The Law of Moses: Difference between revisions
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[[File:MCC-31231 Mozes toont de wetstafelen (1).tif|thumb|''Moses and the Ten Commandments'' by an ''a''nonymous author in Museum Catharijneconvent, the Netherlands]] | <!-- interlanguage:start -->[[ko:모세의 율법]]<!-- interlanguage:end -->[[File:MCC-31231 Mozes toont de wetstafelen (1).tif|thumb|''Moses and the Ten Commandments'' by an ''a''nonymous author in Museum Catharijneconvent, the Netherlands]]The '''Law of Moses''' refers to the laws given by God [[Jehovah]] to the Israelites at Mount Sinai through [[Moses]]. This Law contains a covenant promising that if the Israelites adhere to it, they will be recognized as God’s people and receive His blessings. In Hebrew, it is called ''Torah'' (תֹּורַה, law).<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8451.htm Strong's Hebrew: 8451. תּוֹרָה], ''Bible Hub''</ref> | ||
The '''Law of Moses''' refers to the laws given by God [[Jehovah]] to the Israelites at Mount Sinai through [[Moses]]. This Law contains a covenant promising that if the Israelites adhere to it, they will be recognized as God’s people and receive His blessings. In Hebrew, it is called ''Torah'' (תֹּורַה, law).<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8451.htm Strong's Hebrew: 8451. תּוֹרָה], ''Bible Hub''</ref> | |||
The Law of Moses encompasses a broad range of religious and moral regulations established by God for the Israelites, beginning with the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]]. It refers to the Pentateuch ([[Genesis]], [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]], [[Book of Leviticus|Leviticus]], [[Book of Numbers|Numbers]], and [[ | The Law of Moses encompasses a broad range of religious and moral regulations established by God for the Israelites, beginning with the [[The Ten Commandments|Ten Commandments]]. It refers to the Pentateuch ([[Genesis]], [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]], [[Book of Leviticus|Leviticus]], [[Book of Numbers|Numbers]], and [[Deuteronomy|Deuteronomy]]), where God’s regulations are recorded, or it refers to the entire [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]] written in Hebrew (some Aramaic).<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Torah Torah,] ''Britannica''</ref> | ||
The Israelites adhered to the Law of Moses as a fulfillment of their promise to become God’s people, viewing it as both their right and responsibility.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+19%3A5-8&version=NIV |title=Exodus 19:5–8|quote= }}</ref> Around 586 BC, after the [[Southern Kingdom of Judah|Kingdom of Judah]] was destroyed by [[Babylon]] (Neo-Babylonian Empire), the Jews, living in exile and unable to offer sacrifices in the [[temple]], believed that strictly observing the Law of Moses was the only path to righteousness and salvation. This emphasis on the Law has led to an excessive legalism.<ref>The London Quarterly Review, ''E.C. Barton'', Vol.27, 1867, pg.166</ref> In Judaism, the Law of Moses continues to be upheld as a guiding principle of faith up until today. | The Israelites adhered to the Law of Moses as a fulfillment of their promise to become God’s people, viewing it as both their right and responsibility.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+19%3A5-8&version=NIV |title=Exodus 19:5–8|quote= }}</ref> Around 586 BC, after the [[Southern Kingdom of Judah|Kingdom of Judah]] was destroyed by [[Babylon]] (Neo-Babylonian Empire), the Jews, living in exile and unable to offer sacrifices in the [[temple]], believed that strictly observing the Law of Moses was the only path to righteousness and salvation. This emphasis on the Law has led to an excessive legalism.<ref>The London Quarterly Review, ''E.C. Barton'', Vol.27, 1867, pg.166</ref> In Judaism, the Law of Moses continues to be upheld as a guiding principle of faith up until today. | ||
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==Law, Commandment, and Covenant == | ==Law, Commandment, and Covenant == | ||
[[File:João Zeferino da Costa - Moisés recebendo as tábuas da lei - 1868.jpg|thumb|''Moses Receives the Tablets of the Law'' by João Zeferino da Costa, 1868: The Law of Moses is also called the “old covenant.”]] | [[File:João Zeferino da Costa - Moisés recebendo as tábuas da lei - 1868.jpg|thumb|''Moses Receives the Tablets of the Law'' by João Zeferino da Costa, 1868: The Law of Moses is also called the “old covenant.”]] | ||
The Law of Moses is referred to as the “[[Old Covenant|old covenant]]” in the context of covenant. In the Bible, law, covenant, and commandment are fundamentally interconnected. When God Jehovah gave Moses the tablets of the Ten Commandments, He said that they would contain both “law and commandments,” and the Ten Commandments themselves are also referred to as a covenant. | The Law of Moses is referred to as the “[[The Old Covenant|old covenant]]” in the context of covenant. In the Bible, law, covenant, and commandment are fundamentally interconnected. When God Jehovah gave Moses the tablets of the Ten Commandments, He said that they would contain both “law and commandments,” and the Ten Commandments themselves are also referred to as a covenant. | ||
*The LORD said to Moses, “Come up to me on the mountain and stay here, and I will give you the tablets of stone with the '''law and commandments''' I have written for their instruction.” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2024%3A12&version=NIV Exodus 24:12]) | *The LORD said to Moses, “Come up to me on the mountain and stay here, and I will give you the tablets of stone with the '''law and commandments''' I have written for their instruction.” ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2024%3A12&version=NIV Exodus 24:12]) | ||
