God’s Covenant: Difference between revisions
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[[ | <!-- interlanguage:start -->[[ko:하나님의 언약]]<!-- interlanguage:end -->'''God’s covenant''' refers to the sacred promise between [[God]] and His people, often described as a contract or agreement. God established a covenant with His chosen people, and through it, He carried out the work of redemption. Throughout history, those who have upheld God’s covenant have been blessed and saved as God’s people. | ||
'''God’s covenant''' refers to the sacred promise between [[God]] and His people, often described as a contract or agreement. God established a covenant with His chosen people, and through it, He carried out the work of redemption. Throughout history, those who have upheld God’s covenant have been blessed and saved as God’s people. | |||
There are two primary types of covenants: the [[Old Covenant|old covenant]] and the [[New Covenant|new covenant.]] The old covenant was the agreement between God and the people of Israel, spanning from the time of Moses until the arrival of [[Jesus Christ]]. The new covenant is the new agreement that Jesus Christ established with humanity. In the Old Testament, God’s covenant was simply recorded as a “covenant.” However, after the establishment of the new covenant in the New Testament era, the covenant of the Old Testament came to be known as the “old covenant” or “the first covenant.” The terms ''[[The Old Testament|Old Testament]]'' and ''[[The New Testament|New Testament]]'' originate from this distinction. In essence, the [[Bible]] itself can be understood as the covenant given by God. | There are two primary types of covenants: the [[Old Covenant|old covenant]] and the [[New Covenant|new covenant.]] The old covenant was the agreement between God and the people of Israel, spanning from the time of Moses until the arrival of [[Jesus Christ]]. The new covenant is the new agreement that Jesus Christ established with humanity. In the Old Testament, God’s covenant was simply recorded as a “covenant.” However, after the establishment of the new covenant in the New Testament era, the covenant of the Old Testament came to be known as the “old covenant” or “the first covenant.” The terms ''[[The Old Testament|Old Testament]]'' and ''[[The New Testament|New Testament]]'' originate from this distinction. In essence, the [[Bible]] itself can be understood as the covenant given by God. | ||
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====The Order of Aaron==== | ====The Order of Aaron==== | ||
The sacrificial practices described in the Law of Moses | The sacrificial practices described in the Law of Moses are called the priesthood in the order of Aaron. In this system, [[Priest|priests]] offered animal sacrifices—such as lambs, bulls, and goats—in the sanctuary, shedding their blood before God.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+1%3A1-5&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 1:1–5 |publisher=|quote= }}</ref> Through these sacrifices, the people could receive atonement for their sins.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+4%3A1-35&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 4:1–35|quote= }}</ref> [[Aaron]] was the first high priest, and God appointed his direct descendants from the tribe of Levi to serve as the priests for the generations to come.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+40%3A12-15&version=NIV |title=Exodus 40:12–15|quote= }}</ref> The priestly covenant was later reaffirmed during the time of Phinehas, Aaron’s grandson.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+25%3A10-13&version=NIV |title=Numbers 25:10–13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
===David=== | ===David=== | ||
[[File:5201-king-david-in-prayer-pieter-de-grebber.jpg|thumb|200px|''King David'' ''in Prayer'' by Pieter de Grebber, 1635–1640]] | [[File:5201-king-david-in-prayer-pieter-de-grebber.jpg|thumb|200px|''King David'' ''in Prayer'' by Pieter de Grebber, 1635–1640]] | ||
Another significant covenant in the Old Testament was God’s promise to [[David]], the second king of Israel. When David expressed his desire to build a [[temple]] for God, the LORD spoke through the prophet Nathan, declaring, “Your dynasty will be established forever through your descendants.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+7%3A8-17&version=NIV |title=2 Samuel 7:8–17|quote= }}</ref> Even after Israel split into the [[northern Kingdom of Israel]] and the [[southern Kingdom of Judah]], God’s covenant with David remained unchanged. Unlike the northern Kingdom of Israel, where kings frequently changed due to rebellions and assassinations, throne of Judah remained in the hands of David’s descendants until the kingdom fell.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+21%3A7&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 21:7|quote= }}</ref> | Another significant covenant in the Old Testament was God’s promise to [[David]], the second king of Israel. When David expressed his desire to build a [[temple]] for God, the LORD spoke through the prophet Nathan, declaring, “Your dynasty will be established forever through your descendants.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+7%3A8-17&version=NIV |title=2 Samuel 7:8–17|quote= }}</ref> Even after Israel split into the [[northern Kingdom of Israel]] and the [[southern Kingdom of Judah]], God’s covenant with David remained unchanged. Unlike the northern Kingdom of Israel, where kings frequently changed due to rebellions and assassinations, the throne of Judah remained in the hands of David’s descendants until the kingdom fell.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+21%3A7&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 21:7|quote= }}</ref> | ||
