eating candy or chocolate instead of boiled eggs, but this is also a non-biblical custom that cannot be found in the early Church.<ref>[https://www.eatthis.com/news-most-popular-easter-candy/ The #1 Most Popular Easter Candy, According to New Data], Earth This, Not That!, April 11, 2022</ref>

*'''Names of Resurrection Day in Each Language'''

:{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 13%;" |'''Language'''
!'''Name'''
! '''Etymology'''
! style="width: 25%;" |'''Remarks'''
|-
|English
|Easter, Day of Resurrection, Resurrection Day
|Eostre, Eostrae (the name of the goddess of spring and abundance)<ref name="이스터">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Easter-holiday|title="Easter"}} ''Britannica''</ref>
| rowspan="2" |Easter and Ostern are non-biblical names.
|-
| German
|Ostern<ref>[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/german-english/ostern Ostern], ''Cambridge Dictionary''</ref>
|Eostarum (the name of the goddess of spring and abundance)<ref name="이스터" />
|-
|Greek
|Πάσχα [Pascar]
|Pronunciation of the Hebrew word פֶּסַח [pesach]<ref>[https://www.studylight.org/lexicons/eng/hebrew/6453.html Strong's #6453 - פֶּסַח], ''StudyLight.org''</ref> in the Greek way
| rowspan="9" |In the Bible, Pascha is a feast that Jesus celebrated on the day before He suffered.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A15&version=NIV |title=Luke 22:15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Holy Supper of Pascha is a ceremony to commemorate Jesus’ death<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11%3A23-26&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 11:23–26 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>, not His resurrection. Nevertheless, it became common in the Western Church to celebrate the Holy Supper on the day commemorating the resurrection of Jesus. So in some languages, the day of Jesus’ resurrection is wrongfully called Pascha.<ref>Alexander Hislop, The Two Babylons or The Papal Worship: Proved to be the Worship of Nimrod and his Wife, Volume 27, pg. 149</ref>
|-
|Latin
|Pascha
|Derived from ''πάσχα'', a Greek word for tuning the Hebrew word פֶּסַח [Pesach]
|-
|Russian
|Пасха
| rowspan="7" |Pascha in Latin
|-
|Spanish
|Pascua
|-
|Romanian
|Paști
|-
|Italian
|Pasqua
|-
|Portuguese
|Páscoa
|-
|French
|Pâques
|-
|Dutch

|Pasen<ref>[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/dutch-english/pasen Pasen], ''Cambridge Dictionary''</ref>
|-
|Korean
|부활절
| rowspan="3" |Commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|Chinese
|复活节 (simplified),
復活節 (traditional)
|-
|Japanese
|復活祭, イースター
|}

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]
[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]

Seal of God

2026-04-23T05:13:41Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:하나님의 인]][[vi:Ấn của Đức Chúa Trời]][[es:El sello de Dios]][[ne:परमेश्वरको छाप]][[pt:O Selo de Deus]]{{그림 |최후의 만찬 유월절.jpg|너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=The Holy Supper of the Passover well-known as the Last Supper}}
The '''seal of God''' is found in the prophecy of [[Revelation]] 7 in the [[The New Testament|New Testament]]. [[Apostle John]] saw in a revelation that God’s seal would be put on the foreheads of God’s people before the great disaster took place. Simply put, the seal of God is the stamp of God.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/seal |title= Seal|website=Dictionary.com |quote= }}</ref> Throughout all ages, [[God]] seals those who He approves. There is a seal of the apostleship<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+9%3A2&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 9:2 |quote=}}</ref> and a seal of the righteousness of faith as well.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+4%3A11&version=NIV |title=Romans 4:11 |quote=}}</ref> God also sets His seal of ownership on His people, and put His [[The Holy Spirit|Spirit]] in their hearts as a deposit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+1%3A22&version=NIV |title=2 Corinthians 1:22 |quote= }}</ref> However, the seal in Revelation 7:2 is the mark of redemption, the [[The New Covenant Passover|Passover of the new covenant]], by which the saints can escape the last disaster.

==God’s Work of Putting a Seal==
[[File:The Four Angels Staying the Wind LACMA M.70.43.2.jpg|thumb |200px |''The Four Angels Holding the Winds'' by Albrecht Dürer, 1498]]
The prophecy about God’s work of putting the seal is recorded in Revelation 7.
{{quote5 |내용=After this I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth, holding back the '''four winds of the earth''' to prevent any wind from blowing on the land or on the sea or on any tree. Then I saw another angel coming up from the '''east''', having the '''seal of the living God'''. He called out in a loud voice to the four angels who had been given power to harm the land and the sea: “Do not harm the land or the sea or the trees until we put a seal on the foreheads of the servants of our God.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+7%3A1-3&version=NIV Revelation 7:1–3]}}

The four angels have power to harm the land and the sea with the four winds, but are holding them back. In the [[Bible]], wind represents war.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+4%3A11-19&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 4:11–19 |quote= }}</ref> The winds being released from the four corners of the earth mean a war will break out across the world. Before they are released, God must put a seal on the foreheads of the saints to save them from this disaster.

===When===
The four winds of the earth refer to the winds blowing from all directions, that is, world war. In history, there have been two world wars. To understand which war the four angels are holding back, we must know what happened before Revelation 7. We can find the answer in Revelation 6.

{{quote5 |내용=I watched as he opened the sixth seal. There was a great earthquake. The sun turned black like sackcloth made of goat hair, the whole moon turned blood red, and the stars in the sky fell to earth, as late figs drop from a fig tree when shaken by a strong wind. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+6%3A12-13&version=NIV Revelation 6:12–13]}}

Figs and stars in the sky refer to the Israelites in the Bible.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+15%3A5&version=NIV |title=Genesis 15:5 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+13%3A7&version=NIV |title=Luke 13:7 |quote= }}</ref> The Bible says the stars in the sky fell to earth as late figs drop from a fig tree when shaken by a strong wind. This means that many Jews were sacrificed in a great war. During World War II (1939–1945), Nazi Germany regarded the Jews as an inferior race and sent them to ghettos (residential areas appointed by the laws for the Jews to live in) and concentration camps by force. They slaughtered the Jews regardless of gender and age under the pretext of ethnic cleansing. The number of the slaughtered Jews is 6 million, including 1.5 million children.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/documenting-numbers-of-victims-of-the-holocaust-and-nazi-persecution |title=DOCUMENTING NUMBERS OF VICTIMS OF THE HOLOCAUST AND NAZI PERSECUTION |website=Holocaust Encyclopedia |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> In Revelation 7, God’s work of putting a seal begins after the angels hold back the winds from the four corners of the earth, that is, after the end of World War II in 1945.

===Where===
God’s work of putting a seal begins from the east.
{{quote5 |내용=Then I saw another angel coming up from the '''east''', having the '''seal of the living God'''. He called out in a loud voice to the four angels who had been given power to harm the land and the sea: “Do not harm the land or the sea or the trees until we put a seal on the foreheads of the servants of our God.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+7%3A2-3&version=NIV Revelation 7:2–3]}}

Apostle John received this revelation from the Island of Patmos. Then the east in Revelation 7 refers to a country east of the Island of Patmos. The latitude from Patmos traveling to the ends of the earth ends in the Republic of Korea (South Korea, hereinafter referred to as “Korea”). Korea is the country in the east according to the prophecy of Revelation 7 because the “seal of God” appeared from there. 
{{그림 |밧모-대한민국 화살표_en.PNG |너비= 400px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Korea located at the end of the earth in the east from Israel}}

==Passover, the Seal of God==
The seal of God is a sign to save God’s people from the last disaster. The [[Passover]] is the truth that saves us from disasters. Its name means that disasters pass over. It is called ''Pesach (פֶּסַח)'' in Hebrew and ''Pascha (πασχα)'' in Greek. They all mean that disasters pass over.

From the time it was first instituted 3,500 years ago, the Passover has been promised as a sign of redemption from disasters. While the four angels are holding back the winds from the four corners of the earth, God puts the seal on the foreheads of the saints to save them from the impending disasters. Here, the seal too refers to the Passover.

===Time of Exodus===
[[file:Foster Bible Pictures 0062-1 The Angel of Death and the First Passover.jpg|thumb | px |The angel of death passing over the family that has kept the Passover]]
In the fifteenth century B.C., the people of [[Israel]] lived as slaves in Egypt. In order to free them, God brought the great disaster of destroying the firstborn all over Egypt. However, He had the Israelites slaughter lambs on the evening of the 14th day of the first month (by the sacred calendar) and put its blood on the sides and tops of the doorframes of their houses before the disaster occurred. This is the first Passover.
{{quote5 |내용=“The animals you choose must be year-old males without defect, and you may take them from the sheep or the goats. Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month, when all the people of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight. Then they are to take some of the blood and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs. . . . it is the LORD’s '''Passover'''. On that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn—both men and animals—and I will bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD. The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are; and '''when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt'''.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A5-13&version=NIV Exodus 12:5–13]}}

On the night of the Passover, every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh to the firstborn of a man in prison, and all the firstborn of the cattle were put to death.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A29-30&version=NIV |title=Exodus 12:29–30 |quote= }}</ref> However, the Israelites, who kept the Passover, were protected from the disaster and freed from Egypt the next day. Even non-Israelites were saved from the disaster by putting the blood of the Passover lamb on the tops and sides of the doorframes of their houses, and they left Egypt with the Israelites.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A37-38&version=NIV |title=Exodus 12:37–38 |quote= }}</ref> As God had promised, the blood of the Passover lamb became a sign letting the disaster pass over them.

===Time of King Hezekiah===
[[File:Peter Paul Rubens 082.jpg|thumb|''The Defeat of Sennacherib'' by Peter Paul Rubens: An angel slaughtered 185,000 Assyrian men overnight.]]
The promise of the Passover is not limited to the time of the Exodus. It also prevailed in the time of Hezekiah about 800 years after the [[The Exodus|Exodus]]. Hezekiah was the thirteenth king of the southern Kingdom of Judah. After the unified Kingdom of Israel was divided into the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah, the Passover had not been celebrated for a long time. At that time Hezekiah ruled over South Judah. As soon as King Hezekiah acceded to the throne, he repaired the ruined temple<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+29%3A2-3&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 29:2–3 |quote= }}</ref> and decided to keep the Passover by the admonition of the prophet [[Isaiah]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+30%3A2&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 30:2 |quote= }}</ref> He sent couriers to both South Judah and North Israel, inviting them all to keep the Passover. The people of North Israel had not celebrated the Passover for more than 250 years since the first King Jeroboam set up idols and led the people to worship them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+12%3A25-29&version=NIV |title=1 Kings 12:25–29 |quote=}}</ref> Since they did not know about the Passover, they mocked and ridiculed the couriers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+30%3A1-10&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 30:1–10 |quote= }}</ref> Eventually, only the people of South Judah and some of the people of North Israel, who humbly accepted the words of the couriers, gathered in Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+30%3A11-12&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 30:11–12 |quote=}}</ref> Three years later, the Assyrian army surrounded Samaria, the capital of the northern Kingdom of Israel. Assyria was a powerful kingdom that conquered the Mediterranean coast and part of Asia Minor. Three years after the siege, Assyria captured [[Samaria]], killing millions of people and taking captive hundreds of thousands.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+17%3A4-6&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 17:4–6 |quote=}}</ref> Around 721 B.C., North Israel was completely destroyed. The [[book of 2 Kings]] explains that the fundamental cause of the destruction of the northern Kingdom of Israel was because they violated God’s covenant by not keeping the Passover.
{{quote5 |내용=In King Hezekiah’s fourth year, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, Shalmaneser king of Assyria marched against Samaria and laid siege to it. At the end of three years the Assyrians took it. So Samaria was captured in Hezekiah's sixth year, which was the ninth year of Hoshea king of Israel. . . . This happened because they had not obeyed the LORD their God, but had violated his covenant—all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded. They neither listened to the commands nor carried them out. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+18%3A9-12&version=NIV 2 Kings 18:9–12]}}
[[File:Map of Assyria.png|thumb|300px|left|Assyrian territory surrounding the Kingdom of Judah]]
In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria led his army and to capture fortified cities in South Judah. The siege narrowed down to [[Jerusalem]], the capital.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+18%3A13-17&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 18:13–17 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{인용 |url=https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/sennacherib-the-assyrian-kings-failed-second-siege-of-jerusalem/ |title=Sennacherib: The Assyrian King’s Failed Second Siege of Jerusalem |website=Warfare History Network |publisher= |date= |quote= }}</ref> Sennacherib and his servants mocked the weak South Judah and God whom they believed in.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+32%3A10-11&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 32:10–11 |quote=}}</ref> Hezekiah sent elders to Isaiah the prophet to inquire of God’s will. God said, “The king of Assyria will not enter this city or shoot an arrow here. His men will not come before it with shields or build a siege ramp against it. By the way that they came they will return.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+19%3A32-33&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 19:32-33 |quote= }}</ref> As God said, the great Assyrian army was destroyed overnight.
 
{{quote5 |내용=“I will defend this city and save it, for my sake and for the sake of David my servant.” That night the angel of the LORD went out and put to death a hundred and eighty-five thousand men in the Assyrian camp. When the people got up the next morning—there were all the dead bodies! |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+19%3A34-35&version=NIV 2 Kings 19:34–35]}}

Hezekiah preached and kept the Passover because he wanted to secure his nation’s stability through God’s blessings. As he wished, Judah, which had kept the Passover, was protected by God from the attack of Assyria.

===New Testament Times===
[[File:Agnus Dei Zurbarán.jpg|thumb|''Agnus Dei'' by Francisco de Zurbarán, 1635–1640: Christ was sacrificed as the Passover lamb.]]

In the Old Testament times, the Israelites celebrated the Passover with the flesh and blood of lambs. The purpose of keeping the Passover in this way was to lead the saints in the New Testament to keep the Passover of the new covenant with bread and wine symbolizing the flesh and blood of [[Jesus Christ]]. He appeared as the reality of the animal sacrifice in the Old Testament<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+10%3A1&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 10:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> by shedding His blood on the cross for the salvation of God’s people.

{{quote5 |내용= For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7&version=NIV 1 Corinthians 5:7]}}

In the Old Testament times, the blood of the Passover lamb was a sign through which disasters would pass over the Israelites. It is the same with the blood that Jesus shed on the cross as the Passover lamb in the New Testament times.

Jesus gave wine to His disciples at the Passover ceremony, saying, “This cup is the blood of the covenant, poured out for your salvation.” He also called the Passover bread His flesh.

{{quote5 |내용= “I have eagerly desired to eat this '''Passover''' with you before I suffer.” And he took '''bread''', gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is '''my body''' given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” . . . “This '''cup [wine]''' is the new covenant in '''my blood''', which is poured out for you.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A15&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV Luke 22:15], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A19-20&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 19–20]}}

Just as the Israelites celebrated the Passover with the flesh and blood of lambs in the Old Testament times, the saints in the New Testament keep the Passover of the new covenant with the flesh and blood of Jesus, who is the reality of the lambs. The saints who keep the New Covenant Passover, engraving the love of Christ on their hearts, are blessed with the forgiveness of sins and eternal life through the blood of Christ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A28&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:28 |quote= }}</ref><ref name="요 6장">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A54&version=NIV |title=John 6:54 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> In the last days, we will be blessed to escape the great disaster as God showed in the history of the Old Testament as a shadow. Just like the time of the Exodus and of Hezekiah, the blood of the Passover becomes a sign for God’s people to escape disasters in the last day. Therefore, the seal of God in Revelation 7 is a prophecy about the Passover of the new covenant.

This fact is also evident in the words of Jesus recorded in the Gospel of John. Jesus said, “Whoever eats My flesh and drinks My blood remains in Me, and I in him.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A56&version=NIV |title=John 6:56 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> This means that we become one body with Jesus by keeping the Passover. Jesus said that He has the seal of God on Him.

{{quote5 |내용= “On him (Jesus) God the Father has placed his seal of approval.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A27&version=NIV John 6:27]}}

Those who become one body with Jesus by keeping the Passover of the new covenant can receive the seal of God. In other words, the Passover of the new covenant is the truth through which we can receive the seal of God. The saints who receive the seal of God through the Passover of the new covenant become God’s people,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+31%3A31-33&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 31:31–33 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> who belong to God,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+2%3A9&version=NIV |title=1 Peter 2:9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and God will protect them on the day of the last disaster. 
{{quote5 |내용=But now, this is what the LORD says—he who created you, O Jacob, he who formed you, O Israel: “Fear not, for I have redeemed you; I have summoned you by name; '''you are mine'''. When you pass through the waters, I will be with you; and when you pass through the rivers, they will not sweep over you. When you walk through the fire, you will not be burned; the flames will not set you ablaze. For I am the LORD, your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+43%3A1-3&version=NIV Isaiah 43:1–3] }}

Also, the Holy Supper of the Passover is the seal that fulfills all the promises of God: the forgiveness of sins,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+1%3A7&version=NIV |title= Ephesians 1:7 |quote= }}</ref> redemption,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+1%3A18-19&version=NIV |title= 1 Peter 1:18–19 |quote= }}</ref> reconciliation,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+5%3A11&version=NIV |title= Romans 5:11 |quote= }}</ref> righteousness,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+5%3A9&version=NIV |title= Romans 5:9 |quote= }}</ref> peace,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+1%3A20&version=NIV |title= Colossians 1:20 |quote= }}</ref> and being bought with blood.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+20%3A28&version=NIV |title= Acts 20:28 |quote= }}</ref> According to Revelation 7, the only way to escape the last great disaster is to receive the seal of God. In other words, in the New Testament times, those who eat and drink the Passover bread and wine, engraving Christ’s love and sacrifice on their hearts, are the ones who can escape the last disaster as they have the seal of God on their foreheads.

==Prophecies about the Seal of God in the Old Testament==
The prophecies about the seal of God are recorded not only in the book of Revelation but also in book of [[Ezekiel]] of the Old Testament.

{{quote5 |내용= “Go throughout the city of Jerusalem and '''put a mark on the foreheads of those who grieve and lament over all the detestable things''' that are done in it.” As I listened, he said to the others, “Follow him through the city and kill, without showing pity or compassion. Slaughter old men, young men and maidens, women and children, but '''do not touch anyone who has the mark'''.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel+9%3A4-6&version=NIV Ezekiel 9:4–6]}}

The prophet Ezekiel saw a vision where God separates those who grieve and lament over all the detestable things done by the people who despise God’s law and worship idols while claiming to believe in God. He saw God putting a mark on the foreheads of these people and destroying those who do not have it.

The prophet Ezekiel lived during the end of the southern Kingdom of Judah. The book of Ezekiel was a revelation he received and recorded from God just before Judah was completely destroyed by Neo-Babylonian Empire (Babylon) (c. 586 B.C.). The prophet Zephaniah, who worked in the days of King Josiah just before Ezekiel, also prophesied the impending destruction of Judah. At first, his prophecies seem to only be about the things that would take place in the Old Testament days, however, they are about what will happen in the time when the last disaster is imminent. The book of Zephaniah prophesies a far worse situation than what occurred at the time of the destruction of Judah—the great disaster that will destroy even the birds of the air and the fish of the sea.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Zephaniah+1%3A3&version=NIV |title=Zephaniah 1:3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> It is the same with the book of Ezekiel. Therefore, the sign to escape from disasters in Ezekiel 9 is the same prophecy as the seal of God recorded in Revelation 7.

Those who receive the mark to escape disasters are those who grieve and lament over all the detestable things done by people who forsake God’s law and practice idolatry. Zephaniah said it is only those who keep the decrees of God who will be saved and not suffer the last disaster.

{{quote5 |내용= Gather together, gather together, O shameful nation, before the appointed time arrives and that day sweeps on like chaff, before the fierce anger of the LORD comes upon you, before the day of the LORD’s wrath comes upon you. Seek the LORD, '''all you humble of the land, you who do what he commands'''. Seek righteousness, seek humility; perhaps '''you will be sheltered on the day of the LORD’s anger'''. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Zephaniah+2%3A1-3&version=NIV Zephaniah 2:1–3]}}

Zephaniah said that those who keep God’s commands will be saved from disasters; in Ezekiel 9 those who have the mark on their foreheads, and in Revelation 7 those who have the seal of God on their foreheads will escape disaster.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+7%3A2-3&version=NIV |title=Revelation 7:2–3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Passover is the only sign to escape disasters. At the time of the Exodus, the blood of the Passover lambs became a sign and the destroying angel passed over the houses with it. Likewise, when the last disaster comes, the blood of Jesus Christ, who is the reality of the Passover lamb, becomes the sign of redemption, the seal of God, and the disaster will pass over those who have His blood. Those who keep the New Covenant Passover, which is God’s decree, with a humble heart can receive the seal of God.

