Day of Atonement: Difference between revisions
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{{절기 | {{절기 | ||
| | |above = Day of Atonement | ||
| | |image = [[file:High Priest Offering Sacrifice of a Goat.jpg|thumb|270px|center|''High Priest Offering a Sacrifice of a Goat, as on the Day of Atonement'' from Henry Davenport Northrop, ''Treasures of the Bible'', published in 1894]] | ||
| | |Name = Day of Atonement | ||
|이명 = | |이명 = | ||
| | |Date = The 10th day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar | ||
| | |Origin = Moses’ coming down with the second set of the Ten Commandments | ||
| | |Ritual in the Old Testament= The high priest enters the Most Holy Place and makes atonement. The scapegoat is sent away to a solitary place in the desert. | ||
| | |Ritual in the New Testament= Keeping worship services while confessing and repenting of sins | ||
| | |Fulfillment of prophecy= Sins are transferred to Satan from Christ | ||
}} | }} | ||
The Day of Atonement, on the tenth day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar, is [[God]]’s sixth feast among the [[The Feasts of God|seven feasts in three times]]. It is held after the [[Feast of Trumpets]], which is the beginning of the Third Time Feast, and five days later, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar, the [[Feast of Tabernacles]] gets held for seven days<ref>{{ | The Day of Atonement, on the tenth day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar, is [[God]]’s sixth feast among the [[The Feasts of God|seven feasts in three times]]. It is held after the [[Feast of Trumpets]], which is the beginning of the Third Time Feast, and five days later, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar, the [[Feast of Tabernacles]] gets held for seven days<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Leviticus+23%3A24-34&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Leviticus 23:24–34 |quote= }}</ref> around September and October by the [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gregorian-calendar Gregorian calendar] (solar calendar). | ||
Atonement means removal of sins. The Day of Atonement is an important day when we can receive the forgiveness of the sins that we committed over one year before God. In Hebrew, it is called ''Yom Kippur (יוֹם כִּפֻּר)''. ''Yom'' ''(יוֹם)'' means ''day'',<ref>"[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3117.htm yom"], 《Bible Hub》, "day"</ref> and ''Kippur'' ''(כִּפֻּר)'' means ''atonement''.<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3725.htm "kippur"], 《Bible Hub》, "atonement"</ref> In the Old Testament times, the Day of Atonement was the only day for the [[Priest|high priest]] to enter the [[Most Holy Place]].<ref>{{ | Atonement means removal of sins. The Day of Atonement is an important day when we can receive the forgiveness of the sins that we committed over one year before God. In Hebrew, it is called ''Yom Kippur (יוֹם כִּפֻּר)''. ''Yom'' ''(יוֹם)'' means ''day'',<ref>"[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3117.htm yom"], 《Bible Hub》, "day"</ref> and ''Kippur'' ''(כִּפֻּר)'' means ''atonement''.<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3725.htm "kippur"], 《Bible Hub》, "atonement"</ref> In the Old Testament times, the Day of Atonement was the only day for the [[Priest|high priest]] to enter the [[Most Holy Place]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Hebrews+9%3A7&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Hebrews 9:7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
==The Origin of the Day of Atonement== | ==The Origin of the Day of Atonement== | ||
While [[Moses]] stayed on Mount Sinai for forty days to receive the first set of the [[Ten Commandments]], the Israelites thought Moses must have died and they made an [[idol]] of a golden calf as a god to lead them to the land of Canaan. Moses witnessed this scene while coming down with the Ten Commandments. In great anger, Moses broke the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments,<ref>{{ | While [[Moses]] stayed on Mount Sinai for forty days to receive the first set of the [[Ten Commandments]], the Israelites thought Moses must have died and they made an [[idol]] of a golden calf as a god to lead them to the land of Canaan. Moses witnessed this scene while coming down with the Ten Commandments. In great anger, Moses broke the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Exodus+32%3A7-19%2C27-28&OLWordSearchRange=beg&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Exodus 32:7–19, 27-28 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and the Israelites repented of their sins. | ||
God forgave the Israelites and called Moses to Mount Sinai to give them the Ten Commandments again.<ref>{{ | God forgave the Israelites and called Moses to Mount Sinai to give them the Ten Commandments again.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Exodus+34%3A1-4&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Exodus 34:1–4 |quote= }}</ref> Moses fasted on Mount Sinai for forty days and received the second set of the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments. It was the tenth day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Exodus+34%3A28-29&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Exodus 34:28–29 |quote= }}</ref> The Israelites were allowed to receive the Ten Commandments once again, which showed God’s will that He would forgive the Israelites of their sins. God commanded that the day when Moses received the second set of the Ten Commandments should be kept for the generations to come as the Day of Atonement. | ||
