Northern Kingdom of Israel

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[[File:Kingdoms of Israel and Judah map 830.svg|thumb|Divided Kingdoms of Israel and Judah|lang=en]]

[[ko:북 이스라엘 왕국]][[File:Kingdoms of Israel and Judah map 830.svg|thumb|Divided Kingdoms of Israel and Judah|lang=en]]The '''Northern Kingdom of Israel''' emerged after the united monarchy was divided following the death of King [[Solomon]]. Ten of the [[The Twelve Tribes of Israel|twelve tribes of Israel]]—Reuben, Simeon, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Manasseh, and Ephraim—formed this kingdom. [[Jeroboam]], its first king, initially established Shechem as the capital<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2012%3A25&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 12:25|quote= }}</ref> before relocating it to Tirzah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2014%3A17&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 14:17|quote= }}</ref> Later, Omri, the sixth king, built the city of [[Samaria]] and made it the new capital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2016%3A23-24&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 16:23-24|quote= }}</ref> In the Bible, this kingdom is referred to simply as "Israel," but to distinguish it from the united monarchy, it is commonly called the Northern Kingdom of Israel.

The '''Northern Kingdom of Israel''' emerged after the united monarchy was divided following the death of King [[Solomon]]. Ten of the [[The Twelve Tribes of Israel|twelve tribes of Israel]]—Reuben, Simeon, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Manasseh, and Ephraim—formed this kingdom. [[Jeroboam]], its first king, initially established Shechem as the capital<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2012%3A25&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 12:25|quote= }}</ref> before relocating it to Tirzah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2014%3A17&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 14:17|quote= }}</ref> Later, Omri, the sixth king, built the city of [[Samaria]] and made it the new capital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2016%3A23-24&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 16:23-24|quote= }}</ref> In the Bible, this kingdom is referred to simply as "Israel," but to distinguish it from the united monarchy, it is commonly called the Northern Kingdom of Israel.

From Jeroboam’s reign onward, the kingdom turned to [[Idol|idolatry]] and failed to keep the [[The Commandments of God|commandments of God]]. As a result, it was regarded as evil in the sight of the LORD. The kingdom was plagued by frequent rebellions, with many kings assassinated and replaced by usurpers. Ultimately, it fell to the Assyrian Empire around 721 B.C.<ref>[https://www.esv.org/resources/esv-global-study-bible/chart-11-03b/ The Divided Kingdom: Kings of Israel (all dates B.C.)], ''ESV.org''</ref>

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Shallum (15th), Menahem (16th), Pekah (18th), and Hoshea (19th) all came to power through coups. Like their predecessors, they—along with Pekahiah (17th), the son of Menahem—did evil in the sight of the LORD and did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2015%3A13-30&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 15:13-30|quote= }}</ref>

==Kings of Northern Kingdom of Israel==

==Kings of the Northern Kingdom of Israel==

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During the reign of Ahab, Israel’s 7th king, a political alliance was formed through the marriage of Jehoram,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles%2018%3A1-3&version=NIV|title=2 Chronicles 18:1-3|quote= }}</ref> son of King Jehoshaphat of Judah (4th king), and Athaliah, daughter of Ahab. However, this alliance was shattered when Jehu, the 10th king of Israel, killed Ahaziah, the 6th king of Judah.<ref name="예후징벌" />

Later, Joash, the 12th king of Israel, fought against Amaziah, the 9th king of Judah, at [[Beth ~~Shemesh~~]]. He captured Amaziah, tore down a section of Jerusalem’s wall, and plundered the [[temple]] and royal treasuries, taking gold, silver, and hostages back to Samaria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2014%3A11-14&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 14:11-14|quote= }}</ref>

Later, Joash, the 12th king of Israel, fought against Amaziah, the 9th king of Judah, at [[Beth-shemesh]]. He captured Amaziah, tore down a section of Jerusalem’s wall, and plundered the [[temple]] and royal treasuries, taking gold, silver, and hostages back to Samaria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2014%3A11-14&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 14:11-14|quote= }}</ref>

Pekah, the 18th king of Israel, allied with Rezin, king of Aram, to threaten Jerusalem. King Ahaz of Judah (12th) sought help from Tiglath-Pileser III, king of Assyria, by sending tribute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2016%3A5-8&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 16:5-8|quote= }}</ref> In response, Assyria attacked Israel, seized territories, and deported many Israelites.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2015%3A29&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 15:29|quote= }}</ref>

