Crucifixion: Difference between revisions
Created page with "{{그림|Crucifixion_십자가고난.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=320px |타이틀=Humanity, condemned to spiritual death, was granted forgiveness of sins, salvation, and the blessing of eternal life through Jesus’ suffering on the cross.}} The '''suffering on the cross''' refers to Jesus Christ’ death on the cross as a sin offering to save mankind, who were destined to die because of their sins. According to the prophecies of the Bible, Jesus..." |
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{{그림|Crucifixion_십자가고난.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=320px |타이틀=Humanity, condemned to spiritual death, was granted forgiveness of sins, salvation, and the blessing of eternal life through Jesus’ suffering on the cross.}} | <!-- interlanguage:start -->[[ko:십자가 고난]]<!-- interlanguage:end -->{{그림|Crucifixion_십자가고난.jpg |정렬=오른쪽섬네일 | 너비=320px |타이틀=Humanity, condemned to spiritual death, was granted forgiveness of sins, salvation, and the blessing of eternal life through Jesus’ suffering on the cross.}} | ||
The '''suffering on the cross''' refers to [[Jesus Christ]] | The '''suffering on the cross''' refers to [[Jesus Christ]]’s death on the [[cross]] as a sin offering to save mankind, who were destined to die because of their sins. According to the prophecies of the [[Bible]], Jesus endured scourging, was pierced by a spear, and suffered agonizing pain.<ref name="Isaiah">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+53%3A5&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 53:5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Through Jesus’ suffering on the cross for the sake of redemption, humanity was able to walk the path of forgiveness and eternal life. | ||
==Arrest and Interrogation== | ==Arrest and Interrogation== | ||
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After the trial, Pilate found no grounds for execution.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23%3A4&version=NIV |title=Luke 23:4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Pilate sent Jesus to [[Herod]] Antipas, the tetrarch of [[Galilee]], who was in [[Jerusalem]] at the time, but Herod also found no criminal offense.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23%3A6-11&version=NIV |title=Luke 23:6–11 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Despite Pilate’s attempts to release Jesus, fearing a riot and political repercussions, he ultimately handed Him over to the Jews, who demanded crucifixion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23%3A13-16&version=NIV |title=Luke 23:13–16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19%3A12-13&version=NIV |title=John 19:12–13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27%3A24-25&version=NIV |title=Matthew 27:24–25 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Jews demanded that Jesus be [[Cross|crucified]] and executed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23%3A23&version=NIV |title=Luke 23:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+15%3A14-15&version=NIV |title=Mark 15:14–15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The trial ended, and the sentence was carried out immediately. | After the trial, Pilate found no grounds for execution.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23%3A4&version=NIV |title=Luke 23:4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Pilate sent Jesus to [[Herod]] Antipas, the tetrarch of [[Galilee]], who was in [[Jerusalem]] at the time, but Herod also found no criminal offense.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23%3A6-11&version=NIV |title=Luke 23:6–11 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Despite Pilate’s attempts to release Jesus, fearing a riot and political repercussions, he ultimately handed Him over to the Jews, who demanded crucifixion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23%3A13-16&version=NIV |title=Luke 23:13–16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19%3A12-13&version=NIV |title=John 19:12–13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27%3A24-25&version=NIV |title=Matthew 27:24–25 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Jews demanded that Jesus be [[Cross|crucified]] and executed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23%3A23&version=NIV |title=Luke 23:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+15%3A14-15&version=NIV |title=Mark 15:14–15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The trial ended, and the sentence was carried out immediately. | ||
;*'''Crucifixion''' | ;*'''Crucifixion''' | ||
: Crucifixion was one of the most brutal punishments of the Roman Empire.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Cic.%20Ver.%202.5.165&lang=original The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero], M. Tullius Cicero, trans. C. D. Yonge (''London: George Bell & Sons'', 1903), Ver. 2.5.165</ref> Victims, severely scourged, were nailed or tied to wooden crosses, enduring prolonged agony until death. Nails driven through the hands and feet caused severe bleeding, leading to excruciating headaches, as if the head | : Crucifixion was one of the most brutal punishments of the Roman Empire.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Cic.%20Ver.%202.5.165&lang=original The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero], M. Tullius Cicero, trans. C. D. Yonge (''London: George Bell & Sons'', 1903), Ver. 2.5.165</ref> Victims, severely scourged, were nailed or tied to wooden crosses, enduring prolonged agony until death. Nails driven through the hands and feet caused severe bleeding, leading to excruciating headaches, as if the head was splitting, and high fever. Death row inmates suffer extreme suffering, including wounds, bleeding, headaches, high fever, exhaustion, hunger, thirst, chills, and other agonizing conditions, leading to their eventual death. In Rome, crucifixion was reserved for slaves, colonized peoples, and criminals guilty of heinous crimes or rebellion.<ref>Vital Biblical Issues, Roy B. Zuck, Roy Zuck, ''Wipf & Stock Publishers'', 2011, pg.106</ref><ref>[https://drivethruhistoryadventures.com/roman-crucifixion-execution-jesus/ Roman Crucifixion and the Execution of Jesus], ''Drive Thru History Adventures'', March 27, 2018</ref> Knowing they could not execute Jesus on religious grounds, the Jewish leaders accused Him of rebellion, leading to His crucifixion as a Roman traitor. That was the reason above Jesus’ cross, the charge “King of the Jews” was inscribed.<ref name="유대인의왕">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27%3A37&version=NIV |title=Matthew 27:37 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> To the Jews, one hung on a tree was considered cursed by [[God]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+21%3A22-23&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 21:22–23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> making crucifixion a symbol of divine condemnation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+3%3A13&version=NIV |title=Galatians 3:13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
==Pain and Sacrifice on the Cross== | ==Pain and Sacrifice on the Cross== | ||
