The Last Supper

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===Composition and Drawing Technique===

In the paintings that dealt with the same subject in Florence in the fifteenth century, the disciples are placed on each side of Jesus and Judas separately on the other side. In da Vinci's painting, Judas is not isolated, but sits in the crowd of the disciples.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/last_supper_iconography/2/ |title=THE LAST SUPPER |website=La Salle University Digital Commons |publisher= |year= |author= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref><br>Additionally, he utilized linear perspective to create the illusion of depth on a flat surface, which is one of the characteristics of Renaissance art. Perspective is expressed around the [https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/glossary/vanishing-point#:~:text=The%20vanishing%20point%20in%20paintings,all%20receding%20parallel%20lines%20meet. vanishing point] located at Jesus’ head, which makes it look as if the wall in the picture is connected to the actual wall, and as if the last supper is being held at the end of the hall.

It is also notable that there is no halo around Jesus and His disciples unlike the paintings drawn previously, dealing with the same subject. Da Vinci surrounded Jesus with bright light coming from the three windows behind Him. He used light to create a three-dimensional effect on the characters, and vividly depicted details such as wrinkles on clothes and plates on the table.{{quote |There was nothing in this work that resembled older representations of the same theme. In these traditional versions, the apostles were seen sitting quietly at the table in a row—only Judas being segregated from the rest—while Christ was calmly dispensing the Sacrament. The new picture was very different from any of these paintings.|작가=The Story of Art, E. H. Gombrich}}

It is also notable that there is no halo around Jesus and His disciples unlike the paintings drawn previously, dealing with the same subject. Da Vinci surrounded Jesus with bright light coming from the three windows behind Him. He used light to create a three-dimensional effect on the characters, and vividly depicted details such as wrinkles on clothes and plates on the table.{{quote |There was nothing in this work that resembled older representations of the same theme. In these traditional versions, the apostles were seen sitting quietly at the table in a row—only Judas being segregated from the rest—while Christ was calmly dispensing the Sacrament. The new picture was very different from any of these paintings.|작가=''The Story of Art'', E. H. Gombrich}}

Da Vinci also chose not to use the pre-existing method of drawing techniques. To make a perfect masterpiece, he worked in [https://www.britannica.com/art/tempera-painting tempera], which is a technique to paint with pigments bound in egg yolk, not in fresco, which is a technique with which the painting cannot be fixed once done. The tempera technique had the advantage of being able to describe in detail and expressing bright colors, but it had the disadvantage of easily peeling off when used on murals. As a result, mold and cracks formed in da Vinci’s The Last Supper, and part of the painting fell off due to moisture in the dining room.<br>It is said that the painting had already deteriorated in the early 16th century,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/1998/11/01/leonardos-last-supper-restored-a-wreck-but-an-authentic-wreck |title=Leonardo's Last Supper restored: A wreck, but an authentic wreck |website=The Art Newspaper |publisher= |date=November 1, 1998 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> and it lost its true appearance through the floods and wars.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://the-rearview-mirror.com/2014/08/15/the-day-we-almost-lost-da-vincis-the-last-supper-forever/ |title=The Day We Almost Lost Da Vinci’s ‘The Last Supper’ Forever! |website=Rearview Mirror |publisher= |date=August 15, 2014 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> As the Italian government began to restore the painting in the late 1970s, the restored painting was released to the public in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/magazine-36466835 |title=The da Vinci puzzle: Restoring The Last Supper |website=BBC News |publisher= |date=1999 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote=}}</ref> Although the viewing time is limited to 15 minutes to each person in order to prevent damage to the work, many people visit Milan to see this masterpiece.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/travel/2022/08/27/15-minutes-with-one-of-the-world039s-most-famous-paintings |title=My 15 minutes with one of the world's most famous paintings, 'The Last Supper' |website=The Star |publisher= |date=August 27, 2022 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote=}}</ref>