==Fall of the Northern Kingdom of Israel==

Hosea, the 19th king, was the last king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. In his reign, [[Hezekiah]], the thirteenth king of Southern Kingdom of Judah, sent messengers to the Northern Kingdom of Israel to celebrate the [[Passover]], which had not been celebrated for a long time. The northern Israelites mocked and ridiculed the messengers and did not keep the Passover. Only a few humbled themselves and went to Jerusalem to observe the Passover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles%2030%3A1-12&version=NIV|title=2 Chronicles 30:1-12|quote= }}</ref>

Hosea, the 19th king, was the last king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. In his reign, [[Hezekiah]], the thirteenth king of the Southern Kingdom of Judah, sent messengers to the Northern Kingdom of Israel to celebrate the [[Passover]], which had not been celebrated for a long time. The northern Israelites mocked and ridiculed the messengers and did not keep the Passover. Only a few humbled themselves and went to Jerusalem to observe the Passover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles%2030%3A1-12&version=NIV|title=2 Chronicles 30:1-12|quote= }}</ref>

In the seventh year of Hosea, Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria, led his army and besieged Samaria, the capital. After a three-year, in Hoshea’s 9th year (circa 721 BC), Samaria fell, and the Northern Kingdom was destroyed. The Bible attributes Israel’s fall to its failure to obey the [[Jehovah|LORD]]’s commands, breaking the covenant, and rejecting the statutes given through Moses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2018%3A9-12&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 18:9-12|quote= }}</ref> Assyria deported the Israelites to regions such as Media and settled foreigners in Israelite territory, initiating a policy of ethnic mixing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2017%3A6-24&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 17:6-24|quote= }}</ref>

In the seventh year of Hosea, Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria, led his army and besieged Samaria, the capital. After a three-year siege, in Hoshea’s 9th year (circa 721 BC), Samaria fell, and the Northern Kingdom was destroyed. The Bible attributes Israel’s fall to its failure to obey the [[Jehovah|LORD]]’s commands, breaking the covenant, and rejecting the statutes given through Moses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2018%3A9-12&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 18:9-12|quote= }}</ref> Assyria deported the Israelites to regions such as Media and settled foreigners in Israelite territory, initiating a policy of ethnic mixing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2017%3A6-24&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 17:6-24|quote= }}</ref>