== Christ Ahnsahnghong Has Brought the Seal of God==
God’s work of putting a seal in Revelation 7 begins from the east. This is a revelation that the Passover, which disappeared in A.D. 325, will appear in Korea in the east. The prophet Isaiah too prophesied the restoration of the Passover. 
{{quote5 |내용=On this mountain the LORD Almighty will prepare a feast of rich food for all peoples, a banquet of '''aged wine'''—the best of meats and the finest of wines. On this mountain he will destroy the shroud that enfolds all peoples, the sheet that covers all nations; '''he will swallow up death forever'''. . . . In that day they will say, “'''Surely this is our God'''; we trusted in him, and he saved us.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+25%3A6-9&version=NIV Isaiah 25:6–9]}}

God prepared a banquet with the aged wine which had been stored for a long time to swallow up death forever. In the Bible, the wine of the Passover of the new covenant is the only wine to swallow up death forever, giving the promise of eternal life.<ref name="요 6장"></ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A20&version=NIV |title= Luke 22:20 |quote= }}</ref> This prophecy means that God would bring back the New Covenant Passover, which had not been kept since the Apostolic Age. It is Ahnsahnghong who has restored the Passover of the new covenant which can only be revealed and restored by God.

[[Ahnsahnghong|Christ Ahnsahnghong]] was born in the Republic of Korea at the ends of the earth in the east from the island of Patmos where Apostle John saw the revelation. He was baptized in 1948 when He was thirty years old, and preached the truth of salvation of the new covenant. This happened as the fulfillment of the prophecy that God’s work of putting a seal would begin in the east after the end of World War II in 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+7%3A1-3&version=NIV |title= Revelation 7:1–3 |quote= }}</ref> The One who has brought the New Covenant Passover is our God as it was prophesied in the book of Isaiah.

==See also==
* [[Ahnsahnghong]]
* [[Second Coming Jesus (Second Coming Christ)]]
* [[Timing of Jesus’ Second Coming]]
* [[Where Jesus Comes a Second Time]]
* [[Prophecy of King David’s Throne]]
* [[Passover]]
* [[Disaster & Passover]]

== External links==
* [https://watv.org/ Church of God Official Website]
* [https://ahnsahnghong.com/en Christ Ahnsahnghong Official Website]

==Related videos==
* '''The Passover, Through Which We Can Escape Disasters'''
<youtube>9ukxOUMai-Q</youtube>

==References==
<references />

{{아버지 진리 둘러보기}}

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]
[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]
[[Category:God the Father]]

The Last Supper

2026-04-23T05:13:15Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:최후의 만찬]][[vi:Bữa ăn tối cuối cùng]][[es:La última cena]][[ne:अन्तिम भोज]][[pt:A Última Ceia]]'''The Last Supper''' refers to the last supper that [[Jesus Christ]] had with His disciples on the night before He died on the cross. The biblical name for this supper is the '''Holy Supper of the Passover'''. It is well known through a mural painted by Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian painter in the Renaissance period.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/food/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/last-supper |title=Last Supper, The |website=Encyclopedia.com |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote=}}</ref> The Four Gospels of the Bible, which record the scene of ''The Last Supper'', that is, the [[Passover]] show that the covenant of Christ for the salvation of mankind lies behind the artistic value of a world-famous painting. It is because Jesus established the [[New Covenant|new covenant]], the law of life, to give the forgiveness of sins and eternal life to all mankind at His last Holy Supper of the Passover.
[[file:최후의 만찬 유월절.jpg |thumb | px | At the Holy Supper of the Passover known as ''The Last Supper'', Jesus established the new covenant which has the promise of the forgiveness of sins and eternal life.]]
==Material for the Masterpiece==
''The Last Supper'' depicts a historical depicts often featured in Western religious art,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardianlv.com/2014/04/the-last-supper-interpreted-by-da-vinci-and-other-artists/ |title=The Last Supper Interpreted by da Vinci and Other Artists |website=LIBERTY VOICE |publisher= |date=April 17, 2014 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> Murals based on this historical event were depicted in early Christian [https://www.britannica.com/topic/catacomb catacombs], too. The painting depicts Jesus having supper with His twelve disciples the day before His [[Crucifixion|suffering on the cross]]. In the past, painters produced art as commissioned, rather than simply painting what they wanted. Artworks at that time were focused on history or religion because the clients were mostly aristocrats and priests. In particular, the commissioners and artists wanted to reflect on the meaning of salvation and at the same time express the tension and emotion contained in the last supper, such as Jesus' last meal before death and the disciple's betrayal, through painting.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Last-Supper-fresco-by-Leonardo-da-Vinci Last Supper painting by Leonardo da Vinci], ''Britannica''</ref> Jesus’ last supper has been painted by numerous painters. ''Last Supper'' by Giotto di Bondone, a pioneer of Renaissance painting,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehistoryofart.org/giotto/last-supper/ |title=Last Supper |website=The History of Art |publisher= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> ''Triptych of the Last Supper'' by Dirk Bouts, which shows the characteristics of the Northern Renaissance,<ref>Robert Suckale, Early Renaissance, Masterpieces of Western Art: A History of Art in 900 Individual Studies from the Gothic to the Present Day, TASCHEN; Reprint. edition, pg. 130, September 1, 2002</ref> and ''The Last Supper'' by the Spanish painter Juan Dejuanes, etc. Among them,<ref>Stephen Farthing, 1001 paintings you must see before you die, London : Cassell Illustrated, 2006</ref> ''The Last Supper'' by Leonardo da Vinci is the most famous.
<div style="text-align:center; width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
<gallery ;="" gallery="" widths="240" heights="200" caption="'''The Last Supper'''">
file:Dieric Bouts - Altarpiece of the Holy Sacrament - WGA03002.jpg|Dirk Bouts, c. 1415–1475, St. Peter’s Church, Leuven, Belgium
file:Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) - The Last Supper (1495-1498).jpg|Leonardo da Vinci, 1452–1519, Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy
file:Valentin de Boulogne, Last Supper.jpg|Valentin de Boulogne, 1591–1632, National Gallery of Ancient Art, Rome
</gallery>
</div>

==The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci==
Leonardo da Vinci painted this mural for about two years from 1495 on the wall of the dining hall at the Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. This work is regarded as a masterpiece of the [https://www.britannica.com/event/Renaissance Renaissance] for his creativity, beauty, and excellent way of dealing with the sublime subject. The Austrian-born British art historian Ernst Hans Josef Gombrich spoke of Leonardo da Vinci’s ''The Last Supper'' as “one of the great miracles wrought by human genius.”<ref>The Story of Art Paperback, E.H. Gombrich, ''Phaidon Press''; 16th edition, April 9, 1995, pg. 217</ref> Besides Gombrich, many scholars and critics appreciate the artistry of this work, and many visual artists, including Andy Warhol, acknowledge its value, transcending time, to the point where they created works based on it.<ref>Leonardo da Vinci, the Last Supper, A Cosmic Drama and an Act of Redemption, The painting's influence through the centuries, ''Temple Lodge Publishing'', 2005, pp. 86-87</ref> This work was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/93/ |title=Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with "The Last Supper" by Leonardo da Vinci |website=UNESCO |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref>

[[file:Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) - The Last Supper (1495-1498).jpg |thumb | center | 500px |''The Last Supper'' by Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)]]

===Theme and Scene===
The theme of this work is “the last supper” that Jesus shared with His twelve disciples the day before His death on the cross. The scene allegedly describes the reaction of the disciples when Jesus said that one of the disciples would betray Him.<ref name="저물 때">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A20-22&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:20–22 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>The Story of Leonardo Da Vinci 500 Years After His Death, Antone R. E. Pierucci, ''Atlantic Publishing''</ref> In the [[Gospel of John]] of the Bible, it is recorded that the disciples looked at one another and wondered who would betray Him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A21-22&version=NIV |title=John 13:21–22 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> This is the moment Leonardo da Vinci wanted to draw. There are various facial expressions and gestures of Jesus and His disciples in this painting.
{{quote5 |내용=“I tell you the truth, one of you is going to betray me.” His disciples stared at one another, at a loss to know which of them he meant. . . . Simon Peter motioned to this disciple and said, “Ask him which one he means.” Leaning back against Jesus, he asked him, “Lord, who is it?” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A21-25&version=NIV John 13:21–25]}}

According to the explanation of [https://whc.unesco.org/ UNESCO World Heritage Convention], four groups of three figures were painted on either side of Christ. The '''first group''' starting from the far left of Jesus is Bartholomew, James (son of Alphaeus), and Andrew, who all seem shocked by Jesus’ words. The '''second group''' is Peter, Jude, and John. Peter, who is impetuous, is leaning towards John, whispering something, and John is unintentionally pushing Judas forward. Judas is emphasized without being separated from the others. The '''third group''' in the middle, leaning toward Jesus and looking startled, is Thomas, James (John’s brother), and Philip, who all seem to be zealous to confirm their loyalty to Jesus. The '''fourth group''' on the far right is Matthew, Thaddaeus, and Simon. They are not looking at Jesus because of the heated debate among themselves. Some symbolic elements are also found in ''The Last Supper''. The knife in Peter’s hand implies that he will later use it to sever the ear of a soldier attempting to arrest Jesus, and the purse in Judas’ hand symbolizes his betrayal of Jesus for thirty silver coins.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Last-Supper-fresco-by-Leonardo-da-Vinci#:~:text=simple%20composition.-,Subject,-The%20subject%20of |title=Last Supper |website=Britannica |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/early-europe-and-colonial-americas/renaissance-art-europe-ap/a/leonardo-last-supper |title=The Last Supper |website=Khan Academy |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> The bread and wine on the table are not just food for a supper, but they symbolize the flesh and blood that Jesus will shed on the cross the next day.<ref name="원하였노라">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A15-20&version=NIV|title=Luke 22:15–20|quote=}}</ref>

===Composition and Drawing Technique===
In the paintings that dealt with the same subject in Florence in the fifteenth century, the disciples are placed on each side of Jesus and Judas separately on the other side. In da Vinci's painting, Judas is not isolated, but sits in the crowd of the disciples.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/last_supper_iconography/2/ |title=THE LAST SUPPER |website=La Salle University Digital Commons |publisher= |year= |author= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> Additionally, he utilized linear perspective to create the illusion of depth on a flat surface, which is one of the characteristics of Renaissance art. Perspective is expressed around the [https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/glossary/vanishing-point#:~:text=The%20vanishing%20point%20in%20paintings,all%20receding%20parallel%20lines%20meet. vanishing point] located at Jesus’ head, which makes it look as if the wall in the picture is connected to the actual wall, and as if the last supper is being held at the end of the hall.
It is also notable that there is no halo around Jesus and His disciples unlike the paintings drawn previously, dealing with the same subject. Da Vinci surrounded Jesus with bright light coming from the three windows behind Him. He used light to create a three-dimensional effect on the characters, and vividly depicted details such as wrinkles on clothes and plates on the table.{{quote |There was nothing in this work that resembled older representations of the same theme. In these traditional versions, the apostles were seen sitting quietly at the table in a row—only Judas being segregated from the rest—while Christ was calmly dispensing the Sacrament. The new picture was very different from any of these paintings.|작가=''The Story of Art'', E. H. Gombrich}}
Da Vinci also chose not to use the pre-existing method of drawing techniques. To make a perfect masterpiece, he worked in [https://www.britannica.com/art/tempera-painting tempera], which is a technique to paint with pigments bound in egg yolk, not in fresco, which is a technique with which the painting cannot be fixed once done. The tempera technique had the advantage of being able to express details and bright colors, but it had the disadvantage of easily peeling off when used on murals. As a result, mold and cracks formed in da Vinci’s ''The Last Supper'', and part of the painting fell off due to moisture in the dining room. It is said that the painting had already deteriorated in the early 16th century,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/1998/11/01/leonardos-last-supper-restored-a-wreck-but-an-authentic-wreck |title=Leonardo's Last Supper restored: A wreck, but an authentic wreck |website=The Art Newspaper |publisher= |date=November 1, 1998 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> and it lost its true appearance through the floods and wars.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://the-rearview-mirror.com/2014/08/15/the-day-we-almost-lost-da-vincis-the-last-supper-forever/ |title=The Day We Almost Lost Da Vinci’s ‘The Last Supper’ Forever! |website=Rearview Mirror |publisher= |date=August 15, 2014 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> As the Italian government began to restore the painting in the late 1970s, the restored painting was released to the public in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/magazine-36466835 |title=The da Vinci puzzle: Restoring The Last Supper |website=BBC News |publisher= |date=1999 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote=}}</ref> Although the viewing time is limited to 15 minutes to each person in order to prevent damage to the work, many people visit Milan to see this masterpiece.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/travel/2022/08/27/15-minutes-with-one-of-the-world039s-most-famous-paintings |title=My 15 minutes with one of the world's most famous paintings, 'The Last Supper' |website=The Star |publisher= |date=August 27, 2022 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote=}}</ref>

==The Passover, the Biblical Name for ''The Last Supper''==
The biblical name for ''The Last Supper'' is The Passover.<ref name="원하였노라"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/leonardo-da-vinci |title=Leonardo da Vinci |website=HISTORY.COM |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote=}}</ref> The word supper in the English dictionary refers to a main meal eaten in the evening; an event in which people come together to eat in the evening.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/supper |title=supper |website=Cambridge Dictionary |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> As the word supper shows, the Passover is celebrated on the ''evening'' of the 14th day of the sacred calendar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A5&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> So Jesus, too, waited for this day to celebrate the Passover with His twelve disciples at twilight.<ref name="저물 때"/><ref name="원하였노라"/>
{{quote5 |내용=So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the '''Passover'''. When '''evening''' came, Jesus was reclining at the table with the Twelve. . . . While they were eating, Jesus took '''bread''', gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying, “Take and eat; this is '''my body'''.” Then he took the '''cup''', gave thanks and offered it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you. This is '''my blood''' of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the '''forgiveness of sins'''.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A19-28&version=NIV Matthew 26:19–28]}}

Some people misunderstand that the Passover of the Bible is the day when Jesus was resurrected. However, the Passover in the Bible is celebrated the night before Jesus suffered,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A15&version=NIV|title=Luke 22:15|quote=}}</ref> and the Holy Supper is celebrated in commemoration of Jesus’ death, not of [[Jesus' Resurrection|His resurrection]].<ref name="죽으심">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11%3A23-26&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 11:23–26 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

===Passover Ceremony===
Jesus knew that Judas Iscariot would betray Him, that His disciples would flee, and that He would die in great pain and agony. In the face of a horrific death, Jesus had the last supper, [[The New Covenant Passover|the Passover of the new covenant]], prepared and held it in order to fulfill all the prophecies of the Bible. The Passover consisted of the feet-washing ceremony and the Holy Supper. The feet-washing ceremony was a ritual where the saints followed the example of Christ who washed the feet of His disciples before taking the bread and wine of the Passover.<ref name="세족예식">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A14-15&version=NIV |title=John 13:14–15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> After the feet-washing ceremony, the Holy Supper of the Passover was held for the disciples to participate in Jesus’ holy flesh and precious blood.

{{그림 | 세족예식.jpg |너비= 140px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Before the Holy Supper, Jesus Himself washes the feet of His disciples.}}

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|'''Preparation'''||align="left"| Jesus sends Peter and John to prepare a room where they can eat the Passover. The disciples prepare the Passover as Jesus directed them.<ref name="예비">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A17-19&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:17–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+14%3A12-16&version=NIV |title=Mark 14:12–16 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A7-13&version=NIV |title=Luke 22:7–13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
|-
|'''Feet-Washing Ceremony'''||align="left"| On the evening of the Passover, the disciples gather in the upper room, which is said to belong to Mark, and Jesus Himself washes their feet.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A1-5&version=NIV |title=John 13:1–5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> After washing all His disciples’ feet, He tells them to do it just as He set an example.<ref name="세족예식"/>
|-
|'''Holy Supper of the Passover'''||align="left"| Jesus establishes the new covenant with the promise of the forgiveness of sins and eternal life by letting His disciples eat and drink the Passover bread and wine, which represent His flesh and blood.<ref name="유월절성찬식">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A26-28&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:26–28 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+14%3A22-24&version=NIV |title=Mark 14:22–24 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="새 언약">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A19-20&version=NIV |title=Luke 22:19–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
|}

===Blessings Contained in the Passover===
What Jesus earnestly wanted to do before the end of His life was to keep the Passover with His disciples.<ref name="원하였노라"/> By doing that, Jesus fulfilled His purpose of coming to this earth.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+19%3A10&version=NIV |title=Luke 19:10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+10%3A10&version=NIV |title=John 10:10 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Jesus came to save mankind. For mankind, who is destined to die because of their sins, salvation means obtaining eternal life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+6%3A23&version=NIV |title=Romans 6:23 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref name="유월절성찬식"/>When Jesus was teaching in the synagogue in Capernaum, He clearly said that no one has life unless they eat and drink His flesh and blood.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A53-54&version=NIV |title=John 6:53–54|publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Passover is the way to eat and drink the flesh and blood of Jesus, who is eternal life Himself. Jesus directly commanded His disciples to prepare the Passover,<ref name="예비"/> and told them to eat and drink the bread and wine representing His flesh and blood at the supper.<ref name="유월절성찬식"/> Since He came to save mankind, He eagerly desired to keep the Passover of the new covenant that contains the promise of the forgiveness of sins and eternal life.
{{quote5 |내용=Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has '''eternal life''', and I will raise him up at the last day.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A53-54&version=NIV John 6:53–54]}}

===Jesus’s Last Will, the New Covenant===
At the Passover Supper, Jesus proclaimed the Passover wine as “the new covenant” in His blood. He also told His disciples to keep the Passover in remembrance of Him, which means God’s people must keep it until the end without forgetting it.<ref name="새 언약"/> Since the new covenant was proclaimed the night before Jesus’ death, it is Jesus’ last will. A will takes effect only when somebody has died.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A15-17&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 9:15–17 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> The Passover of the new covenant, which is Jesus’ will, too, took effect as Jesus died. Even after Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross, the early Church continued to celebrate the Passover and commemorated His death.<ref name="죽으심"/> In order to commemorate Jesus’ love and sacrifice and preach the truth of salvation, the apostles and the members of the early Church kept the new covenant with all their heart, and did not lose faith even in the face of tribulation and persecution.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+11%3A33-38&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 11:33–38 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
{{quote5 |내용=Get rid of the old yeast that you may be a new batch without yeast--as you really are. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. Therefore let us keep the Festival, . . . |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7-8&version=NIV 1 Corinthians 5:7–8]}}

==See also==
* [[Passover]]
* [[God in the Flesh (Incarnation)]]
* [[Messiah]]
* [[Jesus Christ]]
* [[Life of Jesus]]
* [[The Major Works of Jesus Christ]]
* [[The Teachings of Jesus Christ]]
* [[Crucifixion]]

==Related videos==
* '''[FactPlus] Jesus’ Last Will'''
<youtube>3U-WJy8naTA</youtube>

==References==
<references />

{{아버지 진리 둘러보기}}

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]
[[Category:God the Father]]

Worship

2026-04-23T05:12:53Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:예배]][[vi:Thờ phượng]][[es:El culto]][[ne:आराधना]][[pt:Culto]]The word ''worship'' means “to honor or show reverence to a divine being.” Broadly speaking, worship can refer to any act of humbling oneself to honor God, including sacrifices in the Old Testament times. However, it is normally used to describe an act of serving God in a certain form such as praying or praising.
{{그림 |하나님의교회 세계복음선교협회 새예루살렘 판교성전 예배.jpg|너비= 400px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Worship service in the New Jerusalem Pangyo Temple of the World Mission Society Church of God}}

==Sacrifices in the Old Testament==
{{참고|Sacrifices in the Old Testament|설명=}}
[[file:High Priest Offering Sacrifice of a Goat.jpg |thumb | 300px |Sacrifice offered by the high priest with an animal]]
In the Old Testament times, they worshiped God through sacrifices. The origin of sacrifice dates back to the time of [[Adam]], the progenitor of mankind. Adam’s sons, [[Cain and Abel]], each presented offering to God in his own way. God accepted Abel’s sacrifice offered with a sheep, but He rejected Cain’s sacrifice offered with the fruits of the soil. God wanted the sacrifice offered through the sacrifice of animals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+4%3A1-5&version=NIV |title=Genesis 4:1–5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Since then, many forefathers of faith offered animal sacrifice, following Abel’s example.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+8%3A20-21&version=NIV |title=Genesis 8:20–21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+12%3A7&version=NIV |title=Genesis 12:7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+15%3A9&version=NIV |title= Genesis 15:9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The sacrifice of shedding animals’ blood was established as a codified law in the time of Moses. In the Old Testament times, the Israelites communed with God by offering a regular burnt offering every morning and afternoon, offering sacrifices every Sabbath day and at the seven feasts every year according to the Law. Additionally, they brought offerings suitable for their purpose and need and offered to God offered person. 