==God’s Covenant in the New Testament Times== | ==God’s Covenant in the New Testament Times== | ||
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{{quote5 |내용='''In the last days''' the mountain of the LORD’s temple will be established as the highest of the mountains; It will be exalted above the hills, and '''all nations''' will stream to it. '''Many peoples''' will come and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the temple of the God of Jacob. He will teach us his ways, so that we may walk in his paths.” '''The law will go out from Zion''', the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2002&version=NIV Isaiah 2:2–3]}} | {{quote5 |내용='''In the last days''' the mountain of the LORD’s temple will be established as the highest of the mountains; It will be exalted above the hills, and '''all nations''' will stream to it. '''Many peoples''' will come and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the temple of the God of Jacob. He will teach us his ways, so that we may walk in his paths.” '''The law will go out from Zion''', the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2002&version=NIV Isaiah 2:2–3]}} | ||
Zion, where the new law is established, is not a physical location in Israel but rather [[spiritual Zion]]—the church that observes the [[The Feasts of God|feasts of God]] under the new covenant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+33%3A20-22&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 33:20–22|quote= }}</ref> The feasts of the new covenant are the regulations that Jesus set as an example through His teachings and actions during His three-year ministry. Jesus kept the New Covenant Passover with His disciples,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2026%3A19%2C%2026%E2%80%9328&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:19, 26–28|quote= }}</ref> baptized people,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+3%3A22&version=NIV |title=John 3:22|quote= }}</ref> and observed the [[Sabbath]] as His custom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+4%3A16&version=NIV |title=Luke 4:16|quote= }}</ref> On the [[Feast of Tabernacles]], God bestowed the [[The Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] upon His people.<ref name="초막절">[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%207%3A2%2C%2037%E2%80%9339&version=NIV John 7:2, 37–39]</ref> The early Church faithfully followed Christ’s laws,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A15&version=NIV |title=John 13:15|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+28%3A20&version=NIV |title=Matthew 28:20|quote= }}</ref> observing baptism,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+3%3A21&version=NIV |title=2 Peter 3:21|quote= }}</ref> the Sabbath,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+17%3A2&version=NIV |title=Acts 17:2|quote= }}</ref> [[Pentecost]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+2%3A1-4&version=NIV |title=Acts 2:1–4|quote= }}</ref> and the Passover<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7-8&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 5:7–8|quote= }}</ref> according to Jesus’ teachings and example. Zion is the place where the feasts of the new covenant are observed—the dwelling place of God’s covenant and law. | Zion, where the new law is established, is not a physical location in Israel but rather a [[spiritual Zion]]—the church that observes the [[The Feasts of God|feasts of God]] under the new covenant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+33%3A20-22&version=NIV |title=Isaiah 33:20–22|quote= }}</ref> The feasts of the new covenant are the regulations that Jesus set as an example through His teachings and actions during His three-year ministry. Jesus kept the New Covenant Passover with His disciples,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2026%3A19%2C%2026%E2%80%9328&version=NIV |title=Matthew 26:19, 26–28|quote= }}</ref> baptized people,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+3%3A22&version=NIV |title=John 3:22|quote= }}</ref> and observed the [[Sabbath]] as His custom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+4%3A16&version=NIV |title=Luke 4:16|quote= }}</ref> On the [[Feast of Tabernacles]], God bestowed the [[The Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] upon His people.<ref name="초막절">[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%207%3A2%2C%2037%E2%80%9339&version=NIV John 7:2, 37–39]</ref> The early Church faithfully followed Christ’s laws,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13%3A15&version=NIV |title=John 13:15|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+28%3A20&version=NIV |title=Matthew 28:20|quote= }}</ref> observing baptism,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Peter+3%3A21&version=NIV |title=2 Peter 3:21|quote= }}</ref> the Sabbath,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+17%3A2&version=NIV |title=Acts 17:2|quote= }}</ref> [[Pentecost]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+2%3A1-4&version=NIV |title=Acts 2:1–4|quote= }}</ref> and the Passover<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+5%3A7-8&version=NIV |title=1 Corinthians 5:7–8|quote= }}</ref> according to Jesus’ teachings and example. Zion is the place where the feasts of the new covenant are observed—the dwelling place of God’s covenant and law. | ||