==See also==

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-[[File:Kingdoms of Israel and Judah map 830.svg|thumb|Divided Kingdoms of Israel and Judah|lang=en]]
+<!-- interlanguage:start -->[[ko:북 이스라엘 왕국]]<!-- interlanguage:end -->[[File:Kingdoms of Israel and Judah map 830.svg|thumb|Divided Kingdoms of Israel and Judah|lang=en]]The '''Northern Kingdom of Israel''' emerged after the united monarchy was divided following the death of King [[Solomon]]. Ten of the [[The Twelve Tribes of Israel|twelve tribes of Israel]]—Reuben, Simeon, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Manasseh, and Ephraim—formed this kingdom. [[Jeroboam]], its first king, initially established Shechem as the capital<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2012%3A25&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 12:25|quote= }}</ref> before relocating it to Tirzah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2014%3A17&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 14:17|quote= }}</ref> Later, Omri, the sixth king, built the city of [[Samaria]] and made it the new capital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2016%3A23-24&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 16:23-24|quote= }}</ref> In the Bible, this kingdom is referred to simply as "Israel," but to distinguish it from the united monarchy, it is commonly called the Northern Kingdom of Israel.
-The '''Northern Kingdom of Israel''' emerged after the united monarchy was divided following the death of King [[Solomon]]. Ten of the [[The Twelve Tribes of Israel|twelve tribes of Israel]]—Reuben, Simeon, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Manasseh, and Ephraim—formed this kingdom. [[Jeroboam]], its first king, initially established Shechem as the capital<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2012%3A25&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 12:25|quote= }}</ref> before relocating it to Tirzah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2014%3A17&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 14:17|quote= }}</ref> Later, Omri, the sixth king, built the city of [[Samaria]] and made it the new capital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings%2016%3A23-24&version=NIV|title=1 Kings 16:23-24|quote= }}</ref> In the Bible, this kingdom is referred to simply as "Israel," but to distinguish it from the united monarchy, it is commonly called the Northern Kingdom of Israel.
 From Jeroboam’s reign onward, the kingdom turned to [[Idol|idolatry]] and failed to keep the [[The Commandments of God|commandments of God]]. As a result, it was regarded as evil in the sight of the LORD. The kingdom was plagued by frequent rebellions, with many kings assassinated and replaced by usurpers. Ultimately, it fell to the Assyrian Empire around 721 B.C.<ref>[https://www.esv.org/resources/esv-global-study-bible/chart-11-03b/ The Divided Kingdom: Kings of Israel (all dates B.C.)], ''ESV.org''</ref>
@@ Line 47: / Line 46: @@
 Shallum (15th), Menahem (16th), Pekah (18th), and Hoshea (19th) all came to power through coups. Like their predecessors, they—along with Pekahiah (17th), the son of Menahem—did evil in the sight of the LORD and did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2015%3A13-30&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 15:13-30|quote= }}</ref>
-==Kings of Northern Kingdom of Israel==
+==Kings of the Northern Kingdom of Israel==
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 171: / Line 170: @@
 During the reign of Ahab, Israel’s 7th king, a political alliance was formed through the marriage of Jehoram,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles%2018%3A1-3&version=NIV|title=2 Chronicles 18:1-3|quote= }}</ref> son of King Jehoshaphat of Judah (4th king), and Athaliah, daughter of Ahab. However, this alliance was shattered when Jehu, the 10th king of Israel, killed Ahaziah, the 6th king of Judah.<ref name="예후징벌" />
-Later, Joash, the 12th king of Israel, fought against Amaziah, the 9th king of Judah, at [[Beth Shemesh]]. He captured Amaziah, tore down a section of Jerusalem’s wall, and plundered the [[temple]] and royal treasuries, taking gold, silver, and hostages back to Samaria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2014%3A11-14&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 14:11-14|quote= }}</ref>
+Later, Joash, the 12th king of Israel, fought against Amaziah, the 9th king of Judah, at [[Beth-shemesh]]. He captured Amaziah, tore down a section of Jerusalem’s wall, and plundered the [[temple]] and royal treasuries, taking gold, silver, and hostages back to Samaria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2014%3A11-14&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 14:11-14|quote= }}</ref>
 Pekah, the 18th king of Israel, allied with Rezin, king of Aram, to threaten Jerusalem. King Ahaz of Judah (12th) sought help from Tiglath-Pileser III, king of Assyria, by sending tribute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2016%3A5-8&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 16:5-8|quote= }}</ref> In response, Assyria attacked Israel, seized territories, and deported many Israelites.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2015%3A29&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 15:29|quote= }}</ref>
 ==Fall of the Northern Kingdom of Israel==
-Hosea, the 19th king, was the last king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. In his reign, [[Hezekiah]], the thirteenth king of Southern Kingdom of Judah, sent messengers to the Northern Kingdom of Israel to celebrate the [[Passover]], which had not been celebrated for a long time. The northern Israelites mocked and ridiculed the messengers and did not keep the Passover. Only a few humbled themselves and went to Jerusalem to observe the Passover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles%2030%3A1-12&version=NIV|title=2 Chronicles 30:1-12|quote= }}</ref>
+Hosea, the 19th king, was the last king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. In his reign, [[Hezekiah]], the thirteenth king of the Southern Kingdom of Judah, sent messengers to the Northern Kingdom of Israel to celebrate the [[Passover]], which had not been celebrated for a long time. The northern Israelites mocked and ridiculed the messengers and did not keep the Passover. Only a few humbled themselves and went to Jerusalem to observe the Passover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles%2030%3A1-12&version=NIV|title=2 Chronicles 30:1-12|quote= }}</ref>
-In the seventh year of Hosea, Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria, led his army and besieged Samaria, the capital. After a three-year, in Hoshea’s 9th year (circa 721 BC), Samaria fell, and the Northern Kingdom was destroyed. The Bible attributes Israel’s fall to its failure to obey the [[Jehovah|LORD]]’s commands, breaking the covenant, and rejecting the statutes given through Moses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2018%3A9-12&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 18:9-12|quote= }}</ref> Assyria deported the Israelites to regions such as Media and settled foreigners in Israelite territory, initiating a policy of ethnic mixing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2017%3A6-24&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 17:6-24|quote= }}</ref>
+In the seventh year of Hosea, Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria, led his army and besieged Samaria, the capital. After a three-year siege, in Hoshea’s 9th year (circa 721 BC), Samaria fell, and the Northern Kingdom was destroyed. The Bible attributes Israel’s fall to its failure to obey the [[Jehovah|LORD]]’s commands, breaking the covenant, and rejecting the statutes given through Moses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2018%3A9-12&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 18:9-12|quote= }}</ref> Assyria deported the Israelites to regions such as Media and settled foreigners in Israelite territory, initiating a policy of ethnic mixing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings%2017%3A6-24&version=NIV|title=2 Kings 17:6-24|quote= }}</ref>
 ==See also==

Northern Kingdom of Israel: Difference between revisions