===Types of Sacrifices in the Old Testament===
The rituals of sacrifices carried out in the sanctuary in the Old Testament times were similar or duplicated in types, methods, and names, so it is not easy to distinguish them accurately. However, according to purpose, offering, and method, they can be roughly classified as follows.
* '''Classification by Purpose'''
:It is largely divided into a sin offering, a guilt offering, and a fellowship offering. Both the sin offering and the guilt offering contain the meaning of redemption from sin. When they sinned against God, they usually offered a sin offering; and when they violated social laws between men, they usually offered a guilt offering. The fellowship offering was used to give thanks to God for the forgiveness of sins or to pray to God. The person who offered the sacrifice could eat the offering together with the priest.
* '''Classification by Offering'''
:It can be classified as a burnt offering, a grain offering, and a drink offering. The burnt offering was the most basic and common sacrifice, and it was accomplished by burning an animal. The grain offering was literally an offering presented with grain, and there were several ways such as burning flour, oil, and incense and roasting bread. The drink offering was a sacrifice done by pouring wine, etc. The burnt offering was offered along with the grain offering or the drink offering.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+29%3A41-42&version=NIV |title=Exodus 29:41–42 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+15%3A5-6&version=NIV |title=Numbers 15:5–6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
* '''Classification by Method'''
:There was an offering by fire, a heave offering, and a wave offering. Burnt offerings and some grain offerings were offered by fire. A heave offering was an offering that was presented to God by holding it up; and a wave offering was an offering to present by waving it. On the Feast of Firstfruits, a sheaf of the first grain was waved and presented to God.

==Worship in the New Testament==
===From Sacrifice to Worship===
The Old Testament law is a shadow of the good things that are coming in the New Testament.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+10%3A1&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 10:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> According to the Law of Moses, the priests sacrificed animals. The Old Testament sacrifice, which granted the forgiveness of sins by sacrificing animals, is a prophecy showing that [[Christ]] will be sacrificed for the sins of mankind in the future. The blood of the sacrifices of the Old Testament symbolized Jesus’ precious blood shed on the cross.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+7%3A27&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 7:27 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Since Jesus sacrificed Himself as an eternal sin offering, there was no longer a need for the Old Testament sacrifices.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+5%3A6-11&version=NIV |title=Romans 5:6–11 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+10%3A8-18&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 10:8–18 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> In the New Testament times, we receive the forgiveness of sins and all blessings through the sacrifice of Jesus by worshiping in spirit and in truth.
[[file:Flemish School - Landscape with Christ and the Woman of Samaria - 872126 - National Trust.jpg |thumb | 300px |Jesus teaches the Samaritan woman to worship in spirit and truth.]]

===Teachings of Jesus===
{{quote5 |내용= Jesus declared, “Believe me, woman, a time is coming when you will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem. . . . Yet a time is coming and has now come when the true worshipers will '''worship the Father in spirit and truth''', for '''they are the kind of worshipers the Father seeks'''.” |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+4%3A21-23&version=NIV John 4:21–23]}}

In the days of Jesus, animals were sacrificed every day in accordance with the Old Testament law in [[Jerusalem]]. However, Jesus said, “nor in Jerusalem,” implying that it is no longer necessary to sacrifice animals according to the Old Testament. In the New Testament times, people worship God in spirit and truth just as Jesus showed an example and the apostles kept, following Jesus’ example.

==Purpose of Worship==
===To Receive the Forgiveness of Sins and Be Reconciled to God===
One of the greatest purposes of worship is the forgiveness of sins. Worship is the only ceremony for mankind, who has been separated from God because of their sins, to receive the forgiveness of sins and come to God.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+59%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 59:1–2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+4%3A13-20&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 4:13–20|publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+5%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 5:18–19|publisher= |quote=}}</ref> In the Old Testament times, the Israelites sacrificed animals to be forgiven of their sins, and they offered worship services with the blood of animals. In the New Testament times, however, Christ Himself, represented as the Lamb, sacrificed Himself for the forgiveness of sins of mankind.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7&version=NIV|title=1 Corinthians 5:7|publisher=|quote=}}</ref> Through this, people are freed from the chains of sin, and the way is opened to be reconciled to God, from whom they had been separated because of their sins.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+2%3A12-19&version=NIV |title=Ephesians 2:12–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> They should offer worship to God in order to remember and commemorate the love of Christ who sacrificed Himself for mankind, sinners.

=== To Confirm Their Relationship With God ===
God and His people meet and communicate spiritually through worship. God said that He made a covenant with His people through sacrifice, that is, worship.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+50%3A4-5&version=NIV |title=Psalms 50:4–5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Worship is designed to strengthen the covenant people have made with God the Creator and serve Him with conviction. Through worship, people acknowledge their relationship with God as Parents and children, King and people, Creator and creatures. There are many gods and lords in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+8%3A5&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 8:5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> If they do not serve only God completely, they won’t be able to avoid destruction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+10%3A11&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 10:11 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Through worship, they serve the true God only, which enables them to become more connected to God with an inseparable cord of love.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+26%3A12&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 26:12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+4%3A23&version=NIV |title=John 4:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

===To Give Thanks and Glory to God===
God is the Creator of all things in the universe. He gave life and breath to human beings, saved them who had become sinners, and promised them the kingdom of heaven through the words of truth. God established the plan of redemption and fulfills His will while people don’t realize it.
{{quote5 |내용= “'''You are worthy, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power''', for you created all things, and by your will they were created and have their being.” |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+4%3A11&version=NIV Revelation 4:11]}}

God’s people live in the grace of God, receiving His love and care every day. Worshiping God, who is worthy to receive glory, honor, and thanks, is a ritual that God’s people ought to perform.

==Blessing of Worship==
Worship service contains God’s will to bless those who serve God with the right of heavenly people and of God’s children, and also to make everything go well with them in the end. When God’s people give thanks and glory to God in spirit and truth, God grants them many blessings. The blessing of worship can be confirmed through the promises of God contained in the sacrifices of the Old Testament.
* The Old Testament sacrifice was the only way for sinners, who had been separated from God because of their sins,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+59%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 59:1–2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> to receive the forgiveness of sins and come to God.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+4%3A13-20&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 4:13–20|publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+5%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 5:18–19|publisher= |quote=}}</ref> The '''forgiveness of sins''' is the purpose of worship for the saints who hope for salvation, but it is also a great blessing from God.
* When they offer a sacrifice (worship), they can prosper both physically and spiritually. [[Solomon]] received wisdom from God by offering a thousand burnt offerings and became the wisest king of his time, and his kingdom greatly prospered under God’s blessing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+3%3A4-14&version=NIV |title=1 Kings 3:4–14 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> The house of Obed-Edom, where [[Ark of the Covenant|the ark of the covenant]] was kept, was greatly blessed, which shows that those who worship and serve God in the temple will be blessed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+6%3A9-11&version=NIV |title=2 Samuel 6:9–11 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
* When people keep worship according to God’s commandments, they will receive the '''blessing of spiritual wisdom and understanding'''. The prophet Isaiah prophesied that people will lose wisdom and understanding if they obey the rules of men.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+29%3A13-14&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 29:13–14 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The rules of men refer to false worship such as [[Lord’s Day Worship (Sunday Worship)|Sunday worship]] and [[Christmas]] which are not found in the Bible. If they practice false worship, that is, rules of men that are not found in the Bible, they will never enter the kingdom of heaven. Only when they keep the worship services and the feasts commanded by God, can they receive wisdom and understanding through the blood of Christ, so that they can fully realize the mystery of God and the administration of redemption.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+1%3A7-9&version=NIV |title=Ephesians 1:7–9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
*The '''meaning and blessing contained in the worship of the feasts''' is even more special. Since different blessings of God are promised in each and every one of the [[The Feasts of God|seven feasts in three times]], people can all receive God’s blessings when they keep the feast worship. Feast worship is the passage through which they can receive numerous blessings such as the forgiveness of sins, eternal life, the blessing of being protected from disasters, the living hope for resurrection, the promise of ascension, and the gifts of the Holy Spirit. In the [[Sabbath]] worship, which is a weekly feast, is promised the blessing of being acknowledged as God’s people and entering the eternal rest.

==Day of Worship==
God’s people keep the weekly feasts and the annual feasts according to the regulations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A1-44&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:1–44 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

===Weekly Feasts===
* '''Sabbath''': The Sabbath is a weekly feast, which commemorates the power of God the Creator. The Sabbath in the Bible is the seventh day, Saturday.
* '''Third Day Worship''': The Third Day Worship, when they can receive the blessing of being sanctified, is held on the third day, Tuesday evening.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+19%3A1-22&version=NIV |title=Numbers 19:1–22 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

===Annual Feasts===
As for the annual feasts, there is the [[Passover]], the [[The Feast of Unleavened Bread|Feast of Unleavened Bread]], the [[Day of Resurrection]] (Feast of Firstfruits), the [[Pentecost]] (Feast of Weeks), the [[Feast of Trumpets]], the [[Day of Atonement]], and the [[Feast of Tabernacles]]. Each of the seven feasts, which are observed in three times, has its own prophetic meaning and blessings.

===Special Worship===
A special worship service is held when there is a special purpose. Special worship services can be offered on special occasions.

==Forms of Worship==
Although there is no standardized worship service recorded in the Bible, the format of worship of the early Church is seen through the work of Jesus and the apostles. In the early Church, worship was held in various places: the homes of the saints, the outdoor spaces, [[The Synagogue|synagogues]] where many Jews gathered, etc.
* '''Sermon''': Jesus set an example of giving a sermon in a synagogue on the Sabbath day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+1%3A21&version=NIV |title=Mark 1:21|publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+4%3A16&version=NIV |title=Luke 4:16|publisher= |quote=}}</ref> The apostles too gave a sermon while keeping worship in a synagogue.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+13%3A13-44&version=NIV |title=Acts 13:13–44 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
* '''Prayer''': Worship was also a time of prayer. When the Bible recorded that Paul and Silas were looking for a place to keep the Sabbath worship, it described it as them “looking for a place of prayer.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+16%3A13&version=NIV |title=Acts 16:13|publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
* '''Praise''': An act of praising is also accompanied during worship. Apostle Paul taught that the saints should praise, teach the word of God, etc. in an orderly way when they gather.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+14%3A26-40&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 14:26–40 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
* '''Feast Ceremony''': According to the meaning of the feast worship, special ceremonies are held on some feasts. The Bible records holding the Holy Supper on the Passover, and breaking bread on the Resurrection Day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11%3A23-26&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 11:23–26 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+20%3A7&version=NIV |title=Acts 20:7 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Sacrifices in the Old Testament]]
*[[Order of Priest]]
*[[The Commandments of God]]
*[[New Covenant]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]
[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]

Zion and the Feasts

2026-04-23T05:12:31Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:시온과 절기]][[vi:Siôn và lễ trọng thể]][[es:Sion y las fiestas]][[ne:सियोन र चाडहरू]][[pt:Sião e as Festas Solenes]]{{그림 |최후의 만찬 유월절.jpg |너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Jesus established the spiritual Zion by keeping the feasts of the new covenant.}}
'''Zion''' and the '''feasts''' are inseparable. It is because Zion is the place appointed for God’s feasts to be celebrated holy. In the Old Testament times, the Israelites were blessed in Zion by offering sacrifices on the feasts according to the Law of Moses. Today, the saints are blessed with eternal life when they keep the feasts of the new covenant in [[spiritual Zion]]. Spiritual Zion was established by Jesus with the feasts of the new covenant in the New Testament times. There are seven annual feasts of God—the [[Passover]], the [[The Feast of Unleavened Bread|Feast of Unleavened Bread]], the [[Feast of Firstfruits|Feast of Firstfruits]] ([[Day of Resurrection|Day of Resurrection]]), the [[Feast of Weeks]] ([[Pentecost]]), the [[Feast of Trumpets]], the [[Day of Atonement]], and the [[Feast of Tabernacles]]; and there is the [[Sabbath]] as a weekly feast.

==Meaning of Zion==
Zion was originally a hill in Palestine, and [[David]], the second king of Israel, conquered the fortress of Zion and made it the capital. When King Solomon built the temple of God in that area, Zion came to refer to the place where the temple of God was located.

In the New Testament times, Jesus, the spiritual King of David<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+1%3A31-33&version=NIV |title=Luke 1:31–33 |publisher= }}</ref>, established spiritual Zion. In regard to this, the Old Testament prophesied that God would dwell in ''Zion'' forever<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+132%3A13-14&version=NIV |title=Psalms 132:13–14 |publisher= }}</ref> and give the blessing of eternal life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+133%3A1-3&version=NIV |title=Psalms 133:1–3 |publisher= }}</ref>

{{quote5 |내용= Look upon Zion, the city of our festivals; . . . There the LORD will be our Mighty One. . . . the sins of those who dwell there will be forgiven. |출처= [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+33%3A20-24&version=NIV Isaiah 33:20–24]}}

Zion mentioned here is spiritual Zion. It is because the forgiveness of sins and eternal life began to be given as Jesus came in the New Testament times.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+10%3A10&version=NIV |title=John 10:10 |publisher= }}</ref> The greatest characteristic of the spiritual Zion is that it is a place where [[The Feasts of God|God’s feasts]] are celebrated. The Bible teaches that God is with us in Zion and gives the forgiveness of sins. Since the wages of sin is death,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+6%3A23&version=NIV |title=Romans 6:23 |publisher= }}</ref> only when we receive the forgiveness of sins can we be freed from death and have eternal life. In order to receive salvation, we must find Zion, the true church that keeps the feasts of God. For this, we must first know about the feasts of God.

==Feasts Kept in Zion==
Among the feasts God commanded us to keep, there are the Sabbath, a weekly feast; and there are annual feasts kept in three times—the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Weeks, and the Feast of Tabernacles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+16%3A16-17&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 16:16–17 |publisher= }}</ref> In the book of Exodus, the Feast of Weeks is called the Feast of Harvest, and the Feast of Tabernacles is called the Feast of Ingathering.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+23%3A14-17&version=NIV |title=Exodus 23:14–17 |publisher= }}</ref> There are not only three annual feasts, but seven in total ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23&version=NIV Leviticus 23]). The three feasts are representative feasts among the seven feasts grouped into three times. So God’s annual feasts are called the ''seven feasts in three times''.

In the first time, there are the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread; and in the second time, there are the Day of Firstfruits and Pentecost; and in the third time, there are the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Tabernacles.

God instituted the feasts according to Moses’ work from the Exodus to the establishment of the [[Sanctuary (Tabernacle)|tabernacle]]. These feasts were not just the history of the past, but served as prophecies about what Jesus would do in the future. Since Jesus came as a prophet like Moses, the work of Moses was a shadow of Jesus’ work.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+18%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 18:18–19 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+3%3A20-24&version=NIV |title=Acts 3:20–24 |publisher= }}</ref> The origin of the seven feasts established according to the work of Moses and their fulfillments are as follows.

===Passover===
* Date: Evening of the 14th day of the first month by the sacred calendar
*Origin: The Israelites, who had been slaves in Egypt, were freed by the power of the Passover ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12&version=NIV Exodus 12]).
*Fulfillment of the Prophecy: The Israelites, who were enslaved in Egypt, are a shadow of human beings spiritually being slaves to sin in this sinful world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+8%3A32-34&version=NIV |title=John 8:32–34 |publisher= }}</ref> The Israelites were freed from Egypt through Moses by keeping the Passover with the flesh and blood of the lamb. This prophesied that God’s people would be freed from the sinful world through Jesus Christ by keeping the Passover. On this day, Jesus, who is the reality of the Passover lamb,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 5:7 |publisher= }}</ref> gave the forgiveness of sins and eternal life through the bread and wine that represent His flesh and blood, and established the new covenant.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A17-28&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:17–28 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A7-20&version=NIV |title=Luke 22:7–20 |publisher= }}</ref>
''{{참고|Passover|l1=Passover|설명=}}''

===Feast of Unleavened Bread===
* Date: The 15th day of the first month by the sacred calendar
*Origin: After celebrating the Passover, the Israelites left Egypt the next day and went through hardships until they finished crossing the Red Sea.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+14%3A1-25&version=NIV |title=Exodus 14:1–25 |publisher= }}</ref>
*Fulfillment of the Prophecy: To remember this suffering, the Israelites kept the Feast of Unleavened Bread by eating unleavened bread for seven days.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+16%3A3&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 16:3 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A5-6&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:5–6 |publisher= }}</ref> Jesus fulfilled the prophecy by going through hardships from that night after keeping the last Passover with His disciples and by being crucified the next day. In the New Testament times, we share in Christ’s sufferings by fasting on this day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+2%3A20&version=NIV |title=Mark 2:20 |publisher= }}</ref>
''{{참고|The Feast of Unleavened Bread|l1=The Feast of Unleavened Bread|설명=}}''

===Day of Firstfruits (Day of Resurrection)===
* Date: The day after the first Sabbath [the first Sunday] following the Feast of Unleavened Bread
*Origin: The Israelites safely crossed the Red Sea, and the Egyptian army that followed them drowned in the sea.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+14%3A26-31&version=NIV |title=Exodus 14:26–31 |publisher= }}</ref>
*Fulfillment of the Prophecy: Moses’ going into the Red Sea with the people represents Jesus’ going into the tomb; and their landing from the sea represents Jesus’ resurrection. Just as a sheaf of the first grain was offered to God on the day after the first Sabbath [on Sunday] after the Feast of Unleavened Bread in the Old Testament times,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A10-12&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:10–12 |publisher= }}</ref> Jesus was resurrected on Sunday as the firstfruits of those who had fallen asleep.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+15%3A20&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 15:20 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+16%3A9&version=NIV |title=Mark 16:9 |publisher= }}</ref>
''{{참고|Day of Firstfruits|Day of Resurrection|설명=}}''

===Feast of Weeks (Pentecost)===
{{그림 |오순절.jpg |너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=The apostles boldly preach the gospel after receiving the Holy Spirit on the Pentecost.}}
* Date: The 50th day after the Day of Firstfruits
*Origin: The day Moses went up to receive the first set of the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+24%3A12-18&version=NIV |title=Exodus 24:12–18 |publisher= }}</ref>
*Fulfillment of the Prophecy: On the Day of Pentecost, the 50th day from the day Jesus was resurrected, Jesus poured out [[the Holy Spirit]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+2%3A1-4&version=NIV |title=Acts 2:1–4 |publisher= }}</ref> As a result, a great revival took place in the early Church.
''{{참고|Feast of Weeks|Pentecost|설명=}}''

===Feast of Trumpets===
* Date: The 1st day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar
*Origin: While Moses was staying on Mount Sinai for forty days to receive the Ten Commandments, the Israelites worshiped the idol of a golden calf. When Moses saw this, he threw the tablets of the Ten Commandments and broke them, and that day, 3,000 people were killed.<ref name="출32">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+32%3A1-28&version=NIV |title=Exodus 32:1–28 |publisher= }}</ref> Afterwards, the people repented of their sins and took off all their ornaments, and Moses prayed for the people. As a result, he was able to receive the second set of the Ten Commandments on the 10th day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+34%3A1-35&version=NIV |title=Exodus 34:1–35 |publisher= }}</ref> God appointed the day Moses received the second set of the Ten Commandments as the Day of Atonement, and ten days before it as the Feast of Trumpets, so that the people could prepare for the Day of Atonement by blowing the trumpet of repentance.
*Fulfillment of the Prophecy: When Moses was so long in coming down from Mount Sinai, the Israelites became corrupt and worshiped a golden calf. It was a prophecy that as years passed after Jesus left, churches would become corrupt and celebrate the days of sun-god in the New Testament times. Just as trumpets were sounded to announce the Day of Atonement, the Advent Movement urging for repentance took place.
''{{참고|Feast of Trumpets|l1=Feast of Trumpets |설명=}}''

===Day of Atonement===
* Date: The 10th day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar
*Origin: The day Moses came down from the mountain after receiving the second set of the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments.<ref name="출32" />
*Fulfillment of the Prophecy: As the Ten Commandments were given again on the Day of Atonement, Christ’s work of mediation was resumed on the Day of Atonement on October 22, 1844 (the 10th day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar). On the Day of Atonement of the Old Testament, the high priest sent the scapegoat into the wilderness after placing all the sins of the Israelites on its head by laying his hands on it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+16%3A8-10&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 16:8–10 |publisher= }}</ref> This is a prophecy that Satan represented by the scapegoat, will be thrown into the fiery hell after being imprisoned in the abyss, bearing the sins of all people.
''{{참고|Day of Atonement|l1=Day of Atonement |설명=}}''

===Feast of Tabernacles===
* Date: From the 15th day to the 22nd day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar
*Origin: After coming down from Mount Sinai after receiving the second set of the Ten Commandments, Moses delivered to the Israelites God’s will to build the tabernacle. For seven days, starting on the fifteenth day of the month, the people brought in overflowing materials for the tabernacle.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+36%3A3-5&version=NIV |title=Exodus 36:3–5 |publisher= }}</ref>
*Fulfillment of the Prophecy: On the Feast of Tabernacles, the Israelites built tents out of thick branches and rejoiced for a week.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A39-43&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:39–43 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Nehemiah+8%3A9-18&version=NIV |title=Nehemiah 8:9–18 |publisher= }}</ref> Since the materials for the temple and tree branches represent the saints who will be saved,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3%3A12&version=NIV |title=Revelation 3:12 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+2%3A20-22&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 2:20–22 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+60%3A21&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 60:21 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+61%3A3&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 61:3 |publisher= }}</ref> the Feast of Tabernacles is a prophecy about the gospel work of gathering the saints who will be saved.
''{{참고|Feast of Tabernacles|l1=Feast of Tabernacles |설명=}}''

==The True Church Keeping the Feasts==
[[file:하나님의교회 유월절.jpg |thumb | 250px | The members of the Church of God keep the Passover of the new covenant holy.]]
In the Old Testament times, the Israelites were blessed by keeping God’s feasts in Zion, following the Law of Moses.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:1–2 |publisher= }}</ref> In the New Testament times, the church that [[Worship|worships]] holy and keeps<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+12%3A1&version=NIV |title=Romans 12:1 |publisher= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+4%3A23-24&version=NIV |title=John 4:23-24 |publisher= }}</ref> the seven feasts in three times, following the examples of Jesus, is the spiritual Zion where we can be blessed with eternal life.