==Comparison Between the Old Covenant and the New Covenant== | ==Comparison Between the Old Covenant and the New Covenant== | ||
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'''The [[Feast of Weeks]]:''' Offering new grains<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A15-17&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:15–17 |quote= }}</ref> | '''The [[Feast of Weeks]]:''' Offering new grains<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A15-17&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:15–17 |quote= }}</ref> | ||
'''The Feast of Trumpets:''' Prayer | '''The Feast of Trumpets:''' Prayer Week<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A24&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:24|quote= }}</ref> | ||
'''The Day of Atonement:''' Prayer with contrite hearts<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A27-28&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:27–28|quote= }}</ref> | '''The Day of Atonement:''' Prayer with contrite hearts<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+23%3A27-28&version=NIV |title=Leviticus 23:27–28|quote= }}</ref> | ||
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Baptism is a New Testament truth that replaced circumcision from the Old Testament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+2%3A11-12&version=NIV |title=Colossians 2:11–12|quote= }}</ref> In the Old Testament, circumcision was the sign that identified a person as belonging to God’s people. In the New Testament, baptism serves as the sign of salvation for those who belong to God.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+3%3A21&version=NIV |title=1 Peter 3:21|quote= }}</ref> Furthermore, to confirm God’s everlasting and unchanging covenant, Christ gave His disciples the Passover bread and wine, representing His flesh and blood. By partaking of them, people receive the eternal sign of becoming God’s children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A53-56&version=NIV |title=John 6:53–56|quote= }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> | Baptism is a New Testament truth that replaced circumcision from the Old Testament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians+2%3A11-12&version=NIV |title=Colossians 2:11–12|quote= }}</ref> In the Old Testament, circumcision was the sign that identified a person as belonging to God’s people. In the New Testament, baptism serves as the sign of salvation for those who belong to God.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+3%3A21&version=NIV |title=1 Peter 3:21|quote= }}</ref> Furthermore, to confirm God’s everlasting and unchanging covenant, Christ gave His disciples the Passover bread and wine, representing His flesh and blood. By partaking of them, people receive the eternal sign of becoming God’s children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A53-56&version=NIV |title=John 6:53–56|quote= }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> | ||
The book of [[ | The book of [[Deuteronomy|Deuteronomy]] states that those who keep God’s covenant will be exalted above all nations and receive blessings in all they do. Conversely, those who break God’s covenant will face curses. | ||
{{quote5 |내용=If you fully obey the LORD your God and carefully follow all his commands I give you today, the LORD your God will set you high above all the nations on earth. All these blessings will come on you and accompany you if you obey the LORD your God: . . . Your basket and your kneading trough will be blessed. You will be blessed when you come in and blessed when you go out. . . . The LORD will establish you as his holy people, as he promised you on oath, if you keep the commands of the LORD your God and walk in obedience to him. Then all the peoples on earth will see that you are called by the name of the LORD, and they will fear you. . . . However, if you do not obey the LORD your God and do not carefully follow all his commands and decrees I am giving you today, all these curses will come on you and overtake you: You will be cursed in the city and cursed in the country.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy%2028&version=NIV Deuteronomy 28:1–19]}} | {{quote5 |내용=If you fully obey the LORD your God and carefully follow all his commands I give you today, the LORD your God will set you high above all the nations on earth. All these blessings will come on you and accompany you if you obey the LORD your God: . . . Your basket and your kneading trough will be blessed. You will be blessed when you come in and blessed when you go out. . . . The LORD will establish you as his holy people, as he promised you on oath, if you keep the commands of the LORD your God and walk in obedience to him. Then all the peoples on earth will see that you are called by the name of the LORD, and they will fear you. . . . However, if you do not obey the LORD your God and do not carefully follow all his commands and decrees I am giving you today, all these curses will come on you and overtake you: You will be cursed in the city and cursed in the country.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy%2028&version=NIV Deuteronomy 28:1–19]}} | ||
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*[[New Covenant]] | *[[New Covenant]] | ||
*[[Old Covenant]] | *[[Old Covenant]] | ||
*[[Law of God]] | *[[The Law of God]] | ||
*[[Law of Christ]] | *[[Law of Christ]] | ||
*[[The Law of Moses]] | *[[The Law of Moses]] | ||