The Last Supper: Difference between revisions

The theme of this work is “the last supper” that Jesus shared with His twelve disciples the day before His death on the cross. The scene allegedly describes the reaction of the disciples when Jesus said that one of the disciples would betray Him.<ref name="저물 때">{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Matthew+26%3A20-22&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Matthew 26:20–22 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>The Story of Leonardo Da Vinci 500 Years After His Death, Antone R. E. Pierucci, ''Atlantic Publishing''</ref>  In the [[Gospel of John]] of the Bible, it is recorded that the disciples looked at one another and wondered who would betray Him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=John+13%3A21-22&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=John 13:21–22 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> This is the moment Leonardo da Vinci wanted to draw. There are various facial expressions and gestures of Jesus and His disciples in this painting.  

{{quote5 |내용=“I tell you the truth, one of you is going to betray me.” His disciples stared at one another, at a loss to know which of them he meant. . . . Simon Peter motioned to this disciple and said, “Ask him which one he means.” Leaning back against Jesus, he asked him, “Lord, who is it?” |출처=[https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=John+13%3A21-25&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 John 13:21–25]}}

According to the explanation of [https://whc.unesco.org/ UNESCO World Heritage Convention], four groups of three figures were painted on either side of Christ.<br>The '''first group''' starting from the far left of Jesus is Bartholomew, James (son of Alphaeus), and Andrew, who all seem shocked by Jesus’ words. The '''second group''' is Peter, Jude, and John. Peter, who is impetuous, is leaning towards John, whispering something, and John is unintentionally pushing Judas forward. Judas is emphasized without being separated from the others. The '''third group''' in the middle, leaning toward Jesus and looking startled, is Thomas, James (John’s brother), and Philip, who all seem to be zealous to confirm their loyalty to Jesus. The '''fourth group''' on the far right is Matthew, Thaddaeus, and Simon. They are not looking at Jesus because of the heated debate among themselves.<br>Some symbolic elements are also found in ''The Last Supper''. The knife in Peter’s hand implies that he will later use it to sever the ear of a soldier attempting to arrest Jesus, and the purse in Judas’ hand symbolizes his betrayal of Jesus for thirty silver coins.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Last-Supper-fresco-by-Leonardo-da-Vinci#:~:text=simple%20composition.-,Subject,-The%20subject%20of |title=Last Supper |website=Britannica |publisher=  |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/early-europe-and-colonial-americas/renaissance-art-europe-ap/a/leonardo-last-supper |title=The Last Supper |website=Khan Academy |publisher=  |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> The bread and wine on the table are not just food for a supper, but they symbolize the flesh and blood that Jesus will shed on the cross the next day.<ref name="원하였노라">{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Luke+22%3A15-20&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Luke 22:15–20|quote=}}</ref>

The biblical name for ''The Last Supper'' is The Passover.<ref name="원하였노라"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/leonardo-da-vinci |title=Leonardo da Vinci |website=HISTORY.COM |publisher=  |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote=}}</ref> The word supper in the English dictionary refers to a main meal eaten in the evening; an event in which people come together to eat in the evening.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/supper |title=supper |website=Cambridge Dictionary |publisher=  |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> As the word supper shows, the Passover is celebrated on the ''evening'' of the 14th day of the sacred calendar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Leviticus+23%3A5&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Leviticus 23:5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> So Jesus, too, waited for this day to celebrate the Passover with His twelve disciples at twilight.<ref name="저물 때"/><ref name="원하였노라"/>  

{{quote5 |내용=So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the '''Passover'''. When '''evening''' came, Jesus was reclining at the table with the Twelve. . . . While they were eating, Jesus took '''bread''', gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying, “Take and eat; this is '''my body'''.” Then he took the '''cup''', gave thanks and offered it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you. This is '''my blood''' of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the '''forgiveness of sins'''.” |출처=[https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Matthew+26%3A19-28&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 Matthew 26:19–28]}}

Some people misunderstand that the Passover of the Bible is the day when Jesus was resurrected. However, the Passover in the Bible is celebrated the night before Jesus suffered,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Luke+22%3A15&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Luke 22:15|quote=}}</ref> and the Holy Supper is celebrated in commemoration of Jesus’ death, not of [[Resurrection of Jesus|His resurrection]].<ref name="죽으심">{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=1+Corinthians+11%3A23-26&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=1 Corinthians 11:23–26 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