Today, the World Mission Society Church of God is the only true church that keeps the feasts of God as the Bible teaches.

==See also==
* [[Zion]]
*[[The Feasts of God]]

==Related videos==
* '''Sermon: Zion Where the Feasts Are Celebrated'''
<youtube>qYjn8Pr7iKM</youtube>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]

The First Commandment

2026-04-23T05:12:12Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:첫째 계명]][[vi:Điều răn thứ nhất]][[es:El primer mandamiento]][[ne:पहिलो आज्ञा]][[pt:O Primeiro Mandamento]][[File:Jerusalem-Menora-36-Gesetzestafeln-2010-gje.jpg|thumb|230px|The Ten Commandments written in Hebrew (part of Knesset Menorah, a bronze Menorah in Israel) ]]The '''first''' among the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]] is, “'''You shall have no other gods before me'''.” This is the first commandment that [[God]] gave to His people when He proclaimed the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai. In the New Testament times, Jesus Christ said that the first commandment is to '''love God with all our heart and with all our soul and with all our mind'''. This is sometimes called the “the greatest commandment.” However, the New and [[Old Testaments]] do not conflict with each other in regard to the first commandment. It is because if we love God with all our heart, we will only serve God and no other gods.

There are not many people who fully understand the first commandment. There are even less people who know how to fulfill the first commandment. In the Old Testament, the Israelites, who were proud of their faith in God and love for Him, very frequently worshiped other gods and idols. The first commandment cannot be fulfilled through human thoughts and methods. The way we can worship only God and love Him without worshiping other gods is to keep [[The Commandments of God|God’s commandment]], the [[Passover]].

==The Content of the First Commandment==
===You Shall Have No Other Gods Before Me===
[[File:Guido Reni - Moses with the Tables of the Law - WGA19289.jpg|thumb|230px|The first of the Ten Commandments is, “You shall have no other gods before me.”''Moses with the Tables of the Law'' by Guido Reni, 1624]]
As the first of the Ten Commandments, God said, “You shall have no other gods before me.”

{{quote5 |내용= “'''You shall have no other gods before me'''.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A3&version=NIV Exodus 20:3] }}

The first commandment has two meanings. They are, “Do not worship any other gods,” and “Serve only Me [God].” God did not make a dictatorial request to “worship no other gods besides Him” for no reason. The reason God gave the first commandment is because He is the Savior who saved Israel from slavery in Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+13%3A3&version=NIV|title=Exodus 13:3|quote= }}</ref> So when He gave the first commandment, God said beforehand, “I am God who led you out of Egypt.”
* “I am the LORD '''your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery'''. '''You shall have no other gods before me'''.” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A2-3&version=NIV Exodus 20:2–3])
* “I am the LORD '''your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery'''. '''You shall have no other gods before me'''.” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+5%3A6-7&version=NIV Deuteronomy 5:6–7])
The day God led the Israelites out of Egypt was the Passover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A27-42&version=NIV|title=Exodus 12:27–42|quote= }}</ref> Because He led the Israelites with His mighty hand on the night of the Passover, He told them to celebrate the Passover, the day of redemption, and not to worship any other gods except God the Redeemer.

===Love God With All Your Heart===
[[File:The great commandment 1585 print by Ambrosius Francken I, S.II 136378, Prints Department, Royal Library of Belgium.jpg|thumb|230px|''The great commandment'' by Ambrosius Francken I, 1585]]
When an expert in the law asked Jesus what the greatest commandment was in the Law, Jesus replied: “ ‘Love God with all your heart, soul, and mind.’ This is the first commandment.”

{{quote5 |내용=One of them, an expert in the law, tested him with this question: “Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?” Jesus replied: “ ‘'''Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind'''.’ This is the '''first and greatest commandment'''.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+22%3A35-38&version=NIV Matthew 22:35–38] }}

When we love God with all our heart, with all our soul, and with all our mind, we can worship God only and no other gods. However, just because a person thinks he loves God or says that he loves God, that does not mean that he can be acknowledged by God as a person who loves God with all his heart, mind, and soul. 

==The Passover Fulfills the First Commandment==
===The Passover Contains the Promise of Judging Other Gods===
The first of the Ten Commandments, “You shall have no other gods before me,” includes the command, “Worship only God,” and “Do not serve any other gods.” The [[Passover]] is the truth that allows us to keep these two commands. It is because God established the Passover as the day to judge other gods.

====History of the Exodus====
[[File:Figures The Israelites Eat the Passover.jpg|thumb|230px|The first Passover celebrated at the time of the Exodus]]
The Passover was first established at the time of the [[The Exodus|Exodus]] of the Israelites.

{{quote5 |내용= “[I]t is the LORD’s '''Passover'''. On that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn—both men and animals—and '''I will bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt'''. I am the LORD.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A11-12&version=NIV Exodus 12:11–12] }}

God said that judgment would be brought on all the other gods on the Passover. When all other gods are judged, the only god left is God, who is the true God. When we realize the Passover and keep it, we will automatically serve only God and no other gods. This way, we will be able to obey the first commandment. 

====Time of King Hezekiah====
[[File:Hezekiah.jpg|thumb|230px|Hezekiah and the people of Judah destroying various idols after keeping the Passover]]
Until the time of Hezekiah, the thirteenth king of the southern Kingdom of Judah, the Passover had not been celebrated for a long time in Judah. After Hezekiah was enthroned, he repaired the temple<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+29%3A2-3&version=NIV|title=2 Chronicles 29:2–3|quote= }}</ref> and kept the Passover with the people.

{{quote5 |내용=Hezekiah sent word to all Israel and Judah and also wrote letters to Ephraim and Manasseh, inviting them to come to the temple of the LORD in Jerusalem and celebrate the Passover to the LORD, the God of Israel. . . . They decided to send a proclamation throughout Israel, from Beersheba to Dan, calling the people to come to Jerusalem and '''celebrate the Passover''' to the LORD, the God of Israel. It had not been celebrated in large numbers according to what was written.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+30%3A1&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 2 Chronicles 30:1], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+30%3A5&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 5] }}

After the people celebrated the Passover, they destroyed other gods.

{{quote5 |내용=When all this had ended, the Israelites who were there went out to the towns of Judah, '''smashed the sacred stones and cut down the Asherah poles. They destroyed the high places and the altars throughout Judah and Benjamin and in Ephraim and Manasseh'''. After they had destroyed all of them, the Israelites returned to their own towns and to their own property.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+31%3A1&version=NIV 2 Chronicles 31:1] }}

Until they kept the Passover, Hezekiah and the people had worshiped other gods unknowingly, and kept various idols around them such as sacred stones and Asherah poles. However, after keeping the Passover, they destroyed all the detestable gods they had worshiped.

====Time of King Josiah====
[[File:The Removal and Destruction of The Chariot and The Horses of The Sun 1569 print by Maarten van Heemskerck, NHD 44 -S.II 111910, Prints Department, Royal Library of Belgium.jpg|thumb|230px|Josiah and the people destroying the idols after realizing the Passover]]
In the eighteenth year of Josiah, the sixteenth king of the southern Kingdom of Judah, the king and the people removed the idols from the temple after they realized a covenant of God recorded in the Book of the Law. This covenant was the Passover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+23%3A21-24&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 23:21–24|quote= }}</ref>

{{quote5 |내용= The king [Josiah] stood by the pillar and renewed the covenant in the presence of the LORD—to '''follow the LORD and keep his commands, regulations and decrees with all his heart and all his soul, thus confirming the words of the covenant [Passover] written in this book'''. Then all the people pledged themselves to the covenant. The king ordered Hilkiah the high priest, the priests next in rank and the doorkeepers to '''remove from the temple of the LORD all the articles made for Baal and Asherah and all the starry hosts. He burned them outside Jerusalem in the fields of the Kidron Valley''' and took the ashes to Bethel.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+23%3A3-4&version=NIV 2 Kings 23:3–4] }}

King Josiah believed in God and tried to live according to God’s will, but he had kept idols in the temple of God for eighteen years since he was enthroned.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+22%3A3-11&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 22:3–11|quote= }}</ref> When Josiah realized the Passover, he destroyed all the idols in the whole country and destroyed the golden calves and the high places that Jeroboam, the first king of the northern Kingdom of Israel, had made.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+23%3A15&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 23:15|quote= }}</ref>

* '''The Sin of Jeroboam'''
:Jeroboam, the first king of the northern Kingdom of Israel, tried to keep the people from going to Jerusalem to celebrate [[The Feasts of God|God’s feasts]], including the Passover. So he made two golden calves, set up one in Bethel and the other in Dan, and said to the people, “O Israel, here are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt.” He also appointed days of his own choosing as feasts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+12%3A25-33&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 12:25–33|quote= }}</ref> This led the northern Kingdom of Israel to forsake the feasts of God and to worship other gods on the pretext of believing in God. This history also shows that if we do not keep the Passover, we come to worship other gods, not even realizing we are.

====Repeated History====
[[File:Claes Moeyaert - Sacrifice of Jeroboam - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|230px|''Jeroboam Sacrificing to His Idols'' by Claes Corneliszoon Moeyaert, 1641]]
God’s promise to judge other gods through the Passover did not only apply to the time of the Exodus. In any age, whenever people realized the Passover and kept it, all the other gods were destroyed. On the contrary, whenever they forsook the Passover, they came to worship other gods though claiming to believe in God. This repeated over and over again.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ecclesiastes+3%3A15&version=NIV|title=Ecclesiastes 3:15|quote=}}</ref> Until the Passover was celebrated in the days of Hezekiah and Josiah, the people kept idols and worshiped them. Likewise, even though we believe in God today, if we do not keep the Passover, we come to serve other gods unknowingly. That is why the churches that do not keep the Passover observe Sunday worship, the holy day of the sun god, and Christmas, the birthday of the sun god.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.watv.org/truth/qna/content.asp?idx=1524&page=6 |title=Q. The Biblical Sabbath Is Saturday. Then, Why Do Most Churches Worship on Sunday? |website=English.watv.org |publisher= |date= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/sun-worship#:~:text=During%20the%20later,birthday%20of%20Christ.|title= Sun worship|website=Britannica |publisher=|date= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel+8%3A16&version=NIV|title=Ezekiel 8:16|quote= }}</ref> However, [[World Mission Society Church of God|the Church of God]], which keeps the Passover by following the example of Christ, does not keep any of the pagan customs such as [[Lord’s Day Worship (Sunday Worship)|Sunday worship]], [[Christmas]], [[Cross|cross-reverence]], or [[Easter eggs]].

Therefore, the first commandment, “You shall have no other gods before me,” can only be fulfilled by keeping the Passover.

===The Passover Allows You to Love God With All Your Heart===
====The Sign on the Hand and the Reminder on Your Forehead====
[[File:Biddende joodse man, RP-P-2015-26-2086.jpg|thumb|200px|By Hermann Struck, 1913: Jews wear Tefillin (''תְּפִלִּין,'' black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses) on their foreheads and hands.]]
[[Moses]] said that the first commandment, “Love God with all your heart, soul, and strength,” should be a symbol on the hands and foreheads.
{{quote5 |내용=Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one. '''Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength'''. These commandments that I give you today are to be upon your hearts. Impress them on your children. Talk about them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up. Tie them as '''symbols on your hands''' and bind them '''on your foreheads'''.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+6%3A4-8&version=NIV Deuteronomy 6:4–8] }}

However, in the book of [[The Exodus|Exodus]] which was also written by Moses, it is written that the Passover should be the sign on the hand and the reminder on the forehead.
{{quote5 |내용=“On that day tell your son, ‘I do '''this''' because of '''what the LORD did for me when I came out of Egypt'''.’ This observance will be for you like a '''sign on your hand''' and a '''reminder on your forehead''' that the law of the LORD is to be on your lips.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+13%3A8-9&version=NIV Exodus 13:8–9] }}

What God did for the Israelites when they came out of Egypt is that He destroyed the firstborn of Egypt through disaster and protected the Israelites who kept the Passover. On the night of the Passover, the Israelites were delivered from Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A27-42&version=NIV|title=Exodus 12:27–42|quote= }}</ref> Therefore, this ceremony, which is to be the sign on the hand and a reminder on the forehead, refers to the Passover. These words indicate that the first commandment, “Love God with all your heart,” and the Passover are in fact the same. 

====Josiah Fulfilled the First Commandment====
In the Bible, there is a person who was acknowledged to have loved God with all his heart. He is King Josiah of the southern Kingdom of Judah.
{{quote5 |내용=Neither before nor after '''Josiah''' was there a king like him who '''turned to the LORD as he did—with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his strength, in accordance with all the Law of Moses'''.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+23%3A25&version=NIV 2 Kings 23:25] }}

Josiah was written as someone who turned to God with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his strength, in accordance with all the Law of God. This means that Josiah fully obeyed all the law, including the first commandment, “Love God with all your heart.” Josiah received this acknowledgment after keeping the Passover which had not been kept for a long time.
{{quote5 |내용= The king gave this order to all the people: “Celebrate the '''Passover''' to the LORD your God, as it is written in this Book of the Covenant.” Not since the days of the judges who led Israel, nor throughout the days of the kings of Israel and the kings of Judah, had any such Passover been observed. But in the eighteenth year of King Josiah, this Passover was celebrated to the LORD in Jerusalem. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+23%3A21-23&version=NIV 2 Kings 23:21–23] }}

By keeping the Passover, Josiah fully obeyed the first commandment, “Love God with all your heart.”

====New Covenant Passover====
{{그림 |최후의 만찬 유월절.jpg|너비= 250px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=The Passover of the new covenant kept by Jesus before the crucifixion}}
The equivalence of the First Commandment and the Passover is not limited to the Old Testament times. Two thousand years ago, Jesus established the Passover of [[New Covenant|the new covenant]]. As God who was [[God in the Flesh (Incarnation)|incarnated]], Jesus suffered the shedding of blood on the cross for the salvation of mankind. The last thing he kept with His disciples before His suffering was the New Covenant Passover, which is well-known as '''''[[The Last Supper]]'''''. Jesus promised the Passover bread to be His flesh that would be torn on the cross, and the Passover wine to be His blood that would be shed on the cross.
{{quote5 |내용=And he said to them, “I have eagerly desired to eat this '''Passover''' with you before I suffer.” . . . And he took '''bread''', gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is '''my body''' given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” In the same way, after the supper he took the '''cup [wine]''', saying, “This cup is the '''new covenant''' in '''my blood''', which is poured out for you.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A15&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV Luke 22:15], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A19-20&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 19–20] }}

The Passover of the new covenant is the truth that allows us to realize the love and sacrifice of Jesus who opened the way of salvation through the pain of being crucified and shedding His blood. Those who are saved through the Passover and realize God’s love are bound to love God with all their heart. Therefore, even in the New Testament times, we come to love God with all our heart when we keep the Passover of the new covenant. Thus, regardless of age, the first commandment, “Love God with all your heart,” can be fulfilled through the Passover.

==See also==
* [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]]
* [[Passover]]
* [[The New Covenant Passover|New Covenant Passover]]
* [[New Commandment]]

==External links==
* [https://watv.org/ Church of God Official Website]
* [https://ahnsahnghong.com/en/ Christ Ahnsahnghong Official Website]

==Related videos==
* '''Sermon: The First Commandment & the Passover'''
<youtube>GPriKAB8NEc</youtube>

* '''Sermon: You Shall Have No Other Gods Before Me'''
<youtube>sh2MBInIOpU</youtube>

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]

New Covenant

2026-04-23T05:11:47Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:새 언약]][[vi:Giao ước mới]][[es:Nuevo pacto]][[ne:नयाँ करार]][[pt:A Nova Aliança]]{{그림 |최후의 만찬 유월절.jpg|너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Jesus established the new covenant at the Holy Supper of the Passover.}}
The literal meaning of the '''new covenant''' is “new promise.” In Christianity, it refers to the new promise made by [[Jesus Christ]] for the salvation of mankind. On the contrary, the covenant established in the time of Moses is called the [[The Old Covenant|old covenant]], meaning the “promise made a long time ago.” From this expression, were made the terms [[The New Testament|New Testament]] and [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]].

The new covenant first appears in the book of [[Jeremiah (Prophet)|Jeremiah]] in the Old Testament. God [[Jehovah]] prophesied that He would make a new covenant. The One who established the new covenant is [[God in the Flesh (Incarnation)|God who came in the flesh]], whose name is Jesus. Jesus established the new covenant at the [[Passover]] Holy Supper which He kept with His disciples before His suffering on the cross. In the [[Gospel of John]], it is written as a “[[New Commandment|new command.]]”

==The New Covenant Established by God==
===The New Covenant Prophesied to Be Made by God===
The prophet [[Jeremiah (Prophet)|Jeremiah]] of the Old Testament prophesied that the LORD God would make the new covenant.

{{quote5 |내용=“The time is coming,” declares the '''LORD''', “when '''I will make a new covenant''' with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. . . .” . . . “This is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after that time,” declares the LORD. “'''I will put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people.'''”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+31%3A31-33&version=NIV Jeremiah 31:31–33] }}

Since He said that He would make a new covenant, it is a prophecy about the New Testament times. [[God]] acknowledges those who have the new covenant written on their hearts, meaning, those who keep the new covenant, which is God’s law, as “My people” and promised to be their God.

===Jesus Christ Establishes the New Covenant===
[[File:The Last Supper.jpg|thumb|''The Last Supper'' by Pascal-Adolphe-Jean Dagnan-Bouveret, 1896: The Passover is the core truth of the new covenant.]]
It was Jesus Christ who established the new covenant, which was prophesied in the Old Testament times to be established by the LORD Himself. Jesus—God who came in the flesh for the salvation of mankind—proclaimed the new covenant at the Holy Supper of the Passover.

{{quote5 |내용=And he said to them, “I have eagerly desired to eat this '''Passover''' with you before I suffer.” . . . And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, “This cup is the '''new covenant in my blood''', which is poured out for you.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A15&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV Luke 22:15], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A19-20&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 19–20] }}

Jesus said that the Passover wine, which represents His blood, is the new covenant. This means that the core truth of the new covenant that Jesus established is the Passover of the new covenant. The reason He made the Passover the core of the new covenant is because it contains the sacrifice and love of Christ.

At the Holy Supper of the Passover, the day before His crucifixion, Jesus promised that the Passover bread would be His flesh to be torn on the cross and that the Passover wine would be His blood to be shed on the cross. Through the Passover, God let us remember the love of Christ who endured the pain of death to forgive us of our sins. So the apostles said that they proclaimed the Lord’s death whenever they kept [[The New Covenant Passover|the Passover of the new covenant]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11%3A23-26&version=NIV|title=1 Corinthians 11:23–26|quote=}}</ref> and they called it the “will” of Christ.

{{quote5 |내용=For this reason '''Christ''' is the '''mediator of a new covenant''', that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance—now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant. In the case of a will (testament, KJV), '''it is necessary to prove the death of the one who made it''', because a will (testament, KJV) is in force only when somebody has died; '''it never takes effect while the one who made it is living'''.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A15-17&version=NIV Hebrews 9:15–17] }}

In ancient times, when Moses preached God’s laws and commandments to the people, they promised to obey all of them. Then, Moses sprinkled the blood of the sacrifice and established a covenant (old covenant) between God and the people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+24%3A8&version=NIV |title=Exodus 24:8|publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A18-22&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 9:18–22 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> When the new covenant was established, the shedding of blood was needed, too. Jesus Christ became the ransom of mankind and shed His blood on the cross.<ref name="대속물">[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+20%3A28&version=NIV Matthew 20:28]</ref> Jesus fulfilled the new covenant, the promise of salvation, through His death just as it was written, “A will takes effect only when somebody has died.”