* Moses was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. And he wrote on the tablets the '''words of the covenant—the Ten Commandments'''. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2034%3A28&version=NIV Exodus 34:28]) | * Moses was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. And he wrote on the tablets the '''words of the covenant—the Ten Commandments'''. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2034%3A28&version=NIV Exodus 34:28]) | ||
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==The Purpose of Establishing the Law of Moses== | ==The Purpose of Establishing the Law of Moses== | ||
===Life and Blessing=== | ===Life and Blessing=== | ||
In the Old Testament era, God promised blessings to those who faithfully observed the Law of Moses. By adhering to the statutes and decrees written in the Book of the Law, the people received tangible blessings, such as family prosperity, wealth, and longevity.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+28%3A1-6&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 28:1–6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A12&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Law was regarded as the path to life and blessing. However, God warned that death and curses would befall those who violated His law.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+30%3A9-20&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 30:9–20|quote= }}</ref> This warning was vividly demonstrated throughout the history of Israel. Whenever the people transgressed [[Law of God|God’s law]], calamities overtook them, and ultimately, their persistent disobedience led to the downfall of their nation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+8%3A1-4&version=NIV |title=Hosea 8:1–4|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+44%3A22-23&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 44:22–23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | In the Old Testament era, God promised blessings to those who faithfully observed the Law of Moses. By adhering to the statutes and decrees written in the Book of the Law, the people received tangible blessings, such as family prosperity, wealth, and longevity.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+28%3A1-6&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 28:1–6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A12&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Law was regarded as the path to life and blessing. However, God warned that death and curses would befall those who violated His law.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+30%3A9-20&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 30:9–20|quote= }}</ref> This warning was vividly demonstrated throughout the history of Israel. Whenever the people transgressed [[The Law of God|God’s law]], calamities overtook them, and ultimately, their persistent disobedience led to the downfall of their nation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+8%3A1-4&version=NIV |title=Hosea 8:1–4|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+44%3A22-23&version=NIV |title=Jeremiah 44:22–23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
===The Law of Moses Is a Copy and Shadow=== | ===The Law of Moses Is a Copy and Shadow=== | ||
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A prime example is the [[Passover]]. While the Israelites were enslaved in Egypt, God commanded them to observe the Passover with the flesh and blood of a lamb, which delivered them from their bondage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A5-33&version=NIV |title=Exodus 12:5–33|quote= }}</ref> In the New Testament, [[Jesus Christ]] came as the reality of the Passover lamb.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7-8&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 5:7–8|quote= }}</ref> To liberate humanity, who had become enslaved to sin and death, He established the [[The New Covenant Passover|New Covenant Passover]], which is observed with His flesh and blood, that is, bread and wine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A19%2C&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:19, 26–28|quote= }}</ref> | A prime example is the [[Passover]]. While the Israelites were enslaved in Egypt, God commanded them to observe the Passover with the flesh and blood of a lamb, which delivered them from their bondage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A5-33&version=NIV |title=Exodus 12:5–33|quote= }}</ref> In the New Testament, [[Jesus Christ]] came as the reality of the Passover lamb.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7-8&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 5:7–8|quote= }}</ref> To liberate humanity, who had become enslaved to sin and death, He established the [[The New Covenant Passover|New Covenant Passover]], which is observed with His flesh and blood, that is, bread and wine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26%3A19%2C&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:19, 26–28|quote= }}</ref> | ||
Additionally, the [[ | Additionally, the [[Feast of Firstfruits|Feast of Firstfruits]], which occurs on a Sunday, the day after the first Sabbath following the [[The Feast of Unleavened Bread|Feast of Unleavened Bread]], involves presenting the first sheaf of the harvest to God.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A10-11&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:10–11 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Jesus also became the offering of Firstfruits by being [[Resurrection|resurrected]] on Sunday, the day after the Sabbath, as the “firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+15%3A20&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 15:20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+16%3A1-9&version=NIV |title=Mark 16:1–9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