Jesus knew that Judas Iscariot would betray Him, that His disciples would flee, and that He would die in great pain and agony. In the face of a horrific death, Jesus had the last supper, [[New Covenant Passover|the Passover of the new covenant]], prepared and held it in order to fulfill all the prophecies of the Bible.<br>The Passover consisted of the feet-washing ceremony and the Holy Supper. The feet-washing ceremony was a ritual where the saints followed the example of Christ who washed the feet of His disciples before taking the bread and wine of the Passover.<ref name="세족예식">{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=John+13%3A14-15&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=John 13:14–15 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> After the feet-washing ceremony, the Holy Supper of the Passover was held for the disciples to participate in Jesus’ holy flesh and precious blood.

|'''Preparation'''||align="left"| Jesus sends Peter and John to prepare a room where they can eat the Passover. The disciples prepare the Passover as Jesus directed them.<ref name="예비">{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Matthew+26%3A17-19&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Matthew 26:17–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Mark+14%3A12-16&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Mark 14:12–16 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Luke+22%3A7-13&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Luke 22:7–13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

|'''Feet-Washing Ceremony'''||align="left"| On the evening of the Passover, the disciples gather in the upper room, which is said to belong to Mark, and Jesus Himself washes their feet.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=John+13%3A1-5&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=John 13:1–5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> After washing all His disciples’ feet, He tells them to do it just as He set an example.<ref name="세족예식"/>

|'''Holy Supper of the Passover'''||align="left"| Jesus establishes the new covenant with the promise of the forgiveness of sins and eternal life by letting His disciples eat and drink the Passover bread and wine, which represent His flesh and blood.<ref name="유월절성찬식">{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Matthew+26%3A26-28&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Matthew 26:26–28 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Mark+14%3A22-24&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Mark 14:22–24 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="새 언약">{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Luke+22%3A19-20&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Luke 22:19–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

What Jesus earnestly wanted to do before the end of His life was to keep the Passover with His disciples.<ref name="원하였노라"/> By doing that, Jesus fulfilled His purpose of coming to this earth.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Luke+19%3A10&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Luke 19:10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=John+10%3A10&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=John 10:10 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Jesus came to save mankind. For mankind, who is destined to die because of their sins, salvation means obtaining eternal life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Romans+6%3A23&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Romans 6:23 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref name="유월절성찬식"/>When Jesus was teaching in the synagogue in Capernaum, He clearly said that no one has life unless they eat and drink His flesh and blood.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=John+6%3A53-54&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=John 6:53–54|publisher= |quote= }}</ref> The Passover is the way to eat and drink the flesh and blood of Jesus, who is eternal life Himself. Jesus directly commanded His disciples to prepare the Passover,<ref name="예비"/> and told them to eat and drink the bread and wine representing His flesh and blood at the supper.<ref name="유월절성찬식"/> Since He came to save mankind, He eagerly desired to keep the Passover of the new covenant that contains the promise of the forgiveness of sins and eternal life.

{{quote5 |내용=Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has '''eternal life''', and I will raise him up at the last day.” |출처=[https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=John+6%3A53-54&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 John 6:53–54]}}

At the Passover Supper, Jesus proclaimed the Passover wine as “the new covenant” in His blood. He also told His disciples to keep the Passover in remembrance of Him, which means God’s people must keep it until the end without forgetting it.<ref name="새 언약"/> Since the new covenant was proclaimed the night before Jesus’ death, it is Jesus’ last will. A will takes effect only when somebody has died.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Hebrews+9%3A15-17&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Hebrews 9:15–17 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> The Passover of the new covenant, which is Jesus’ will, too, took effect as Jesus died. Even after Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross, the early Church continued to celebrate the Passover and commemorated His death.<ref name="죽으심"/> In order to commemorate Jesus’ love and sacrifice and preach the truth of salvation, the apostles and the members of the early Church kept the new covenant with all their heart, and did not lose faith even in the face of tribulation and persecution.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Hebrews+11%3A33-38&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Hebrews 11:33–38 |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

{{quote5 |내용=Get rid of the old yeast that you may be a new batch without yeast--as you really are. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. Therefore let us keep the Festival, . . . |출처=[https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=1+Corinthians+5%3A7-8&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 1 Corinthians 5:7–8]}}