The new covenant was established through the sacrifice of Jesus. Therefore, those who keep the New Covenant Passover and engrave Christ’s love and sacrifice on their hearts become God's people who have the new covenant written in their hearts.

==The Old Covenant and the New Covenant==
[[File:Gérôme, Jean-Léon - Moses on Mount Sinai Jean-Léon Gérôme -1895-1900.jpg|thumb|''Moses on Mount Sinai'' by Jean-Léon Gérôme, 1895–1900: The old covenant proclaimed on Mount Sinai is a covenant God commanded on earth, but the new covenant is a covenant commanded from heaven.]]
===Shadow and Reality===
The new covenant is the reality of the old covenant, the [[The Law of Moses]]. The old covenant was established as a copy and shadow of the new covenant that Christ would establish. Therefore, we can know the reality of the new covenant through the law of the old covenant.

{{quote5 |내용=The '''law''' is only a '''shadow''' of the good things that are coming—not the realities themselves. For this reason it can never, by the same sacrifices repeated endlessly year after year, make perfect those who draw near to worship.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+10%3A1&version=NIV Hebrews 10:1] }}

In the Old Testament times, animals such as sheep and goats were sacrificed for the forgiveness of the Israelites. This is a copy and shadow of Christ’s sacrifice on the cross, a ransom for the sins of many.<ref name="대속물" /> The feasts of the Old Testament, which were sacrifice offered to God, are also a shadow of the feasts of the new covenant, commemorating the sacrifice of Christ.

===The Old Covenant Fulfilled by the New Covenant===
The new covenant is the complete covenant, which Jesus fulfilled by changing the old law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+7%3A12&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 7:12|quote=}}</ref> Jesus said that He did not come into the world to abolish the law, but to fulfill it.

{{quote5 |내용=“Do not think that I have come to abolish the '''Law''' or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but '''to fulfill them'''.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+5%3A17&version=NIV Matthew 5:17] }}

Apostle Paul explained that Jesus fulfilled the prophecy of Jeremiah that God would make a new covenant, and said that the old covenant would disappear as the new covenant was established.

{{quote5 |내용= For if there had been nothing wrong with that first covenant, no place would have been sought for '''another'''. But God found fault with the people and said: “The time is coming, declares the Lord, when I will make a '''new covenant''' with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. . . . This is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after that time, declares the Lord. I will put my laws in their minds and write them on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people. . . .” By calling this covenant “new,” he has made the first one obsolete; and what is obsolete and aging will soon disappear.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+8%3A7-10&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV Hebrews 8:7–10], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+8%3A13&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 13] }}

The first covenant, the old covenant, had flaws. This means that man cannot be completely saved through the Law of Moses, the old covenant. That is why Jesus established the new covenant, the perfect law, so that mankind can receive complete salvation. Apostle Paul referred to the new covenant as the law of Christ, meaning the law established by Jesus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+9%3A20-21&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 9:20–21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

===The New Covenant Established in Zion===
[[File:Hubert van Eyck 027.jpg|thumb|''The Prophet Micah'' by Hubert van Eyck: Micah prophesied that the law of God would come out of Zion.]]
The old covenant was established by God on Mount Sinai through [[Moses]]<ref name="시내산">[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Nehemiah+9%3A13-14&version=NIV Nehemiah 9:13–14] </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A1-17&version=NIV|title=Exodus 20:1–17|quote=}}</ref> and kept by the Israelites. The new covenant was established on Mount [[Zion]], where the feasts are celebrated. Zion is the present city of Jerusalem and its outskirts, but spiritually Zion is wherever the feasts of the new covenant are celebrated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+33%3A20-22&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 33:20–22|quote=}}</ref> Also, the new covenant is not only kept by the Israelites like the old covenant, but by many nations. Many prophets prophesied about this as follows:
* '''Isaiah'''
::In the '''last days''' the mountain of the LORD’s temple will be established as chief among the mountains; it will be raised above the hills, and '''all nations''' will stream to it. '''Many peoples''' will come and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob. He will teach us his ways, so that we may walk in his paths.” '''The law will go out from Zion''', the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+2%3A2-3&version=NIV Isaiah 2:2–3])
* '''Micah'''
::In the '''last days''' the mountain of the LORD's temple will be established as chief among the mountains; it will be raised above the hills, and '''peoples''' will stream to it. Many nations will come and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob. He will teach us his ways, so that we may walk in his paths.” '''The law will go out from Zion''', the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Micah+4%3A1-2&version=NIV Micah 4:1–2]) 

According to these prophecies, Jesus established the new covenant while keeping the feast of the Passover with His disciples.<ref name="새 언약">[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A15&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV Luke 22:15], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A19-20&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 19–20] </ref> Unlike the old covenant which was established on Mount Sinai with a majestic voice of God and the sound of trumpet in the midst of blazing fire, black cloud, darkness and storm,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+24%3A12-18&version=NIV|title=Exodus 24:12–18|quote=}}</ref> the new covenant was established quietly in Mark’s upper room during the holy supper of the Passover. However, Apostle Paul said that the old covenant declared on Mount Sinai was spoken on earth, and that the new covenant declared in Mark’s upper room was spoken from heaven.<ref name="하늘">[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+12%3A25&version=NIV Hebrews 12:25] </ref>

==The Regulations of the New Covenant==
[[File:Signorelli - Predella with Stories of the Passion The Last Supper, Prayer in the Garden and Capture of Christ, Ascent to Calvary, and the Flagellation, 1512-1520 ca.jpg|thumb|''The Last Supper'' and ''Flagellation'' by Luca Signorelli, 1512–1520: The words of Jesus and the decrees He kept after He was baptized until He died on the cross are the regulations of the new covenant that the saints must follow.]]
With the coming of Jesus, the [[Order of Priest|order of priests]], that is, the priesthood, was changed and the law was also changed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+7%3A12&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 7:12|quote=}}</ref> The subject of the renewed law, that is, the new covenant, is Jesus Christ. The words Jesus Himself taught and the decrees He kept as a lesson for us are important lessons that should be practiced by [[Christian|Christians]]. We should follow the examples of the apostles who were taught directly by Jesus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A15&version=NIV|title=John 13:15|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+28%3A20&version=NIV|title=Matthew 28:20|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Philippians+4%3A9&version=NIV|title=Philippians 4:9|quote=}}</ref>

===Baptism===
[[Baptism]] is a practice of being immersed in water or soaking the body with water to put off the sinful body and be reborn into a new life and become a Christian.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+2%3A12&version=NIV|title=Colossians 2:12|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+3%3A21&version=NIV|title=1 Peter 3:21|quote= }}</ref> In the Old Testament times, the Israelites were [[Circumcision|circumcised]] as a sign of becoming God’s people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+17%3A10-14&version=NIV|title=Genesis 17:10–14|quote= }}</ref> Circumcision in the Old Testament was completed through baptism in the New Testament.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+2%3A11-12&version=NIV|title=Colossians 2:11–12 |quote=}}</ref> Jesus baptized people,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+3%3A22&version=NIV|title=John 3:22|quote=}}</ref> and He told His disciples to baptize all peoples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+28%3A19&version=NIV|title=Matthew 28:19|quote=}}</ref> Apostle Peter, who was directly taught by Jesus, preached to people that they should be baptized and receive the forgiveness of sins,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+2%3A38&version=NIV|title=Acts 2:38|quote=}}</ref> and Apostle Paul said that a new life is given through baptism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+6%3A3-4&version=NIV|title=Romans 6:3–4|quote=}}</ref> Thus, baptism is a law of the new covenant that saints must follow in order to receive salvation in the New Testament times.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+16%3A16&version=NIV|title=Mark 16:16|quote=}}</ref>

===The Sabbath of the New Covenant===
In the Old Testament times, priests slaughtered lambs and shed their blood on the [[Sabbath]] day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+28%3A9-10&version=NIV|title=Numbers 28:9–10|quote=}}</ref> In the New Testament times, Jesus appeared as the reality of the sacrificial lambs,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+1%3A29&version=NIV|title=John 1:29|quote=}}</ref> and the system of the New Covenant Sabbath was changed to the way of [[Worship|worshiping]] in spirit and truth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+4%3A24&version=NIV|title=John 4:24|quote=}}</ref> Instead of slaughtering lambs on the Sabbath, Jesus preached from the Scriptures, setting an example of worshiping in spirit and truth.
{{quote5 |내용= He went to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and on the '''Sabbath day''' he went into the synagogue, as was his custom. And he stood up to read.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+4%3A16&version=NIV Luke 4:16] }}

After the time of Jesus, the apostles too kept the Sabbath of the new covenant, following the example of Jesus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+17%3A2&version=NIV|title=Acts 17:2|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+18%3A4&version=NIV|title=Acts 18:4|quote=}}</ref>

===The Feast of Tabernacles of the New Covenant===
[[File:Jan Joest von Kalkar - Christus und die Samariterin am Jakobsbrunnen.jpg|thumb|200px|''Christ and the Samaritan Woman at the Jacob’s Well'' by Jan Joest van Calcar, 1508: Jesus promised to give the Samaritan woman the living water. ]]
Jesus promised the same blessings of the [[The Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] like the living water (the [[The Water of Life|water of life]]) while keeping the [[Feast of Tabernacles]].
{{quote5 |내용=But when the Jewish '''Feast of Tabernacles''' was near, . . . On the last and greatest day of the Feast, Jesus stood and said in a loud voice, “If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink. Whoever believes in me, as the Scripture has said, streams of living water will flow from within him.” By this he meant the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were later to receive.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+7%3A2&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV John 7:2], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+7%3A37-39&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 37–39] }}

The Feast of Tabernacles of the Old Testament was a feast to commemorate the construction of the tabernacle; they celebrated it by building booths with all different types of branches and dwelling in them for seven days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A34-43&version=NIV|title=Leviticus 23:34–43|quote=}}</ref> The Feast of Tabernacles of the new covenant is celebrated by gathering saints, who are described as the temple materials, after receiving the Holy Spirit Jesus promised to give.

===The Passover of the New Covenant===
The core truth of the new covenant is the Passover. In the Old Testament times, God commanded the Israelites to keep the Passover with the flesh and blood of a lamb to free them from slavery in Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A5-33&version=NIV|title=Exodus 12:5–33|quote=}}</ref> In the New Testament times, Jesus Christ gave the forgiveness of sins to mankind<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+6%3A16-23&version=NIV|title=Romans 6:16–23|quote=}}</ref> by coming into this world as the reality of the Passover lamb<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7-8&version=NIV|title=1 Corinthians 5:7–8|quote=}}</ref> and having them keep the Passover with the bread and wine that represent His flesh and blood to free them from slavery to death.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A19&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV Matthew 26:19], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A26-28&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 26–28]</ref> The Passover of the Old Testament, which was celebrated through the sacrifice of the lambs, was fulfilled as the Passover of the new covenant kept by eating and drinking bread and wine containing Jesus’ sacrifice.

===Pentecost of the New Covenant===
[[Pentecost]] is the day when the Holy Spirit, which Jesus promised the saints before His [[ascension]], descended.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+1%3A4-9&version=NIV |title=Acts 1:4–9|quote= }}</ref> The Holy Spirit, which was poured out on the Day of Pentecost, became the driving force behind the gospel work of the early Church.
{{quote5 |내용=When the day of '''Pentecost''' came, they were all together in one place. . . . All of them were filled with the '''Holy Spirit''' and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them. . . . Those who accepted his message were baptized, and about three thousand were added to their number that day.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+2%3A1-47&version=NIV Acts 2:1–47] }}

In the Old Testament, Pentecost was called the [[Feast of Weeks]], and it was a feast to commemorate the day Moses went up to Mount Sinai to receive the stone tablets of the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+24%3A12-18&version=NIV |title=Exodus 24:12–18 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> As Jesus poured down the Holy Spirit from heaven on this day, the Pentecost of the new covenant was completed.

==Comparison Between the Old Covenant and the New Covenant==
{| class= "wikitable" style="text-align:left; width"
|-style="color: white; background: #0F4C82"
|! width="50%" align="center"| '''Old Covenant''' ||! width="50%" align="center"| '''New Covenant'''
|-
|Declared at '''Mount Sinai'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Nehemiah+9%3A13-14&version=NIV|title=Nehemiah 9:13–14|quote= }}</ref>|| Declared at '''Mount Zion'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Micah+4%3A1-2&version=NIV|title=Micah 4:1–2|quote=}}</ref>
|-
| Priesthood: '''Order of Aaron'''|| Priesthood: '''Order of [[Melchizedek]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+7%3A11-12&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 7:11–12|quote=}}</ref>
|-
| Covenant commanded from the '''earth'''|| Covenant commanded from '''heaven'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+12%3A25&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 12:25|quote=}}</ref>
|-
|
'''Passover''' Kept by slaughtering lambs<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A5-11&version=NIV|title=Exodus 12:5–11|quote=}}</ref> '''Feast of Unleavened Bread''' Kept by eating unleavened bread for seven days<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A15&version=NIV|title=Exodus 12:15|quote= }}</ref> '''Feast of Firstfruits''' Kept by offering firstfruits by waving them<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A10-11&version=NIV|title=Leviticus 23:10–11 |quote= }}</ref> '''Feast of Weeks''' Kept by offering new grains<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A15-17&version=NIV|title=Leviticus 23:15–17 |quote=}}</ref> '''Feast of Trumpets''' Prayer weeks<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A24&version=NIV|title=Leviticus 23:24|quote=}}</ref> '''Day of Atonement''' Prayer with contrite hearts<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A27-28&version=NIV|title=Leviticus 23:27–28|quote= }}</ref> '''Feast of Tabernacles''' Assembly for seven days<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A34&version=NIV|title=Leviticus 23:34|quote=}}</ref>
||
'''Passover''' Kept with bread and wine<ref name="새 언약" /> '''Feast of Unleavened Bread''' Feast of Affliction kept by fasting<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+9%3A15&version=NIV|title=Matthew 9:15 |quote=}}</ref> '''[[Day of Resurrection]]''' Jesus’ resurrection<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+15%3A20&version=NIV|title=1 Corinthians 15:20|quote=}}</ref> '''Pentecost''' Day of the Holy Spirit’s descent<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+2%3A1-4&version=NIV|title=Acts 2:1–4|quote=}}</ref> '''Feast of Trumpets''' Prayer weeks '''Day of Atonement''' Prayer with contrite hearts '''Feast of Tabernacles''' Preaching festival for seven days<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+7%3A2%2C+37-39&version=NIV|title=John 7:2, 37–39|quote=}}</ref>
|}

==The New Covenant and the New Command==
[[File:Eugène Delacroix - Christ on the Cross - Walters 3762 (2).jpg|thumb|''Christ on the Cross'' by Eugène Delacroix, 1846: The bread and wine of the New Covenant Passover represent Jesus' flesh and blood, which were torn and shed on the cross.]]
In the [[Gospel of Luke]] 22, Jesus said that He was establishing the “new covenant,” and in the [[Gospel of John]] 13, Jesus said that He was giving a “new command.”
{{quote5 |내용=“A '''new command''' I give you: Love one another. '''As I have loved you, so you must love one another'''.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A34&version=NIV John 13:34] }}

The place where Jesus established the “new covenant” was the Holy Supper of the Passover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A20-34&version=NIV|title=Luke 22:20–34|quote=}}</ref> The place where Jesus gave the “new command” was also the Holy Supper of the Passover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A34-38&version=NIV|title=John 13:34–38|quote=}}</ref> In other words, they were given at the same time in the same place. Although those two records are about the same situation, there is no record of the "new command" in the Gospel of Luke, and there is no record of the "new covenant" in the Gospel of John. It is because the new covenant and the new command are fundamentally the same. In the Bible, command and covenant are essentially the same. God called the Ten Commandments, which were given to Moses, the “covenant.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+34%3A28&version=NIV|title=Exodus 34:28 |quote=}}</ref> When we understand the principle of love contained in the Passover of the new covenant, we can understand that the new covenant and the new command are the same. The Holy Supper of the Passover is a ceremony that allows us to realize the love of Christ who sacrificed Himself on the cross, by eating bread and wine, which represent Jesus’ flesh and blood. Also, the Passover makes the saints become one body with Jesus by having them participate in His flesh and blood,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+10%3A16-17&version=NIV|title=1 Corinthians 10:16–17 |quote=}}</ref> so that they can love one another as themselves. By keeping the Passover, we can realize Christ’s love and sacrifice and fully love brothers and sisters; this is the principle of love contained in the new covenant. Therefore, the new covenant which allows us to become one body in Christ through the bread and wine of the Passover and the “new command” which commands us to love one another are fundamentally the same.

==The New Covenant and the Gospel==
[[Gospel]] means “good news.” In the New Testament, it means the [[Gospel of the Kingdom|gospel of the kingdom]] that Jesus preached for about three years after he was baptized until He died on the cross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4%3A23&version=NIV|title=Matthew 4:23 |quote=}}</ref> This gospel is specifically the new covenant. Apostle Paul said that he was a “servant of the gospel” who preached the gospel, and he also said that he was a “minister of the new covenant.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+1%3A23&version=NIV|title=Colossians 1:23|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+3%3A6&version=NIV|title=2 Corinthians 3:6|quote=}}</ref> This is because [[Gospel and the New Covenant|the gospel and the new covenant]] have the same meaning. Baptism, the Sabbath, the Passover, and the [[The Feasts of God|seven feasts in three times]], which Jesus taught and kept, are the truths of the new covenant and the gospel that leads mankind to the kingdom of heaven.

==Related videos==
* '''Sermon: The New Covenant Engraved on Our Hearts'''
<youtube>2upunXXXvY4</youtube>
* '''Sermon: Those Who Keep the New Covenant'''
<youtube>WPRzH9jyy2w</youtube>

==See also==
* [[The Old Covenant]]
* [[Law of Christ]]
* [[The Law of Moses]]
* [[New Commandment]]
* [[Gospel]]
* [[Gospel and the New Covenant]]
* [[Order of Priest]]
* [[The New Covenant Passover|New Covenant Passover]]
==External links==
* [https://watv.org/ Church of God Official Website]
* [https://ahnsahnghong.com/en/ Christ Ahnsahnghong Official Website]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]

Gospel and the New Covenant

2026-04-23T05:11:23Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:복음과 새 언약]][[vi:Tin Lành và giao ước mới]][[es:El evangelio y el nuevo pacto]][[ne:सुसमाचार र नयाँ करार]][[pt:O Evangelho e a Nova Aliança]][[File:Aaron Burden 2016-04-22 (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|The gospel of the kingdom can be called the new covenant.]]The '''gospel''' is the good news<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gospel-New-Testament |title=Gospel |website=Britannica |date= |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref>, and more specifically, it is the '''new covenant'''. The saints and apostles of the early Church kept and preached the truth of the [[New Covenant|new covenant]] such as the [[Passover]] and the [[Sabbath]] just as Jesus taught them.

==The Gospel Is the New Covenant==
*This is the '''gospel''' that you heard and that has been proclaimed to every creature under heaven, and of which I, Paul, have become a '''servant'''.([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+1%3A23&version=NIV Colossians 1:23])
*He has made us competent as '''ministers of a new covenant.'''([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+3%3A6&version=NIV 2 Corinthians 3:6])
Apostle Paul referred to himself as a servant of the gospel and a minister of the new covenant as well. This shows that the [[gospel]] is the new covenant.

