Judges: Difference between revisions
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{{성경 | <!-- interlanguage:start -->[[ko:사사기]]<!-- interlanguage:end -->{{성경 | ||
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|title=Judges | |title=Judges | ||
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==Features== | ==Features== | ||
In the book of Judges, “Israel’s sin → discipline → repentance → salvation (through the judges)” | In the book of Judges, “Israel’s sin → discipline → repentance → salvation (through the judges)” is repeated. | ||
① When the Israelites sinned, ② they were handed over to the oppressor and suffered, ③ and when the people repented, ④ God appointed judges to save them and govern them. As long as a judge reigned, peace was maintained; however, ⑤ whenever a judge died, Israel immediately returned to [[idol]]<nowiki/>atry.<ref>{{ | ① When the Israelites sinned, ② they were handed over to the oppressor and suffered, ③ and when the people repented, ④ God appointed judges to save them and govern them. As long as a judge reigned, peace was maintained; however, ⑤ whenever a judge died, Israel immediately returned to [[idol]]<nowiki/>atry.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+2%3A16-19&version=NIV |title=Judges 2:16–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
==Judge== | ==Judge== | ||
'''Judges''' are political and military leaders who led the Israelites from the time they entered the land of Canaan until the first king, [[Saul]], was appointed. The Hebrew word judge is ''shophet'', which is derived from ''shaphat'', which means to judge or govern. During ordinary times, the judges set judgments and settled the people’s lawsuits and disputes, and in times of emergency they worked as | '''Judges''' are political and military leaders who led the Israelites from the time they entered the land of Canaan until the first king, [[Saul]], was appointed. The Hebrew word judge is ''shophet'', which is derived from ''shaphat'', which means to judge or govern. During ordinary times, the judges set judgments and settled the people’s lawsuits and disputes, and in times of emergency they worked as military leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+4%3A4-5&version=NIV |title=Judges 4:4–5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
The judges held various occupations and positions, and when their mission was completed, most of them returned to their original positions; the position of a judge was not hereditary. In the book of Judges, there are twelve judges: Othniel, Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, and Samson. Although not mentioned in the book of Judges, Samuel is regarded as the last judge.<ref>{{ | The judges held various occupations and positions, and when their mission was completed, most of them returned to their original positions; the position of a judge was not hereditary. In the book of Judges, there are twelve judges: Othniel, Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, and Samson. Although not mentioned in the book of Judges, Samuel is regarded as the last judge.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+7%3A15-17&version=NIV |title=1 Samuel 7:15–17}}</ref> | ||
==Composition of the Book of Judges== | ==Composition of the Book of Judges== | ||
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===Failure of Conquest of Canaan and Israel’s Sin ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%201-2&version=NIV Chapters 1–2])=== | ===Failure of Conquest of Canaan and Israel’s Sin ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%201-2&version=NIV Chapters 1–2])=== | ||
After [[Joshua]]’s death and the passing of the generation that had witnessed [[ | After [[Joshua]]’s death and the passing of the generation that had witnessed [[The Power of God|God’s power]] in leading Israel into Canaan, the Israelites gradually forgot about God as subsequent generations arose. | ||
As a result of failing to drive out all the foreign nations during the early stages of the conquest of Canaan, later generations of the Israelites began to worship the Canaanite gods that those nations served. As a result, they provoked God’s anger and were oppressed by neighboring nations. However, God did not abandon Israel but raised up judges to deliver them from the hands of their enemies. Yet, whenever a judge died, the people returned to their rebellion and committed even greater sins. | As a result of failing to drive out all the foreign nations during the early stages of the conquest of Canaan, later generations of the Israelites began to worship the Canaanite gods that those nations served. As a result, they provoked God’s anger and were oppressed by neighboring nations. However, God did not abandon Israel but raised up judges to deliver them from the hands of their enemies. Yet, whenever a judge died, the people returned to their rebellion and committed even greater sins. | ||
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===Gideon and His 300 Warriors ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%206-8&version=NIV Chapters 6–8])=== | ===Gideon and His 300 Warriors ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%206-8&version=NIV Chapters 6–8])=== | ||
[[ | [[file:054.Gideon Chooses 300 Soldiers.jpg |thumb| px| ''Gideon Chooses 300 Soldiers'' by Gustave Doré, 1866]] | ||
Again, Israel did evil, and for seven years, they were oppressed by the Midianites. The Midianites would swarm in whenever the Israelites planted crops, ruining the harvest. They did not spare a living thing for Israel, neither sheep nor cattle nor donkeys. The people made hiding places in the caves of the mountains, and life became so difficult that they were impoverished. | Again, Israel did evil, and for seven years, they were oppressed by the Midianites. The Midianites would swarm in whenever the Israelites planted crops, ruining the harvest. They did not spare a living thing for Israel, neither sheep nor cattle nor donkeys. The people made hiding places in the caves of the mountains, and life became so difficult that they were impoverished. | ||
In response to their cries, God raised up [[Gideon]] as a judge. The first thing Gideon did was tear down the altar of Baal and cut down the Asherah pole. Because of this act of defiance against Baal, Gideon was given the name “Jerub-Baal,” which means “contender with Baal.” | In response to their cries, God raised up [[Gideon]] as a judge. The first thing Gideon did was to tear down the altar of Baal and cut down the Asherah pole. Because of this act of defiance against Baal, Gideon was given the name “Jerub-Baal,” which means “contender with Baal.” | ||