Since ancient times, God has been tirelessly working to establish a plan of salvation that allows people to understand the Law of Christ through the Law of Moses, ultimately leading them to salvation. Therefore, both the Law of Moses and the Law of Christ, which is the new covenant, were established out of God’s love to bring salvation to humanity. | Since ancient times, God has been tirelessly working to establish a plan of salvation that allows people to understand the Law of Christ through the Law of Moses, ultimately leading them to salvation. Therefore, both the Law of Moses and the Law of Christ, which is the new covenant, were established out of God’s love to bring salvation to humanity. | ||
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==The Abolition and the Completion of the Law of Moses== | ==The Abolition and the Completion of the Law of Moses== | ||
[[File:Joseph von Führich - Gott schreibt Moses auf dem Berg Sinai die zehn Gebote auf zwei steinerne Tafeln - 2540 - Kunsthistorisches Museum.jpg|thumb|''God Writes the Ten Commandments to Moses on Two Tablets of Stone on Mount Sinai'' by Joseph von Führich, 1835: The Law of Moses was fulfilled and completed through the Law of Christ.]] | [[File:Joseph von Führich - Gott schreibt Moses auf dem Berg Sinai die zehn Gebote auf zwei steinerne Tafeln - 2540 - Kunsthistorisches Museum.jpg|thumb|''God Writes the Ten Commandments to Moses on Two Tablets of Stone on Mount Sinai'' by Joseph von Führich, 1835: The Law of Moses was fulfilled and completed through the Law of Christ.]] | ||
As a copy and shadow of the Law of Christ to come,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+10%3A1&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 10:1|quote= }}</ref> the Law of Moses was set aside upon the establishment of Christ’s law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+7%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 7:18–19|quote= }}</ref> During the apostolic era, some Jewish believers in the early Church advocated for the continued observance of the Law of Moses, including the practice of [[circumcision]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+15%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Acts 15:1–2|quote= }}</ref> This matter was addressed at the [[Jerusalem]] Council, which convened under the guidance of the [[The Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]]. The council concluded that requiring circumcision disturbed the believers’ minds and created confusion among them. They declared that circumcision was no longer a requirement in the New Testament era. Additionally, the council clarified the [[Biblical | As a copy and shadow of the Law of Christ to come,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+10%3A1&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 10:1|quote= }}</ref> the Law of Moses was set aside upon the establishment of Christ’s law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+7%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 7:18–19|quote= }}</ref> During the apostolic era, some Jewish believers in the early Church advocated for the continued observance of the Law of Moses, including the practice of [[circumcision]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+15%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Acts 15:1–2|quote= }}</ref> This matter was addressed at the [[Jerusalem]] Council, which convened under the guidance of the [[The Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]]. The council concluded that requiring circumcision disturbed the believers’ minds and created confusion among them. They declared that circumcision was no longer a requirement in the New Testament era. Additionally, the council clarified the [[Biblical Dietary Laws|dietary laws of the New Testament]] applicable to [[Christian|Christians]], effectively nullifying the [[Biblical Dietary Laws|dietary regulations of the Old Testament]] prescribed by the Law of Moses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+15%3A22-29&version=NIV |title=Acts 15:22–29|quote= }}</ref> | ||
Apostle Paul emphasized that receiving circumcision is of no benefit and warned that those who seek to observe the Law are severed from Christ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+5%3A2-6&version=NIV |title=Galatians 5:2–6|quote= }}</ref> He clarified that the rite required for New Testament Christians is not circumcision but [[baptism]], emphasizing that Jesus, through His [[Crucifixion|sacrifice on the cross]], abolished the Old Testament Law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+2%3A11-17&version=NIV |title=Colossians 2:11–17|quote= }}</ref> The law Paul cautioned against was not the Law of Christ but rather the Mosaic Law observed in the Old Testament. | Apostle Paul emphasized that receiving circumcision is of no benefit and warned that those who seek to observe the Law are severed from Christ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+5%3A2-6&version=NIV |title=Galatians 5:2–6|quote= }}</ref> He clarified that the rite required for New Testament Christians is not circumcision but [[baptism]], emphasizing that Jesus, through His [[Crucifixion|sacrifice on the cross]], abolished the Old Testament Law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+2%3A11-17&version=NIV |title=Colossians 2:11–17|quote= }}</ref> The law Paul cautioned against was not the Law of Christ but rather the Mosaic Law observed in the Old Testament. | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Law of Christ]] | *[[Law of Christ]] | ||
*[[Old Covenant]] | *[[The Old Covenant]] | ||
*[[The Ten Commandments]] | *[[The Ten Commandments]] | ||
*[[Moses]] | *[[Moses]] | ||