==The Passover, the Core of the New Covenant==
[[File:Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) - The Last Supper (1495-1498).jpg|thumb|''The Last Supper'' by Leonardo da Vinci: It depicts the scene of the Passover Supper of the new covenant.]]
The core truth of the new covenant is the [[Passover]]. The night before Jesus was [[Crucifixion|crucified]], He celebrated the Passover with His disciples. Instead of slaughtering a lamb according to the old covenant, He gave them bread, saying, “This is My body,” and He gave them wine, saying, “This is My blood.” He proclaimed the Passover, which is celebrated with bread and wine, as the new covenant in His blood.
{{quote5 |내용=And he said to them, “I have eagerly desired to eat this '''Passover''' with you before I suffer.” . . . And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, “This cup is the '''new covenant''' in my blood, which is poured out for you.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A15-20&version=NIV Luke 22:15–20]}}

Therefore, the Passover is the core of the gospel of the new covenant. The Passover is the truth through which we can have the forgiveness of sins and eternal life by eating and drinking the flesh and blood of Jesus.<ref name="요 6장">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A53-54&version=NIV |title=John 6:53–54 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="마 26장">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A17-28&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:17–28 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The proclamation of the [[The New Covenant Passover|Passover of the new covenant]] was the most blessed news delivered to human beings who were destined to die as sinners.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+9%3A13&version=NIV |title=Matthew 9:13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+6%3A23&version=NIV |title=Romans 6:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A27&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 9:27 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
{{참고|Passover|설명=}}

==The Early Church Kept and Preached the Gospel of the New Covenant==
Jesus came as the [[Savior]] and preached the [[Gospel of the Kingdom|gospel of the kingdom]] for three years after being [[Baptism|baptized]], until he died on the cross.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+3%3A13-4%3A23&version=NIV |title=Matthew 3:13-4:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The gospel, or the new covenant, is the truth that Jesus taught while He was on this earth. Jesus not only taught the truths of the new covenant but also set the example of keeping them, which includes the Passover baptism, the Sabbath, and the seven feasts in three times. The apostles kept and preached all the truths of the new covenant, following Jesus’ command, “Teach them to obey everything I have commanded you.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+28%3A20&version=NIV |title=Matthew 28:20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

*'''Baptism'''
:Jesus set an example of getting baptized and conducting baptism.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+3%3A21&version=NIV |title=Luke 3:21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+3%3A22-23&version=NIV |title=John 3:22–23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> He asked His disciples to preach the gospel to all nations and baptize them first.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+28%3A18-20&version=NIV |title=Matthew 28:18–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The saints of the early Church such as Philip, [[Paul]], and Peter immediately baptized people who heard the gospel and realized it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+8%3A34-39&version=NIV |title=Acts 8:34–39 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+16%3A13-15&version=NIV |title=Acts 16:13–15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+16%3A27-33&version=NIV |title=Acts 16:27–33 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+10%3A37-48&version=NIV |title=Acts 10:37–48 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

*'''Sabbath'''
:Jesus set an example of keeping the Sabbath by [[Worship|worshiping]] in spirit and in truth,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+4%3A16&version=NIV |title=Luke 4:16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and taught that we must remember the Sabbath by keeping it holy until the end of the age.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24%3A20-22&version=NIV |title=Matthew 24:20–22 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The saints of the early Church kept the Sabbath even after Jesus died on the cross.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23%3A54-56&version=NIV |title=Luke 23:54–56 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> They continued keeping it even after Jesus’ [[Jesus' Resurrection|resurrection]] and [[The Ascension of Jesus|ascension]].
{{quote5 |내용=As his custom was, Paul went into the synagogue, and on three '''Sabbath''' days he reasoned with them from the Scriptures, . . . “This Jesus I am proclaiming to you is the Christ,” he said. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts17%3A1-3&version=NIV Acts17:1–3]}}{{quote5 |내용=Every '''Sabbath''' he reasoned in the synagogue, trying to persuade Jews and Greeks. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+18%3A4&version=NIV Acts 18:4]}}
*'''Passover'''
:The Passover, which contains the promise of the forgiveness of sins and eternal life,<ref name="요 6장"></ref><ref name="마 26장"></ref> is the core truth of the gospel of the new covenant. Not only did Jesus instruct His disciples to prepare the Passover,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A17-19&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:17–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A7-13&version=NIV |title=Luke 22:7–13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> but He also emphasized its importance, saying, “I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you,” and “Do this in remembrance of Me.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A15-20&version=NIV |title=Luke 22:15–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Apostle Paul, who called himself a worker of the gospel and of the new covenant, emphasized that the teachings about the Passover were from Jesus, the Savior.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11%3A23-25&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 11:23–25 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Following the example of Jesus, the saints of the early Church kept the Passover of the new covenant with bread and wine, which represent the flesh and blood of [[Christ]], on the evening of the 14th day of the first month by the sacred calendar.
{{quote5 |내용=For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. Therefore let us keep the '''Festival''', |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7-8&version=NIV 1 Corinthians 5:7–8]}}
*'''The Seven Feasts in Three Times'''
{{그림 |Together-constantly-in-prayer.jpg |너비= 250px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=The saints of the early Church celebrating the Day of Pentecost}}
:The annual [[feasts of God]] are the [[Passover]], the [[The Feast of Unleavened Bread|Feast of Unleavened Bread]], the [[Day of Resurrection]] ([[Feast of Firstfruits]]), [[Pentecost]] ([[Feast of Weeks]]), the [[Feast of Trumpets]], the [[Day of Atonement]], and the [[Feast of Tabernacles]]. These seven feasts are grouped in three times. Collectively, they are called the “seven feasts in three times.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A1-44&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:1–44 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Jesus came as the reality of all the sacrifices offered at every feast of the [[The Old Covenant|old covenant]],<ref>Chapter 32 The Passover and the Last Supper, ''THE MYSTERY OF GOD AND THE SPRING OF THE WATER OF LIFE'', Ahnsahnghong, pg. 202, Melchizedek Pub. Co., Ltd</ref> and He changed the feasts of the old covenant in which atonement was made through the blood of animals, into the feasts of the new covenant in which we are forgiven of our sins through the precious blood of Christ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A12&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 9:12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+10%3A1-18&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 10:1–18 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> 
:Following Jesus’ teachings and examples, the apostles kept the feasts, remembering the sacrifice of Jesus who shed His blood on the cross. On the Feast of Unleavened Bread, they participated in Christ’s suffering by fasting;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+2%3A19-20&version=NIV |title=Mark 2:19–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and on the Day of Resurrection, they broke bread so that their spiritual eyes could be opened.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+24%3A13-35&version=NIV |title=Luke 24:13–35 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+20%3A6-7&version=NIV |title=Acts 20:6–7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> On the Day of Pentecost, they received the blessing of the Holy Spirit and achieved a remarkable growth of the gospel;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+2%3A1-47&version=NIV |title=Acts 2:1–47 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> afterwards, they continued to keep the Pentecost every year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+16%3A8&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 16:8 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Jesus kept the Feast of Tabernacles, including the Feast of Trumpets and the Day of Atonement<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+7%3A2&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV John 7:2], [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+7%3A37&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV 37]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+16%3A16&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 16:16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>, which was also the truth of the new covenant kept by the early Church.
 The faith of the early Church, which held on to the gospel of the new covenant, following the example of Christ, gives us a living lesson: “Churches that preaches the gospel must have the truths of the new covenant such as the Passover.”

==See also ==
*[[Gospel]]
*[[The Meaning of the Gospel]]
*[[The Beginning of the Gospel]]
*[[Gospel of the Kingdom]]
*[[The Value of the Gospel]]
*[[Different Gospels]]
*[[New Covenant]]

==Related videos==
* '''Sermon: Those Who Keep the New Covenant'''
<youtube>WPRzH9jyy2w</youtube>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]

Gospel

2026-04-23T05:11:02Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:복음]][[vi:Tin Lành]][[es:El evangelio]][[ne:सुसमाचार]][[pt:Evangelho]]{{그림 |예수님과 제자들.jpg|너비= 260px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Jesus preached the gospel for three years during His ministry.}}
'''Gospel''' (Greek: ''εὐαγγέλιον, Euangelion'')<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.billmounce.com/greek-dictionary/euangelion |title=εὐαγγέλιον |website=Greek Dictionary |publisher= |date= |year= |author=Bill Mounce |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> literally means “good news.” Specifically, it refers to the '''truth that Jesus taught and set an example of on the earth'''.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24%3A14+&version=NIV |title=Matthew 24:14 |publisher= }}</ref><ref name="마 28장2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+28%3A18-20&version=NIV |title=Matthew 28:18–20 |publisher= }}</ref> Broadly speaking, it can be said that the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]] is the gospel, too, because it is the word of blessing for the people of God. However, the gospel in the [[The New Testament|New Testament]] began when Jesus was baptized by John. The core truth of the gospel is the [[The New Covenant Passover|New Covenant Passover]], which frees mankind from slavery to sin and death.<ref name=":82">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+8%3A32-34&version=NIV |title=John 8:32–34 |publisher= }}</ref>

==Meaning of the Gospel==
The gospel which Jesus preached is the blessed and good news because it contains the way to the [[Kingdom of Heaven|kingdom of heaven]]. Therefore, the gospel of [[Jesus Christ]] is also called the “[[Gospel of the Kingdom|gospel of the kingdom]].”

The [[Bible]] says that all humans are sinners who sinned and were cast down from heaven, and the wages of their sins is death.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+3%3A9-10&version=NIV |title=Romans 3:9–10 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+6%3A23&version=NIV |title=Romans 6:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Thus, Jesus Himself came in the flesh to save mankind for the sins deserving of the death penalty.<ref name="왕상 20장2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+20%3A42&version=NIV |title=1 Kings 20:42 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+1%3A23-34&version=NIV |title=John 1:23–34 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

{{quote5 |내용=“For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+20%3A28&version=NIV Matthew 20:28]}}{{quote5 |내용=“I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+10%3A10&version=NIV John 10:10]}}

For three years of His ministry, Jesus preached the way to the forgiveness of sin and eternal life—the truth that leads mankind to heaven. This was truly blessed and good news for humans who were destined to die because of their sins.
{{참고|Meaning of the Gospel|Gospel of the Kingdom|설명=}}

==Beginning of the Gospel==
In the New Testament, the gospel began when Jesus was baptized 2,000 years ago.

{{quote5 |내용=When all the people were being baptized, Jesus was baptized too. . . . Now Jesus himself was about thirty years old when he began his ministry |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+3%3A21-23&version=NIV Luke 3:21–23]}}{{quote5 |내용=The beginning of the gospel about Jesus Christ, the Son of God. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+1%3A1&version=NIV Mark 1:1]}}

[[John the Baptist]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+11%3A13&version=NIV |title=Matthew 11:13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+16%3A16&version=NIV |title=Luke 16:16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> the last prophet of the age of the law of the Old Testament, opened the gospel age of the New Testament by testifying about Jesus,<ref name=":02" /> who is God who came [[God in the Flesh (Incarnation)|in the flesh]]. Jesus got baptized by John the Baptist and began to preach the gospel of the kingdom.

{{quote5 |내용=From that time on Jesus began to preach, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.” . . . Jesus went throughout Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the good news of the kingdom|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4%3A17-23&version=NIV Matthew 4:17–23]}}
{{참고|Beginning of the Gospel|설명=}}
==Gospel and New Covenant==
The gospel, which Jesus taught and set an example of keeping,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A15-17&version=NIV |title=John 13:15–17 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> is the [[New Covenant|new covenant]]. [[Paul|Apostle Paul]] explained that the gospel is the new covenant by calling himself a worker of the gospel and a worker of the new covenant as well.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+1%3A23&version=NIV |title=Colossians 1:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+3%3A6&version=NIV |title=2 Corinthians 3:6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> According to the prophecy of the Old Testament that God would establish the new covenant, Jesus changed the [[The Old Covenant|old covenant]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+31%3A31-33&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 31:31–33 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> the law of the Old Testament, into the perfect new covenant,<ref name="마 5장22">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+5%3A17&version=NIV |title=Matthew 5:17 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and set an example of keeping the feasts of the new covenant.
{{참고|Gospel and the New Covenant|설명=}}
*'''Baptism'''
[[File:Our day in the light of prophecy and providence (1921) (14590836189).jpg|thumb|250px|“The Baptism of Christ,” one of the images in the book, ''Our Day in the Light of Prophecy and Providence'', by W. A. Spicer, 1921]]
:Baptism is a ceremony in which the forgiveness of sins is promised.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+2%3A38&version=NIV |title=Acts 2:38 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Through baptism, one’s sin is buried and he or she is born again into a new life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+6%3A1-4&version=NIV |title=Romans 6:1–4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Even though Jesus didn’t have sin, He was baptized by John the Baptist<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+3%3A21&version=NIV |title=Luke 3:21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and also baptized people Himself.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+3%3A22-23&version=NIV |title=John 3:22–23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> This is an example and a lesson showing that baptism is an essential ceremony for salvation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+3%3A21&version=NIV |title=1 Peter 3:21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

*'''Sabbath'''
{{quote5 |내용=He went to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and on the Sabbath day he went into the synagogue, as was his custom. And he stood up to read. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+4%3A16&version=NIV Luke 4:16]}}
:The Sabbath is the commemoration day of the [[The Creator|Creator]], which originated from the fact that God rested on the seventh day after His [[Six-Day Creation|six-day creation]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+2%3A1-3&version=NIV |title=Genesis 2:1–3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> It was appointed as the fourth commandment among the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]] in the time of [[Moses]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A8-11&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:8–11 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Jesus worshiped on the Sabbath day according to His custom<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+4%3A23&version=NIV |title=John 4:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and told us to keep it until the end of the age.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24%3A20-21&version=NIV |title=Matthew 24:20–21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> By doing so, He taught that the Sabbath is a [[The Commandments of God|commandment of God]] that must be kept not only in the Old Testament times but also in the New Testament times.

*'''Passover'''
{{그림 |최후의 만찬 유월절.jpg|너비= 250px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Jesus keeping the Passover of the new covenant with His disciples}}
{{quote5 |내용=And he said to them, “I have eagerly desired to eat this '''Passover''' with you before I suffer.” . . . And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, “This cup is the '''new covenant''' in my blood, which is poured out for you.” |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A15-20&version=NIV Luke 22:15–20]}}
:The Passover is the truth that Jesus eagerly desired to keep before [[Crucifixion|He suffered on the cross]]. On this day, He gave His disciples bread and wine, saying that they were His flesh and blood giving eternal life;<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A54&version=NIV |title=John 6:54 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> this way, He established the new covenant. On the day after the Passover, He completed all the truths of the gospel of the kingdom through the new covenant by shedding His blood on the cross.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19%3A34&version=NIV |title=John 19:34 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A15-17&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 9:15–17 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>
:The Passover of the new covenant, which contains the promise of the forgiveness of sins<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A17-28&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:17–28 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and eternal life, is the key truth of the gospel of the kingdom which Jesus preached. Just as the Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt by keeping the Passover about 3,500 years ago,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A11-42&version=NIV |title=Exodus 12:11–42 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Jesus gave the forgiveness of sins and eternal life through the New Covenant Passover, so that mankind could be freed from slavery to sin and death.<ref name=":82" />

*'''Feast of Tabernacles'''
:Jesus preached during the Feast of Tabernacles and promised [[the Holy Spirit]] like the [[The Water of Life|living water]] to those who believed in Him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+7%3A2%2C+37-39&version=NIV |title=John 7:2, 37–39 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The fact that Jesus kept the [[Feast of Tabernacles]] is the proof that He also kept [[the Feast of Trumpets]] and the [[Day of Atonement]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+16%3A16&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 16:16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

==Value of the Gospel==
Apostle Paul realized the value of the gospel that leads mankind to heaven, cherished the mission of preaching the gospel,<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+15%3A16&version=NIV |title=Romans 15:16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Thessalonians+2%3A3-4&version=NIV |title=1 Thessalonians 2:3–4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and awakened church members to the importance of the gospel whenever he wrote to each church.<ref>Chapter 31 The Regulations of the New Covenant, ''THE MYSTERY OF GOD AND THE SPRING OF THE WATER OF LIFE'', Ahnsahnghong, pg. 199, Melchizedek Pub. Co., Ltd</ref> The blessings contained in the gospel are recorded in the [[book of Ephesians]].

{{quote5 |내용=In reading this, then, you will be able to understand my insight into the mystery of Christ, which was not made known to men in other generations as it has now been revealed by the Spirit to God's holy apostles and prophets. This mystery is that through the '''gospel''' the Gentiles are '''heirs''' together with Israel, '''members''' together '''of one body''', and '''sharers''' together '''in the promise''' in Christ Jesus. |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+3%3A4-6&version=NIV Ephesians 3:4–6]}}

It is written that even the Gentiles who do not know God can become heirs, members of one body, and sharers in the promise in Christ Jesus, through the gospel. This means that we will become God’s heirs and receive the kingdom of heaven as an inheritance,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+8%3A16-18&version=NIV |title=Romans 8:16–18 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+7%3A17-18&version=NIV |title=Daniel 7:17–18 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+2%3A6-9&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 2:6–9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> become members of [[Christ]]’s body,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+12%3A27&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 12:27 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and live forever in the kingdom of heaven by receiving the promise of eternal life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John+2%3A25&version=NIV |title=1 John 2:25 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+22%3A1-6&version=NIV |title=Revelation 22:1–6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Passover of the new covenant, which is the core truth of the gospel, contains all these blessings. Since the bread and wine of the New Covenant Passover represent God’s flesh and blood, we can inherit the flesh and blood of God through the Passover and become God’s children, that is, God's heirs. At the same time, we become one body in Christ and become members of Christ’s body.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+10%3A16-17&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 10:16–17 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Passover also contains the promise of eternal life.<ref name=":42" />

Therefore, neither the kingdom of heaven nor eternal life can be obtained except through the gospel including the Passover of the new covenant. The gospel is an important message that we must know and follow for salvation. The apostles and members of the early Church preached the gospel of the new covenant, such as the [[Passover]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11%3A23-26&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 11:23–26 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> the [[Sabbath]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23%3A54-56&version=NIV |title=Luke 23:54–56 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+17%3A1-3&version=NIV |title=Acts 17:1–3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and [[baptism]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+10%3A37-48&version=NIV |title=Acts 10:37–48 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> following Jesus’ teachings and engraving the value of the gospel on their hearts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+20%3A24&version=NIV |title=Acts 20:24 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> This is a living lesson showing that the church that preaches the gospel must have the truths of the new covenant, including the Passover.

{{참고|Value of the Gospel|설명=}}

==Different Gospel==
After the apostles who had been taught directly by Jesus died, the gospel began to change little by little from the mid-2nd century as the [[church]] became secularized. As a result, different gospel, which is not the teachings of Jesus, disguises itself as authenticity as it has prevailed to the point of confusing people about what has changed. Lord’s day worship is held on Sunday, the holy day of [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mithraism/ Mithraism], which worships the sun god;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/study-mithraism |title=A Study of Mithraism |website=Stanford University |date= |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref> and [[Christmas]], which originated from the birthday of Mithra, is celebrated on December 25;<ref>Tim Dowley, The History of Christianity [A Lion handbook], ''Lion Publishing'', January 1, 1977, pg. 141</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bigthink.com/thinking/winter-solstice-and-christianity/ |title=How Christians co-opted the winter solstice |website=Big Think |date=November 21, 2018 |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Saturnalia/ |title=Saturnalia |website=World History Encyclopedia |date=December 16, 2016 |author= |page= |quote= }}</ref> and the cross<ref>Everett F. Harrison, ''Baker's Dictionary of Theology'', pg. 152, Baker Pub Group, May 1, 1987</ref> was introduced into church in the process of the church’s secularization and paganism. Furthermore, [[Thanksgiving Day]] and [[Easter]] that has the custom of sharing eggs, are not based on the Bible: they are all different gospel.

Jesus taught that those who practice a different gospel cannot enter the kingdom of heaven even though they may look like God’s people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+7%3A21-23&version=NIV |title=Matthew 7:21–23 |publisher=}}</ref> The apostles too warned that whoever preaches or follows a gospel other than the gospel Jesus preached would be punished with everlasting destruction.

{{quote5 |내용=This will happen when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven in blazing fire with his powerful angels. He will punish those who do not know God and do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus. They will be punished with everlasting destruction and shut out from the presence of the Lord and from the majesty of his power |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+1%3A7-9&version=NIV 2 Thessalonians 1:7-9]}}{{quote5 |내용=I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting the one who called you by the grace of Christ and are turning to a different gospel—which is really no gospel at all. Evidently some people are throwing you into confusion and are trying to pervert the gospel of Christ. But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you, let him be eternally condemned! |출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+1%3A6-9&version=NIV Galatians 1:6–9]}}
{{참고|Different Gospel|설명=}}

==See also==
*[[The Meaning of the Gospel]]
* [[The Beginning of the Gospel]]
*[[Gospel of the Kingdom]]
*[[Gospel and the New Covenant]]
*[[The Value of the Gospel]]
*[[Different Gospel]]

*

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]

Sabbath

2026-04-23T05:10:40Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:안식일]][[vi:Ngày Sabát]][[es:El Día de Reposo]][[ne:शबाथ-दिन]][[pt:Sábado]][[file:Guido Reni - Moses with the Tables of the Law - WGA19289.jpg|thumb|''Moses with the Tables of the Law'' by Guido Reni: God appointed the Sabbath day as the fourth of the Ten Commandment.]]The '''Sabbath day''' is God’s commandment which originated from God’s rest on the seventh day after His [[Six-Day Creation|six-day creation work]]. God said, “Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy,” as the fourth of the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]].

Jesus set an example of keeping the Sabbath of the [[New Covenant|new covenant]]. Following Jesus’ example, the apostles and the saints of the early Church, too, kept the Sabbath of the new covenant. The [[Bible]] tells us that we must keep the Sabbath until the end of the age. The Sabbath is a sign between God and His people, and a symbol of the eternal rest; only those who keep the Sabbath of the new covenant can enter the [[Kingdom of Heaven|kingdom of heaven]].

==Etymology==
The Sabbath day is a day of rest. The Sabbath in Hebrew is ''Shabbath'' (''שַׁבָּת''<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7676.htm 7676. shabbath], ''Bible Hub''</ref>), which derives from ''Shabath'' (.''שָׁבַת''<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7673.htm 7673. shabath], ''Bible Hub''</ref>), meaning “ceasing (from work), rest.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+2%3A2&version=NIV|title=Genesis 2:2|quote=}}</ref> In Greek, the Hebrew word is transliterated into ''Sabbaton (σαββάτων)''.