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 ===Composition and Drawing Technique===
 In the paintings that dealt with the same subject in Florence in the fifteenth century, the disciples are placed on each side of Jesus and Judas separately on the other side. In da Vinci's painting, Judas is not isolated, but sits in the crowd of the disciples.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/last_supper_iconography/2/ |title=THE LAST SUPPER |website=La Salle University Digital Commons |publisher= |year= |author= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref><br>Additionally, he utilized linear perspective to create the illusion of depth on a flat surface, which is one of the characteristics of Renaissance art. Perspective is expressed around the [https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/glossary/vanishing-point#:~:text=The%20vanishing%20point%20in%20paintings,all%20receding%20parallel%20lines%20meet. vanishing point] located at Jesus’ head, which makes it look as if the wall in the picture is connected to the actual wall, and as if the last supper is being held at the end of the hall.
-It is also notable that there is no halo around Jesus and His disciples unlike the paintings drawn previously, dealing with the same subject. Da Vinci surrounded Jesus with bright light coming from the three windows behind Him. He used light to create a three-dimensional effect on the characters, and vividly depicted details such as wrinkles on clothes and plates on the table.{{quote |There was nothing in this work that resembled older representations of the same theme. In these traditional versions, the apostles were seen sitting quietly at the table in a row—only Judas being segregated from the rest—while Christ was calmly dispensing the Sacrament. The new picture was very different from any of these paintings.|작가=The Story of Art, E. H. Gombrich}}
+It is also notable that there is no halo around Jesus and His disciples unlike the paintings drawn previously, dealing with the same subject. Da Vinci surrounded Jesus with bright light coming from the three windows behind Him. He used light to create a three-dimensional effect on the characters, and vividly depicted details such as wrinkles on clothes and plates on the table.{{quote |There was nothing in this work that resembled older representations of the same theme. In these traditional versions, the apostles were seen sitting quietly at the table in a row—only Judas being segregated from the rest—while Christ was calmly dispensing the Sacrament. The new picture was very different from any of these paintings.|작가=''The Story of Art'', E. H. Gombrich}}
 Da Vinci also chose not to use the pre-existing method of drawing techniques. To make a perfect masterpiece, he worked in [https://www.britannica.com/art/tempera-painting tempera], which is a technique to paint with pigments bound in egg yolk, not in fresco, which is a technique with which the painting cannot be fixed once done. The tempera technique had the advantage of being able to describe in detail and expressing bright colors, but it had the disadvantage of easily peeling off when used on murals. As a result, mold and cracks formed in da Vinci’s The Last Supper, and part of the painting fell off due to moisture in the dining room.<br>It is said that the painting had already deteriorated in the early 16th century,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/1998/11/01/leonardos-last-supper-restored-a-wreck-but-an-authentic-wreck |title=Leonardo's Last Supper restored: A wreck, but an authentic wreck |website=The Art Newspaper |publisher=  |date=November 1, 1998 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> and it lost its true appearance through the floods and wars.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://the-rearview-mirror.com/2014/08/15/the-day-we-almost-lost-da-vincis-the-last-supper-forever/ |title=The Day We Almost Lost Da Vinci’s ‘The Last Supper’ Forever! |website=Rearview Mirror  |publisher= |date=August 15, 2014 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> As the Italian government began to restore the painting in the late 1970s, the restored painting was released to the public in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/magazine-36466835 |title=The da Vinci puzzle: Restoring The Last Supper |website=BBC News |publisher=  |date=1999 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote=}}</ref> Although the viewing time is limited to 15 minutes to each person in order to prevent damage to the work, many people visit Milan to see this masterpiece.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/travel/2022/08/27/15-minutes-with-one-of-the-world039s-most-famous-paintings |title=My 15 minutes with one of the world's most famous paintings, 'The Last Supper' |website=The Star |publisher=  |date=August 27, 2022 |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote=}}</ref>

The Last Supper: Difference between revisions