Afterward, he gathered an army of 32,000 men and set out toward the enemy’s camp. Despite the Midianite army numbering 135,000, God told Gideon that Israel’s army was too large. He instructed Gideon to send home those who were afraid, and 22,000 men returned. From the remaining 10,000, God chose only 300 men who lapped the water instead of kneeling down to drink, and sent the rest away. | Afterward, he gathered an army of 32,000 men and set out toward the enemy’s camp. Despite the Midianite army numbering 135,000, God told Gideon that Israel’s army was too large. He instructed Gideon to send home those who were afraid, and 22,000 men returned. From the remaining 10,000, God chose only 300 men who lapped the water instead of kneeling down to drink, and sent the rest away. | ||
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Gideon’s son, Abimelech, killed his 70 brothers and conspired with his relatives in Shechem to become king. However, he was soon betrayed and was killed by a millstone thrown by a woman, receiving the punishment for his evil deeds. After Abimelech’s death, Tola became a judge and ruled for 23 years. Then, Jair became the judge of Israel for 22 years. | Gideon’s son, Abimelech, killed his 70 brothers and conspired with his relatives in Shechem to become king. However, he was soon betrayed and was killed by a millstone thrown by a woman, receiving the punishment for his evil deeds. After Abimelech’s death, Tola became a judge and ruled for 23 years. Then, Jair became the judge of Israel for 22 years. | ||
After Jair’s death, the Israelites once again abandoned God and served the Baals | After Jair’s death, the Israelites once again abandoned God and served the Baals, the Ashtoreths, and the gods of the surrounding foreign nations. God was infuriated with them, and brought Israel to be oppressed by the Philistines and the Ammonites. The Israelites living in Gilead, east of the [[Jordan|Jordan River]], endured severe oppression for 18 years. The Ammonites also attacked the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and Ephraim on the other side of the Jordan. The Israelites forsook their [[Idol|idols]] and repented to God. At that time, God raised up a judge, Jephthah, a man from Gilead. | ||
Jephthah, who lived in the land of Tob, achieved a great victory over the Ammonites. However, in the battle against the Ammonites, he made a rash vow to God, promising to offer as a burnt offering the first person to greet him upon his return home if he was granted victory. Unfortunately, the first to meet him was his only daughter, whom he ultimately had to sacrifice. Jephthah served as a judge and ruled over Israel for six years. After Jephthah’s death, Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel for seven years, Elon of the tribe of Zebulun judged for ten years, and Abdon, a man from Pirathon in Ephraim judged for eight years.<ref>{{ | Jephthah, who lived in the land of Tob, achieved a great victory over the Ammonites. However, in the battle against the Ammonites, he made a rash vow to God, promising to offer as a burnt offering the first person to greet him upon his return home if he was granted victory. Unfortunately, the first to meet him was his only daughter, whom he ultimately had to sacrifice. Jephthah served as a judge and ruled over Israel for six years. After Jephthah’s death, Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel for seven years, Elon of the tribe of Zebulun judged for ten years, and Abdon, a man from Pirathon in Ephraim judged for eight years.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+12%3A8-15&version=NIV |title=Judges 12:8–15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+12%3A11&version=NIV |title=Judges 12:11 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+12%3A13-14&version=NIV |title=Judges 12:13–14|publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
===Samson ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%2013-16&version=NIV Chapters 13–16])=== | ===Samson ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%2013-16&version=NIV Chapters 13–16])=== | ||
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===Corruption of Israel ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%2017-21&version=NIV Chapters 17–21])=== | ===Corruption of Israel ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%2017-21&version=NIV Chapters 17–21])=== | ||
Micah, from the hill country of Ephraim, built a shrine in his house, set up an ephod and [[ | Micah, from the hill country of Ephraim, built a shrine in his house, set up an ephod and [[Teraphim|household idols]], and appointed his own son as a [[priest]]. Then, Micah took in a young Levite who had left Bethlehem in Judah and made him his priest, hoping that God would bless him because a [[Levites]] was now serving as his priest. | ||
At that time, the tribe of Dan, unable to secure land due to the pressure from the Philistines, sought to find a new place to settle. They knew that Micah’s house contained the ephod, household idols, and other idols, so they took them by force, and they also took the young Levite to be their priest for their tribe. The tribe of Dan captured the city of Laish and renamed it Dan, after their tribe.<ref>{{ | At that time, the tribe of Dan, unable to secure land due to the pressure from the Philistines, sought to find a new place to settle. They knew that Micah’s house contained the ephod, household idols, and other idols, so they took them by force, and they also took the young Levite to be their priest for their tribe. The tribe of Dan captured the city of Laish and renamed it Dan, after their tribe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+18%3A31&version=NIV |title=Judges 18:31 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
The reason for the repeated idol worship and moral decay in Israel during the time of the judges was that the people did not consider God, but instead judged and acted according to their own thoughts of right and wrong.<ref>{{ | The reason for the repeated idol worship and moral decay in Israel during the time of the judges was that the people did not consider God, but instead judged and acted according to their own thoughts of right and wrong.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+21%3A25&version=NIV |title=Judges 21:25 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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