==Origin of the Sabbath==
[[File:Schnorr von Carolsfeld Bibel in Bildern 1860 007.png|thumb|''Seventh Day of Creation'' from ''The Bible in Pictures'' by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld: The Sabbath day originated from God’s rest on the seventh day after His six-day Creation. ]]
The Sabbath originated from the fact that in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth for six days and rested on the seventh day. God blessed the seventh day and made it holy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+2%3A1-3&version=NIV|title=Genesis 2:1–3|quote=}}</ref> This means that those who keep the seventh-day Sabbath can be blessed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+56%3A2&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 56:2|quote=}}</ref> and sanctified. In the time of [[Moses]], God appointed the Sabbath as the fourth of the Ten Commandments, and made it the day to commemorate the power of the [[The Creator|Creator]].
{{quote5|내용="'''Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy'''. Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God . . . For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in them, but he rested on the seventh day. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy."|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A8-11&version=NIV Exodus 20:8–11]}}
Whenever God commanded His people to keep the Sabbath, He mentioned His work of creation of the heavens and the earth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+31%3A16-17&version=NIV|title=Exodus 31:16–17|quote=}}</ref> So whenever we keep the Sabbath, God lets us remember His power as the Creator. Keeping the Sabbath day holy is the correct way to worship God the Creator.

==Sabbath of the Old Testament==
In the Old Testament times, the [[Priest|priests]] slaughtered lambs on the Sabbath and offered them as burnt offerings with blood, and they offered grain offerings and drink offerings with a certain amount of fine flour mixed with oil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+28%3A9-10&version=NIV|title=Numbers 28:9–10|quote=}}</ref> They also baked twelve loaves of bread and set them on the table of pure gold before the LORD.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+24%3A5-8&version=NIV|title=Leviticus 24:5–8|quote=}}</ref> The common people kept the Sabbath by doing nothing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A8-10&version=NIV|title=Exodus 20:8–10|quote=}}</ref> Not only people but also livestock did not work, and they did not even light a fire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+35%3A3&version=NIV|title=Exodus 35:3|quote=}}</ref>

==Sabbath of the New Testament==
*'''Jesus Christ Kept the Sabbath Day'''

[[file:Christhealingthesick.jpg |thumb | 230px | ''Christ Healing the Sick at Bethesda'' by Carl Heinrich Bloch: Jesus healed the sick on the Sabbath day.]]

The Sabbath of the Old Testament [[The Law of God|law]] was a shadow of what would happen in the New Testament times.<ref name="율법 그림자">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+10%3A1&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 10:1|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+2%3A16-17&version=NIV|title=Colossians 2:16–17|quote=}}</ref> The blood [[Sacrifices in the Old Testament|sacrifice]] of lambs on the Sabbath day was a pattern showing that Jesus Himself would shed blood for the salvation of mankind as the reality of the Old Testament sacrifice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+10%3A11-12&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 10:11–12|quote=}}</ref> Therefore, in the New Testament times when the reality has appeared, animals do not need to be offered any longer on the Sabbath day. Jesus taught that there is no need to sacrifice lambs on the Sabbath day as it was done in the temple of [[Jerusalem]], and that we should [[worship]] God in spirit and truth,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+4%3A21-23&version=NIV|title=John 4:21–23|quote=}}</ref> setting us an example of keeping the Sabbath with the Bible.
{{quote5|내용=He went to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and on the '''Sabbath''' day he went into the synagogue, as was his custom. And he stood up to read.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+4%3A16&version=NIV Luke 4:16]}}
Although [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]] was the spiritual High Priest,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+5%3A8-10&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 5:8–10|quote=}}</ref> He did not keep the Sabbath by slaughtering lambs like the priests did in the Old Testament, but He reasoned with people with the Bible in the [[synagogue]]. When we look at the expression, “as was his custom,” we can understand that Jesus kept every Sabbath that way, not just once or twice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+1%3A21&version=NIV|title=Mark 1:21|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+6%3A6&version=NIV|title=Luke 6:6|quote=}}</ref> The law forbidding working on the Sabbath day was also changed by Jesus. The [[Jew|Jews]], who adhered to the Old Testament law, accused Jesus of violating the Sabbath when they saw Jesus’ disciples picking some heads of grain and when they saw Jesus healing the sick. However, Jesus, the Lord of the Sabbath, defended His disciples and healed the sick.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+12%3A1-14&version=NIV|title=Matthew 12:1–14|quote=}}</ref> As the way to worship God on the Sabbath was completely changed by Jesus, the disciples in the New Testament times kept the Sabbath in spirit and truth, following the example of Jesus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A15&version=NIV|title=John 13:15|quote=}}</ref>

*'''The Apostles Kept the Sabbath Day'''
Even after [[The Ascension of Jesus|Jesus’ ascension]], the [[Apostle|apostles]] and the saints of the early Church kept the New Testament Sabbath. [[Paul|Apostle Paul]] who believed in Christ and became an apostle after Jesus’ ascension, too, kept the Sabbath every week, following the example of Jesus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+18%3A4&version=NIV|title=Acts 18:4|quote=}}</ref>
{{quote5|내용=As his custom was, Paul went into the synagogue, and on three Sabbath days he reasoned with them from the Scriptures, explaining and proving that the Christ had to suffer and rise from the dead. "This Jesus I am proclaiming to you is the Christ," he said.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts17%3A2-3&version=NIV Acts17:2–3]}}
Apostle Paul told us to follow his example as he followed the example of Christ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11%3A1&version=NIV|title=1 Corinthians 11:1|quote=}}</ref> The saints in the New Testament times should keep the Sabbath holy, following the example of the apostles who obeyed the teachings of Jesus.

*'''The Sabbath Day Must Be Kept Until the End of the Age'''
Jesus taught us that we must keep the Sabbath until the end of the age.
{{quote5|내용=As Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately. "Tell us," they said, "when will this happen, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?” . . . '''Pray that your flight will not take place in winter or on the Sabbath'''. For then there will be great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world until now—and never to be equaled again.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24%3A3-21&version=NIV Matthew 24:3–21]}}
When the disciples asked Jesus about the end of the age, He told them to pray that their flight in times of great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world, would not take place in winter or on the Sabbath. The reason was that if the great distress occurred in winter, the cold weather would intensify the suffering of the saints in winter; and if their flight took place on the Sabbath, God’s people would be unable to fully keep the Sabbath. This clearly proves that God’s people must keep the Sabbath until the last day when the last disaster occurs.

Jesus is God who foresees the end from the beginning.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+46%3A10&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 46:10|quote=}}</ref> If God’s people did not need to keep the Sabbath until the end of the age, Jesus would not have said, “Pray that your flight will not take place in winter or on the Sabbath.”

That is why it is against the teachings of Jesus to insist that there is no need to keep the Sabbath in the New Testament times. In the Bible, there is no evidence that the Sabbath was abolished in the New Testament times or after the crucifixion of Jesus. God’s people should remember the teachings of Jesus and keep the Sabbath holy until the end of the age.

==Blessings of the Sabbath==
===A Sign of God’s People===
The Sabbath is a clear sign of God’s people. The saints come to know God who makes them holy through the Sabbath day, and God acknowledges those who keep the Sabbath day as His people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel+20%3A10-12&version=NIV|title=Ezekiel 20:10–12|quote=}}</ref>
{{quote5|내용=“Say to the Israelites, ‘You must observe '''my Sabbaths'''. This will be a '''sign''' between me and you for the generations to come, so you may know that I am the LORD, who makes you holy. Observe the Sabbath, because it is holy to you. Anyone who desecrates it must be put to death; whoever does any work on that day must be cut off from his people. For six days, work is to be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of rest, holy to the LORD. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day must be put to death.’ ”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+31%3A13-15&version=NIV Exodus 31:13–15]}}
In the Old Testament times, God showed His firm will that anyone who did not keep the Sabbath had to be put to death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+15%3A32-36&version=NIV|title=Numbers 15:32–36|quote=}}</ref> God wants to lead His people to salvation by making His people holy through the Sabbath.

===A Day of Joy and Happiness===
The prophet [[Isaiah]] listed the blessings that those who keep the Sabbath would come to receive in Isaiah 56.
{{quote5|내용=“'''Blessed is the man who does this''', the man who holds it fast, who '''keeps the Sabbath without desecrating it''', and keeps his hand from doing any evil . . . To the eunuchs who keep my Sabbaths, who choose what pleases me and hold fast to my covenant-to them I will give within my temple and its walls a memorial and a name better than sons and daughters; I will give them an everlasting name that will not be cut off. And foreigners who bind themselves to the LORD to serve him, to love the name of the LORD, and to worship him, all who keep the Sabbath without desecrating it and who hold fast to my covenant-these '''I will bring to my holy mountain and give them joy in my house of prayer'''. Their burnt offerings and sacrifices will be accepted on my altar; for my house will be called a house of prayer for all nations.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+56%3A2-7&version=NIV Isaiah 56:2–7]}}
God said that He would joyfully lead those who kept the Sabbath day to the holy mountain of God and that He would willingly receive their sacrifices [worships]. In Isaiah 58, it is also written that those who keep the Sabbath holy will find joy in God.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+58%3A13-14&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 58:13–14|quote=}}</ref>

===The Sign of Eternal Rest===
The Sabbath is a sign of eternal rest which the saints will have in the kingdom of heaven.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+4%3A4-6&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 4:4–6|quote=}}</ref> The six-day Creation recorded in the book of [[Genesis|Genesis]] is a prophecy that God will carry out the spiritual creation work for about 6,000 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+3%3A8&version=NIV|title=2 Peter 3:8|quote=}}</ref> God’s taking rest on the seventh day after six-day Creation was a prophecy about the Sabbath of a thousand years which will take place after the completion of His work of redemption. Apostle John described the coming of the Sabbath of a thousand years as reigning for a thousand years after the work of redemption.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+20%3A4&version=NIV|title=Revelation 20:4|quote=}}</ref> God’s people who are saved will reign forever,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+22%3A5&version=NIV|title=Revelation 22:5|quote=}}</ref> but it was written that they will reign for a thousand years to teach us about 6,000 year-long work of redemption before the Sabbath of a thousand years. It is like working for six days before the Sabbath day, and farming for six years before the Sabbath year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+25%3A3-5&version=NIV|title=Leviticus 25:3–5|quote=}}</ref> The Sabbath of a thousand years leads to the eternal rest. So in the book of Genesis, there is no mention of the end of the seventh day after the six-day Creation. With regard to the first six days, it is written, “There was evening, and there was morning,”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+1%3A5&version=NIV|title=Genesis 1:5|quote=}}</ref> but on the seventh day, there is no mention of “There was evening and there was morning—the seventh day.” This means that the Sabbath on the seventh day represents the eternal rest. Those who keep the Sabbath day holy every week, a sign of eternal rest, can enter the [[Kingdom of Heaven|kingdom of heaven]] where they can enjoy the eternal rest.

==The Biblical Sabbath Is Saturday==
The blessed and holy Sabbath appointed by God in the beginning is the seventh day. Today, numerous churches keep worship service on Sunday, but according to various testimonies, such as the Bible and history, the correct biblical worship day is Saturday.
[[file:The resurrection day.jpg |thumb | 200px |''Mary Magdalene Encounters Jesus Risen'' by Heinrich Hofmann; Jesus was resurrected early on Sunday, the day after the Sabbath. ]]
*'''Evidence 1. Bible'''

The Sabbath day is Saturday in calendar, today. Through the scene of [[Jesus' Resurrection|Jesus’ resurrection]] in the Bible, we can confirm this.
{{quote5|내용=When the Sabbath was over . . . When Jesus '''rose early on the first day of the week''', he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom he had driven seven demons.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+16%3A1-9&version=NIV Mark 16:1–9]}}
It is recorded in the Bible that Jesus was resurrected on the first day of the week. Here, the first day of the week indicates the day after the Sabbath; because it is written that the first day of the week came after the Sabbath was over (Mk 16:1–2). Therefore, we can know that Jesus was resurrected the day after the Sabbath; and people know well Jesus was '''resurrected on Sunday'''. So in Today’s English Version, it is recorded in Mark 16:9, “After Jesus rose from death early on Sunday . . .” If the day after the Sabbath is Sunday, the '''Sabbath day is Saturday'''. Therefore, the biblical Sabbath is Saturday.

*'''Evidence 2. Catholic Catechism'''
The Roman Catholic Church, which keeps worship service on Sunday, admits that the biblical Sabbath is Saturday.
{{quote|Not to mention other examples, is not every Christian obliged to sanctify Sunday and to abstain on that day from unnecessary servile work? Is not the observance of this law among the most prominent of our sacred duties? But you may read the Bible from Genesis to Revelation, and you will not find a single line authorizing the sanctification of Sunday. '''The Scriptures enforce the religious observance of Saturday, a day which we never sanctify'''|''The Faith of Our Fathers'', James C. Gibbons, Tan Books and Publishers, 1980, pp. 72–73}}
{{quote|“I have read the Bible from the first verse of Genesis to the last verse of Revelations, and have found no reference to the duty of sanctifying the Sunday. The day mentioned in the Bible is not the Sunday, the first day of the week but the '''Saturday, the last day of the week'''.”|''The Faith of Millions'', John A.O’Brien, Our Sunday Visitor, Inc., 1974, p 137}}
Nowhere in the Bible do we find a verse telling us to worship on Sunday. The Sabbath in the Bible is obviously Saturday.

*'''Evidence 3. Historical Records'''
Comparing two historical books written about the conquest of Jerusalem by the Roman general Pompeius, better known as [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pompey-the-Great Pompey], in 63 B.C., we can understand that the Sabbath in the Bible is Saturday.

Josephus, the first-century Jewish historian, wrote that Pompey conquered Jerusalem by exploiting the fact that the Jews did not work on the seventh-day Sabbath. When Pompey led the army and surrounded the Jerusalem temple, he noticed that the Jews only defended their city, but did not initiate any attack on the seventh-day, Sabbath. Every Sabbath, the Romans filled the trenches and valleys surrounding the temple without any hindrance, and transported siege weapons. Eventually, the Jerusalem Temple fell within three months.<ref>Antiquities of the Jews, Flavius Josephus, ''Book 14'', Chapter 4, pp. 390–391, 1544</ref> At the beginning of the third century, [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dio-Cassius Cassius Dio], a Roman historian, wrote that the Romans had an opportunity to destroy the walls of Jerusalem because the Jews did not work on the “day of Saturn.”<ref>[https://lexundria.com/dio/37.16/cy Roman History], ''Book 37'', Chapter 16, Dio Cassius, Translated by Earnest Cary, Herbert B. Foster. Loeb Classical Library 53. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914.</ref> This means that the seventh-day Sabbath, which the Jews kept, was the day of Saturn, that is, Saturday, to the Romans. Therefore, it is clear that the Sabbath, which Jesus and the apostles kept, was Saturday.
*'''Evidence 4. Everyday Language'''
Some languages bear a trace showing that the Sabbath is Saturday. In Spanish, Saturday is ''sábado'', which means the Sabbath. The following is the example of the languages in which the Hebrew word for the ''Sabbath'' leaves traces in the word meaning ''Saturday''.
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Language'''
!'''Saturday Notation'''
|-
|Spanish
|sábado
|-
|Portuguese
|sábado
|-
|Italian
|sabato
|-
|Greek
|Σάββατο (Savato)
|-
|Polish
|sobota
|-
|Croatian
|subota
|-
|Bulgarian
|събота
|-
|Indonesian
|hari Sabtu
|}

==Each Denomination’s Perspective on the Sabbath==
===Judaism===
The Jewish Sabbath begins at sunset on Friday and ends at sunset on Saturday. According to the Old Testament law where no work had to be done on the Sabbath, government offices, restaurants, and markets close and public transportation such as buses and trains cease to operate in Israel on the Sabbath.<ref>[https://www.touristisrael.com/shabbat-in-jerusalem/11023/ SHABBAT IN JERUSALEM], ''Tourist Israel''</ref> At home, two candles are lit on Friday before the sun goes down, and at the beginning of their Sabbath, they have a dinner with Sabbath bread and wine called “Challah.” The orthodox Jews, who strictly observe the Sabbath, are even forbidden to turn the electric switch on or off, so many of their houses have devices to turn off their lamps automatically. Hotels and high-rise apartments have elevators that automatically stop at every floor so that they do not need to press a button on the Sabbath day.<ref>[https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/shabbats-work-prohibition/ Shabbat’s Work Prohibition], ''My Jewish Learning''</ref> 
El Al Israel Airlines does not run on the Sabbath day. Since airports too stop taking off and landing, airlines have to adjust their timetables before or after the Sabbath. In the regions where the orthodox Jews live, they block the entrance so that foreigners and people from other regions cannot drive in their region on the Sabbath day. If someone drives in, the Jews there will throw stones to destroy the car.<ref>The Rough Guide to Jerusalem, Daniel Jacobs, pg. 26, Rough Guides; 2nd edition, October 19, 2009</ref><ref>Settings of Silver: An Introduction to Judaism, Stephen M. Wylen, pg. 129, ''Paulist Press''; Second Edition, July 1, 2000</ref>

===Catholicism===
The Bible says that the Sabbath is Saturday, but the Catholic Church established the doctrine of Lord’s Day (Sunday worship).
{{quote|But since Saturday, not Sunday, is specified in the Bible, isn’t it curious that non-Catholics who profess to take their religion directly from the Bible and not from the Church, observe Sunday instead of Saturday? Yes, of course, it is inconsistent; but this change was made about fifteen centuries before Protestantism was born, and by that time the custom was universally observed. They have continued the custom, even though '''it rests upon the authority of the Catholic Church and not upon an explicit text in the Bible'''.|''The Faith of the Millions'', John O’Brien, Our Sunday Visitor, Inc., 1974, pp. 400–401}}
Sunday was a day for worshiping the sun, but the Catholic Church insists that the early Christians commemorated the resurrection of Christ and the descent of the Holy Spirit on Sunday, calling it "Lord’s Day."<ref>[https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/resource/55994/the-sabbath-or-the-lords-day The Sabbath or the Lord's Day], ''Catholic News Agency''.</ref> The Catholic Church changed the fourth commandment about the Sabbath among the Ten Commandments, differently from the Bible. They changed the Ten Commandments in the 5th century, under the pretext of classifying them reasonably by substituting the commandment, “Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy,” with the words, “Remember to keep holy the LORD’s Day.”<ref>[https://www.catholic.com/magazine/print-edition/the-true-ten-commandments#:~:text=Remember%20to%20keep%20holy%20the%20Lord%E2%80%99s%20Day. The Catholic Ten Commandments], ''Catholic Answers'', March 1, 2004</ref>

===Protestantism===
According to chapter 21 of “The Westminster Confession of Faith,” which contains the Calvinist faith, the Protestants claims: “The Sabbath day had always been the last day of a week from the creation of the world up until Jesus’ resurrection, but after Jesus’ resurrection, it changed to the first day of the week [Sunday].”<ref>[https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/westminster-confession-faith The Westminster Confession of Faith], ''Ligonier Ministries''.</ref> They insist that Acts 20:7<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+20%3A7&version=NIV|title=Acts 20:7|quote=}}</ref> and 1 Corinthians 16:2<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+16%3A2&version=NIV|title=1 Corinthians 16:2|quote=}}</ref> are the records about the early Church keeping [[Lord’s Day Worship (Sunday Worship)|worship service on Sunday]], the first day of a week.<ref>[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14335a.htm Sunday], ''New Advent''</ref> However, Acts 20 is about commemorating the Resurrection Day, and 1 Corinthians 16 is just a recommendation on how to give special offerings to help Jerusalem, not a record of every Sunday worship.
{{참고|Lord’s Day Worship (Sunday Worship)|설명=}}

===The Seventh-day Adventist Church===
The Seventh-day Adventist Church [SDA] considers that the day begins at sunset, and so they claim that the Sabbath begins from the sunset of Friday and ends at the sunset of Saturday. That is why they keep worship services in the evening of Friday, and morning and afternoon of Saturday. The SDA Church also claims that the Sabbath is [[Seal of God|God’s seal]], quoting a verse from the Bible reading that the Sabbath is a sign between God and His people.<ref>[https://sdarm.org/about-us/beliefs/the-sealing The Sealing], ''Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement''.</ref>

==The Church of God Keeps the Sabbath Day==
{{그림 |하나님의교회 세계복음선교협회 새예루살렘 판교성전 예배.jpg |너비= 400px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Worship service at New Jerusalem Pangyo Temple of the World Mission Society Church of God}}
The [[World Mission Society Church of God]] is the only church that keeps the Sabbath of the new covenant just as Jesus and His disciples did.<ref>[http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=E&nNewsNumb=202003100052 World Mission Society Church of God General Pastor, “A World Where No One Feels Lonely,” is Made with God’s Love as the Basis”], ''Monthly Chosun'', March 2020</ref> According to the biblical time reckoning, the day begins when the sun rises; therefore the Church of God keeps worship services on Saturday in the morning, afternoon, and evening. The Church of God celebrates the power of God Elohim the Creator on the Sabbath, and believes that the Sabbath is a sign between God and His people and a symbol of the eternal rest.