Jesus, [[God in the Flesh (Incarnation)|God in the flesh]], experienced the pain and suffering of humanity. He endured severe torment, including being scourged and bleeding on the cross, yet He bore all humiliation and agony with patience and unwavering endurance. It was His boundless love for the salvation of humanity. Finally, as prophesied in the Scriptures, He sacrificed Himself for the sins of all mankind.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+15%3A3-4&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 15:3–4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | Jesus, [[God in the Flesh (Incarnation)|God in the flesh]], experienced the pain and suffering of humanity. He endured severe torment, including being scourged and bleeding on the cross, yet He bore all humiliation and agony with patience and unwavering endurance. It was His boundless love for the salvation of humanity. Finally, as prophesied in the Scriptures, He sacrificed Himself for the sins of all mankind.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+15%3A3-4&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 15:3–4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
===Flogged=== | ===Flogged=== | ||
[[file:Peter Paul Rubens - The Flagellation of Christ - WGA20432.jpg | | [[file:Peter Paul Rubens - The Flagellation of Christ - WGA20432.jpg |thumb| 200px |''The Flagellation of Christ'' by Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640)]] | ||
The first step of crucifixion was scourging. Roman soldiers mercilessly flogged Jesus. The Roman whip had pieces of animal bone or metal, such as lead, attached to its ends.<ref>[https://raisingjesus.com/blog/148-what-was-roman-crucifixion-like What was Roman Crucifixion Like?], ''Raising Jesus'', April 7, 2020</ref> As a result, the flogging inflicted deep wounds, tearing away flesh and exposing bone, and in severe cases, it often led to death. The excruciating pain of the brutal scourging, with blood splattering everywhere, was beyond description. | The first step of crucifixion was scourging. Roman soldiers mercilessly flogged Jesus. The Roman whip had pieces of animal bone or metal, such as lead, attached to its ends.<ref>[https://raisingjesus.com/blog/148-what-was-roman-crucifixion-like What was Roman Crucifixion Like?], ''Raising Jesus'', April 7, 2020</ref> As a result, the flogging inflicted deep wounds, tearing away flesh and exposing bone, and in severe cases, it often led to death. The excruciating pain of the brutal scourging, with blood splattering everywhere, was beyond description. | ||
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===Death on the Cross=== | ===Death on the Cross=== | ||
[[file:Peter Paul Rubens 069.jpg | | [[file:Peter Paul Rubens 069.jpg |thumb|180px |''Christ on the Cross'' by Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640)]] | ||
Around three in the afternoon (the ninth hour), Jesus said in a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, | Around three in the afternoon (the ninth hour), Jesus said in a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?” (which means “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27%3A46&version=NIV |title=Matthew 27:46 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> He also said, “I am thirsty,” and was given sour wine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19%3A28-30&version=NIV |title=John 19:28–30 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> All of these things were the fulfillment of the Scripture.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+22%3A1&version=NIV |title=Psalms 22:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+69%3A21&version=NIV |title=Psalms 69:21 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> After enduring six hours of agony on the cross, Jesus spoke His final words, “It is finished,” and breathed His last.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19%3A30&version=NIV |title=John 19:30 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> At that moment, the curtain of the [[Sanctuary (Tabernacle)|temple]] was torn in two from top to bottom, and the earth quaked.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27%3A50-51&version=NIV |title=Matthew 27:50–51 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
As it was the day of preparation for the Sabbath, the Jews urged Pilate to have the legs of the crucified men broken so their bodies could be removed quickly.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19%3A31&version=NIV |title=John 19:31 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Breaking their legs would hasten death by preventing them from pushing up to breathe. The soldiers broke the legs of the two criminals crucified with Jesus, but when they came to Him, they saw that He was already dead. Instead of breaking His legs, they pierced His side with a spear, and blood and water flowed out. This, too, fulfilled the Scripture,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19%3A32-37&version=NIV |title=John 19:32–37 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> as the Passover lamb—a symbol of Jesus—was not to have any of its bones broken.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A46&version=NIV |title=Exodus 12:46 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="유월절양">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 5:7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | As it was the day of preparation for the Sabbath, the Jews urged Pilate to have the legs of the crucified men broken so their bodies could be removed quickly.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19%3A31&version=NIV |title=John 19:31 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Breaking their legs would hasten death by preventing them from pushing up to breathe. The soldiers broke the legs of the two criminals crucified with Jesus, but when they came to Him, they saw that He was already dead. Instead of breaking His legs, they pierced His side with a spear, and blood and water flowed out. This, too, fulfilled the Scripture,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19%3A32-37&version=NIV |title=John 19:32–37 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> as the Passover lamb—a symbol of Jesus—was not to have any of its bones broken.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A46&version=NIV |title=Exodus 12:46 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="유월절양">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 5:7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
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*[[Life of Jesus]] | *[[Life of Jesus]] | ||
*[[Prophecies About Jesus in the Bible]] | *[[Prophecies About Jesus in the Bible]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Appearance and Living Environment of Jesus]] | ||
*[[Major | *[[The Major Works of Jesus Christ]] | ||
*[[Miracles | *[[Miracles of Jesus]] | ||
*[[Teachings of Jesus Christ]] | *[[The Teachings of Jesus Christ]] | ||
*[[Parables | *[[Parables of Jesus]] | ||
*[[The Last Supper]] | *[[The Last Supper]] | ||
*[[Jesus’ Resurrection]] | *[[Jesus’ Resurrection]] | ||
*[[Ascension of Jesus]] | *[[The Ascension of Jesus]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||