==See also==
*[[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]]
*[[New Covenant]]
*[[Lord’s Day Worship (Sunday Worship)]]
*[[The Feasts of God]]
*[[The Teachings of Jesus Christ]]

==Related videos==
*'''Sermon: God’s Blessing & the Sabbath'''
<youtube>qeuHJFRTiSk</youtube>
*'''When Do You Go to Church?'''
<youtube>VdlyVz4GdxQ&t=7s</youtube>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]

Passover

2026-04-23T05:10:17Z

Jaewoo:

[[ko:유월절]][[vi:Lễ Vượt Qua]][[es:Pascua]][[ne:निस्तार-चाड]][[pt:Páscoa]]{{절기
|above =Passover
|image = [[file:Bible primer, Old Testament, for use in the primary department of Sunday schools (1919) (14782080995).jpg|250px|thumb|Center|The Israelites put the blood of the Passover lamb.]]
|Name = 逾越節, Passover
|Date = Evening on the 14th day of the first month by the sacred calendar
|Origin = Liberation from Egypt
|Ritual in the Old Testament = Sprinkle lamb’s blood and roast meat over fire
|Ritual in the New Testament = Eat and drink bread and wine which represents Jesus’ flesh and blood, after the Foot-Washing Ceremony.
|Fulfillment of prophecy = Set free from the sinful world.
|Blessing = forgiveness of sins, eternal life, protection from disasters, fulfillment of the first commandment
}}
The '''Passover''' is the first of the Seven Feasts in Three Times recorded in the [[Bible]]. It is observed on the evening of the 14th day of the first month by the sacred calendar, and it corresponds to the period between March and April in [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gregorian-calendar the Gregorian calendar] (solar calendar). The Seven Feasts are classified into three times: the [[The Feast of Unleavened Bread|Feast of Unleavened Bread]], the [[Feast of Weeks]], and the [[Feast of Tabernacles]]. The Passover belongs to the first time of feasts—the Feast of Unleavened Bread.

The Passover is the core truth of the [[New Covenant|new covenant]] which God established to save all humanity. On the evening of the 14th day of the first month by the sacred calendar, [[Jesus Christ]] established the new covenant by keeping the Passover with His disciples with bread and wine representing His flesh and blood. Just as in the times of the Old Testament, when the Israelites were freed from Egypt by keeping the Passover and entered the land of Canaan, in the times of the New Testament, God's people are given eternal life and freed from the sinful world by keeping the [[The New Covenant Passover|Passover of the new covenant]], and enter the [[Kingdom of Heaven|kingdom of heaven]].

==Origin and Meaning of the Passover==
===Origin and Meaning===
The Passover originated from the history of the Israelites, who had been slaves in Egypt; they were protected from plagues and set free by keeping the Passover. The name of the Passover, which means “the feast that makes disasters pass over,” originated from this history. In Hebrew, the word ''Passover'' is ''Pesach (פֶּסַח)''.<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6453.htm 6453. pesach], ''Bible Hub''</ref> It is derived from the verb ''pasach (פָּסַח)''<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6452a.htm 6452. pasach], ''Bible Hub''</ref> meaning “to pass” or “to jump.” In Greek, it is called ''Pascha (πασχα)''. In both of these languages, which were used to write the Bible, the word ''Passover'' means that “(disasters) pass over.”

===Passover in Each Language===
The Passover mentioned in the book of [[The Exodus|Exodus]] is as follows in each language.
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Language'''
!'''Translation'''
|-
|Hebrew
|Pesach(פֶּסַח)
|-
|Greek
|Pascha(πασχα)
|-
|Korean
|유월절 (or 과월절 in some translations)
|-
|English
|Passover
|-
|Spanish
|Pascua
|-
|Dutch
|het Joodse Paasfeest
|-
|Norwegian
|påske
|-
|German
|Pạssah•fest
|-
|Latin
|Pascha
|-
|Russian
|еврейская пасха
|-
|Romanian
|Pesah
|-
|Mongolian
| Дээгүүр өнгөрөх баяр
|-
|Swahili
|Pasaka ya Kiyahudi
|-
|Swedish
|påskhögtid
|-
|Ukrainian
|Песах
|-
|Italian
|pasqua ebraica
|-
|Indonesian
|Paskah
|-
|Japanese
|過越祭(すぎこしさい)
|-
|Chinese (Simplified)
|逾越节
|-
|Czech
|pesach
|-
|Turkish
|Fısıh Bayramı, Hamursuz Bayramı
|-
|Persian
|فصح[fesh]
|-
|Portuguese
|páscoa
|-
|Polish
|Pascha(święto w judaizmie)
|-
|French
|Pâque
|-
|Finnish
|pääsiäinen
|-
|Hungarian
|Páska
|}

==The Passover of the Old Testament==
===Ritual===
At twilight on the 14th day of the first month by the sacred calendar, the Israelites slaughtered year-old lambs and ated the roasted meat over fire along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. The meat couldn’t be left till morning. Furthermore, the bones of the Passover lambs were not to be broken.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+16%3A1-7&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 16:1–7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+9%3A11-12&version=NIV |title=Numbers 9:11–12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A42-47&version=NIV |title=Exodus 12:42–47 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

===The History of the Passover of the Old Testament===
*'''Exodus'''
[[file:Israel's_Escape_from_Egypt.jpg|대체글=|thumb|The Israelites are freed from Egypt after keeping the Passover.]]
The Passover was kept for the first time around the 15th century B.C. in the time of [[Moses]]. God inflicted ten plagues on Egypt to free the Israelites who had been slaves in Egypt for about 400 years. Before the tenth plague came upon the land, the plague that struck down every firstborn, God allowed the Israelites to keep the Passover.
{{quote5|내용=“[I]t is the LORD’s Passover. On that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn—both men and animals—and I will bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD. The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are; and when I see the blood, I will pass over you. '''No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt'''. This is a day you are to commemorate; for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the LORD—a lasting ordinance.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A11-14&version=NIV Exodus 12:11–14]}}

On the evening of the 14th day of the first month of the sacred calendar, the Israelites slaughtered year-old lambs without defect, put the blood of the lambs on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses, and roasted the meat over the fire and ate it with the unleavened bread and bitter herbs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A5-11&version=NIV|title=Exodus 12:5–11|quote=}}</ref> On the night of the Passover, a plague that killed the firstborns in every Egyptian household came upon the land. There was a loud wailing in Egypt as all the firstborns were struck down from the firstborn of Pharaoh to the firstborn of all the livestock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A29-30&version=NIV|title=Exodus 12:29–30|quote=}}</ref> However, not even one firstborn of the Israelite households was killed; they were protected from the plague by keeping the Passover as God had promised them. The next day, the Israelites came out of Egypt and set out for Canaan, the Promised Land, in joy of freedom and liberation.

*'''In the Desert'''
After coming out of Egypt, the Israelites completed building the [[Sanctuary (Tabernacle)|tabernacle]] on the first day of the first month of the following year,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+40%3A17&version=NIV|title=Exodus 40:17|quote=}}</ref> and celebrated the Passover a second time in the desert of Sinai on the 14th day of that month.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+9%3A1-5&version=NIV|title=Numbers 9:1–5|quote=}}</ref> God said that those who could not keep the Passover because they were ceremonially unclean on account of a dead body or because they were on a long journey, should celebrate the Passover on the evening of the 14th day of the second month in accordance with all its rules and regulations. God warned that they must keep the Passover, and that those who did not keep the Passover would be cut off from the people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+9%3A9-13&version=NIV|title=Numbers 9:9–13|quote=}}</ref> However, the Bible has no record of the Israelites keeping the Passover for 38 years after they came out of Egypt and kept it in the second year. At the end of their journey in the desert, when they crossed the [[Jordan]] and reached the city of [[Jericho]], God commanded them to conduct [[circumcision]]. This was because all the men twenty years of age or older, who came out of Egypt, died in the desert (except for Joshua and Caleb<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+14%3A29-30&version=NIV|title=Numbers 14:29–30|quote=}}</ref>) and in addition, those who were born in the desert, were not circumcised.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+5%3A2-5&version=NIV|title=Joshua 5:2–5|quote=}}</ref> Therefore, since only those who were circumcised could keep the Passover, the fact that they had not been circumcised means that they had not kept the Passover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A48&version=NIV|title=Exodus 12:48|quote=}}</ref> After circumcision was conducted, the Israelites kept the Passover on the plains of Jericho, and entered the land of Canaan that very year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+5%3A10-12&version=NIV|title=Joshua 5:10–12|quote=}}</ref>

*'''Time of King Hezekiah'''
Throughout the history of the Israelites, God’s power has been revealed through the Passover. Let us look to the time of Hezekiah, about 800 years after the time of Moses. Hezekiah was the thirteenth king of the [[southern Kingdom of Judah]]. In those days, Israel had been divided into the southern Kingdom of Judah and the [[northern Kingdom of Israel]].

As soon as King Hezekiah was enthroned, he made the decision to keep the Passover, with the hope that his nation would be at peace and protected by God’s grace. Hezekiah sent his couriers throughout the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel to deliver the news to come to [[Jerusalem]] to celebrate the Passover. However, most of the Israelites in the north, because they had not kept the Passover for about 250 years since the time when Israel was divided into two kingdoms, ridiculed the couriers and their message. In the end, only the people of the southern Kingdom of Judah kept the Passover with the Israelites in the north who humbled themselves and came to Jerusalem to keep it.<ref name="히스기야 유월절">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+30%3A1-12&version=NIV|title=2 Chronicles 30:1–12|quote=}}</ref> After keeping the Passover, the people removed all the [[Idol|idols]] from inside the temple and also broke down the altars that were being used to sacrifice and worship other gods, not even knowing they were committing idolatry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+31%3A1+&version=NIV|title=2 Chronicles 31:1|quote=}}</ref> Three years later, Assyria, a powerful nation at the time, invaded and besieged Israel in the north and surrounded Samaria, the capital city of Israel, eventually capturing it after three years. Northern Israel, which did not celebrate the Passover, was completely destroyed around 721 BC.<ref>[https://www.esv.org/resources/esv-global-study-bible/introduction-to-1-2-kings/ Introduction to 1–2 Kings], ''ESV''</ref> The Bible explains that the fundamental cause of the destruction of Northern Israel was because they violated God’s covenant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+18%3A9-12&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 18:9–12|quote=}}</ref> In the fourteenth year of Hezekiah, the Assyrian army also invaded Judah in the south, conquered many cities, and narrowed their siege on Jerusalem. God promised salvation to Judah in the south, which celebrated the Passover, and sent an angel to fight against the Assyrian soldiers. As a result, over 185,000 Assyrian soldiers were killed overnight and the Assyrian army retreated.<ref name="남 유다 구원">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+19%3A30-35&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 19:30–35|quote=}}</ref> According to the promise contained in the Passover, Judah in the south was protected from disasters and escaped its destruction.
*'''Time of King Josiah'''
After Hezekiah, the southern Kingdom of Judah stopped celebrating the Passover and once again set up the very idols Hezekiah had destroyed. Josiah, the sixteenth king of Judah, the great-grandson of Hezekiah, read the Book of the Law, which was found while the [[temple]] was being repaired in his eighteenth year, and came to realize the Passover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+22%3A3-11&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 22:3–11|quote=}}</ref> Josiah and the people decided to celebrate the Passover, and removed the idols they had served in the temple of God.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+23%3A3-4&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 23:3–4|quote=}}</ref> After the Passover, they destroyed all the idols in Israel and Judah. Not since the days of the judges, nor throughout the days of the kings of Israel and the kings of Judah, had any such Passover been observed. So Josiah was written in the Bible as a king who completely obeyed all the laws of God with all his heart, soul, and strength.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+23%3A21-25&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 23:21–25|quote=}}</ref>

==The Passover of the New Testament==
===Ritual===
On the evening of the 14th day of the first month by the sacred calendar, the Foot-Washing Ceremony is conducted first.<ref name="세족식">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A4-15&version=NIV|title=John 13:4–15|quote=}}</ref> It is then followed by the ceremony of eating and drinking bread and wine, which represent the flesh and blood of Jesus, who is the reality of the Passover lamb.<ref name="마태복음 유월절">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A19-28&version=NIV|title=Matthew 26:19–28|quote=}}</ref>

===The New Covenant Passover of Jesus Christ===
{{그림 |최후의 만찬 유월절.jpg|너비= 300px |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 |타이틀=Jesus Christ freed all people from the sinful world through the Passover of the new covenant.}}
The history of the deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt after keeping the Passover was a prophecy that Jesus Christ would establish [[The New Covenant Passover|the Passover of the new covenant]] and free people from this sinful world. Jesus Christ sent Peter and John to prepare for the Passover on the 14th day of the first month by the sacred calendar when it was customary to sacrifice the Passover lamb.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A7-8&version=NIV|title=Luke 22:7–8|quote=}}</ref> That evening, Jesus Christ washed His disciples’ feet in Mark’s upper room<ref name="세족식" /> and celebrated the Passover together. Jesus Christ proclaimed the new covenant, saying that the Passover bread is His flesh and that the Passover wine is His blood, which was poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.<ref name="마태복음 유월절" />

{{quote5|내용=When the hour came, Jesus and His disciples reclined at the table. Jesus said to them, “I have eagerly desired to eat this '''Passover''' with you before I suffer. . . .” And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, “This cup is the '''new covenant in my blood''', which is poured out for you.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A14-20&version=NIV Luke 22:14–20]}}

Taking the cup of the Passover wine, Jesus said that it is the new covenant in His blood, and also said that He had eagerly desired to eat the Passover. This means that the core of the new covenant is the Passover. On the day after the Passover, Jesus died on the cross as the reality of the Passover lamb. The Roman soldiers broke the legs of the two robbers, who were hung on the cross on each side of Jesus, but they did not break Jesus’ bones. Instead, they pierced His side with a spear. This fulfilled the prophecy that the bones of the Passover lambs must not be broken.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19%3A32-36&version=NIV|title=John 19:32–36|quote=}}</ref>

===The Early Church Kept the Passover of the New Covenant===
The Israelites celebrated the Passover a second time in the desert of Sinai in the year after the Exodus. This became a prophecy showing that the apostles and the saints of the early Church would keep the new covenant Passover on the evening of the 14th day of the first month by the sacred calendar every year after the Jesus’ ascension. Apostle Paul emphasized that we should keep the Passover because Christ was sacrificed as the reality of the Passover lamb.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+corinthians+5%3A7-8&version=NIV|title=1 Corinthians 5:7–8|quote= }}</ref> He also said that we must commemorate Jesus’ sacrifice whenever we eat the bread and drink the wine on the night of the Passover, the night He was betrayed, and keep the Passover until the Lord comes.

{{quote5|내용=For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you: The Lord Jesus, on the '''night he was betrayed [Passover night]''', took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, “This is my body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of me.” . . . “This cup is the '''new covenant in my blood'''; do this, whenever you drink it, in remembrance of me. For whenever you eat this bread and drink this cup, you '''proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes.'''”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+11%3A23-26&version=NIV 1 Corinthians 11:23–26]}}

==Blessings of the Passover==
===Kingdom of Heaven===
[[file:하나님의교회 유월절.jpg|thumb|World Mission Society Church of God keeps the Passover of the new covenant.]]
The Israelites’ 40-year long journey in the desert showed what would happen in the New Testament times.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+10%3A1-11&version=NIV|title=1 Corinthians 10:1–11|quote=}}</ref> The history of the Israelites keeping the Passover and being liberated from Egypt and entering Canaan after forty years in the desert was a prophecy that God’s people of the New Testament would keep the Passover, be set free from the sinful world, and enter the [[Kingdom of Heaven|kingdom of heaven]], the spiritual Canaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+3%3A15-19&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 3:15-19|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+4%3A6-11&version=NIV|title=Hebrews 4:6–11|quote=}}</ref> There is no record of the Israelites keeping the Passover after they kept it a second time in the Desert of Sinai, until just before they entered Canaan. In the same way, in the New Testament times, the Passover was not celebrated for nearly 1,600 years after the Council of Nicaea was held in AD 325. The fact that the Israelites celebrated the Passover just before entering Canaan was a prophecy showing that the new covenant Passover, which had not been kept for a long time, would be restored just before God’s people enter heaven, the heavenly Canaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+25%3A6-9&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 25:6–9|quote=}}</ref> Just as the Israelites entered Canaan only after keeping the Passover, people can enter the kingdom of heaven, the spiritual Canaan, only after keep the new covenant.

===Forgiveness of Sins===
The [[Bible]] teaches that all people die because of their sins.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+6%3A23&version=NIV|title=Romans 6:23|quote=}}</ref> Since they cannot avoid death, they live as slaves to sin all their lives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+8%3A34&version=NIV|title=John 8:34|quote=}}</ref> The only way to be freed from sin is to be clothed with the grace of Christ’s precious blood shed on the cross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+1%3A7&version=NIV|title=Ephesians 1:7|quote=}}</ref> Jesus Christ said that the Passover wine is His blood shed for many for the forgiveness of sins. Therefore, we must keep the new covenant Passover to receive the forgiveness of sins through the blood of Christ. Just as the Israelites in the Old Testament times kept the Passover and were freed from Egypt, people in the New Testament times keep the new covenant Passover and are freed from this sinful world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+8%3A1-2+&version=NIV|title=Romans 8:1–2|quote=}}</ref>

===Eternal Life===
When our sins, which are cause of death, are taken away, we can live forever. Therefore, if we receive the forgiveness of sins, we can have eternal life. This is why Jesus Christ said that we will receive eternal life if we eat His flesh and drink His blood through the Passover of the new covenant.

{{quote5|내용=Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.”|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A53-54&version=NIV John 6:53–54]}}

The reason God gave us eternal life through the Passover of the new covenant is because the kingdom of heaven is a place where there is no death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+21%3A1-4+&version=NIV|title=Revelation 21:1–4|quote=}}</ref> No one can enter heaven with a mortal body. This is why God gives His people eternal life through the new covenant Passover.
[[file:Hezekiah.jpg|thumb|People of Judah remove idols after celebrating the Passover in the time of Hezekiah.]]

===Disasters Pass Over===
The Passover is a sign of God’s power that lets disasters pass over. The Bible records how God’s people, who kept the Passover, were protected from disasters. When the Israelites kept the Passover at the time of the Exodus, they were protected from the plague which struck down every firstborn.<ref name="애굽 유월절">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A11-13&version=NIV|title=Exodus 12:11–13|quote= }}</ref> When King Hezekiah and the people of Judah kept the Passover, they were protected from the Assyrian attack;<ref name="히스기야 유월절" /><ref name="남 유다 구원" /> and in the New Testament times, those who keep the new covenant Passover are protected from the last plagues. When someone eats the flesh of Jesus Christ and drinks His blood through the Passover, they can remain in God.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=john+6%3A56&version=NIV|title=John 6:56|quote=}}</ref> God has promised that He will protect those who belong to Him from disasters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+43%3A1-2&version=NIV|title=Isaiah 43:1–2|quote=}}</ref>

===Fulfillment of the First Commandment===
The [[The First Commandment|first]] of the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]], “You shall have no other gods before Me,” contains two commands: “Do not to serve other gods,” and “Serve only God.” The Passover is a special truth that enables us to destroy other gods and worship only God; because the Passover was established as the day to punish all other gods since the time of the Exodus.<ref name="애굽 유월절" /> If all the other gods are judged on the Passover, it means only God remains. If we realize the Passover and celebrate it, we can worship only God, not other gods. For example, God destroyed the gods of Egypt on the night of the Passover in the time of Moses. In the time of Hezekiah and of Josiah, too, the Israelites were able to serve only God by removing idols after keeping the Passover. Even in the New Testament times, we can fully keep the first commandment if we keep the Passover of the new covenant.

==See also==
*[[New Covenant]]
*[[The New Covenant Passover|New Covenant Passover]]
* [[Disaster & Passover]]
*[[Seal of God]]
*[[The Feast of Unleavened Bread|Feast of Unleavened Bread]]
*[[Feast of Firstfruits]]
*[[Feast of Weeks]]
*[[Feast of Trumpets]]
* [[Day of Atonement]]
*[[Feast of Tabernacles]]

==Related videos==
* '''Sermon: The Passover Holy Supper God Commanded Us to Keep'''
<youtube>Jav03C_OQ_Q</youtube>
*'''Goal of Faith & the Passover'''
<youtube>IwVePNf3DD0</youtube>
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]]
[[Category:Bible Knowledge]]
[[Category:Biblical Terms]]