{{ | {{quote5 |내용=“The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. Hold a sacred assembly and deny yourselves, and present an offering made to the LORD by fire. Do no work on that day, because it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the LORD your God.” |출처=[https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Leviticus+23%3A26-31&OLWordSearchRange=beg&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 Leviticus 23:26–31] }} | ||
==The Ceremony of the Day of Atonement== | ==The Ceremony of the Day of Atonement== | ||
===Old Testament Times=== | ===Old Testament Times=== | ||
The essence of the Day of Atonement in the Old Testament was that the high priest entered the [[Most Holy Place]] and offered a [[Sacrifice in the Old Testament|sin offering]] on behalf of the Israelites who had sinned. Access to the Most Holy Place, where the [[Ark of Covenant|ark of the covenant]] was enshrined behind the second curtain of the [[Sanctuary (Tabernacle)|Holy Place]], was strictly controlled at ordinary times. Only once a year, on the Day of Atonement, the tenth day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar, the high priest could enter the Most Holy Place after offering a sin offering.<ref>{{ | The essence of the Day of Atonement in the Old Testament was that the high priest entered the [[Most Holy Place]] and offered a [[Sacrifice in the Old Testament|sin offering]] on behalf of the Israelites who had sinned. Access to the Most Holy Place, where the [[Ark of Covenant|ark of the covenant]] was enshrined behind the second curtain of the [[Sanctuary (Tabernacle)|Holy Place]], was strictly controlled at ordinary times. Only once a year, on the Day of Atonement, the tenth day of the seventh month by the sacred calendar, the high priest could enter the Most Holy Place after offering a sin offering.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Leviticus+16%3A2-3&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Leviticus 16:2–3 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Exodus+30%3A1-10&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Exodus 30:1–10 |quote= }}</ref> | ||
On the Day of Atonement, the high priest offered a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering,<ref>{{ | On the Day of Atonement, the high priest offered a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Leviticus+16%3A3&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Leviticus 16:3 |quote= }}</ref> and from the Israelite community he took two male goats for a sin offering and a ram for burnt offering, and he presented them at the entrance to the [[Sanctuary (Tabernacle)|Tent of Meeting]]. The high priest cast lots for two goats, one lot for God as a sin offering and the other for the scapegoat. The high priest put all the sins of the Israelites on the scapegoat’s head. The scapegoat was sent to a solitary place and released in the desert.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Leviticus+16%3A5-10&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Leviticus 16:5–10 |quote= }}</ref> According to [[Book of Leviticus|Leviticus]] 16, the detailed ceremonies and procedures held by the high priest and the people on the Day of Atonement are as follows.<ref>[https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Leviticus+16%3A3-34&OLWordSearchRange=beg&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 Leviticus 16:3-34]</ref> | ||
*'''Offerings of the Day of Atonement''' | *'''Offerings of the Day of Atonement''' | ||
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#The bull and the goat for the sin offerings must be taken outside the camp; their hides, flesh, and offal are to be burned up. (The man who burns them must wash his clothes and bathe himself with water; afterward he may come into the camp.) | #The bull and the goat for the sin offerings must be taken outside the camp; their hides, flesh, and offal are to be burned up. (The man who burns them must wash his clothes and bathe himself with water; afterward he may come into the camp.) | ||
After appointing [[Joshua]] as the leader of Israel,<ref>{{ | After appointing [[Joshua]] as the leader of Israel,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Numbers+27%3A22-23&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Numbers 27:22–23 |quote= }}</ref> God once again specified the regulations of regular burnt offering, the [[Sabbath]], and feasts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Numbers+28-29&OLWordSearchRange=beg&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Numbers 28-29 |quote= }}</ref> According to God’s commandments, one young bull, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old were offered as a burnt offering on the Day of Atonement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Numbers+29%3A7-8&OLWordSearchRange=beg&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title= Numbers 29:7-8 |quote= }}</ref> Along with the burnt offering, a grain offering of fine flour mixed with oil was presented; each offering had a different amount of flour. With the bull, three-tenths of an ephah [About 6.6 L] of fine flour was prepared; with the ram, two-tenths [About 4.4 L]; and with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth [About 2.2 L].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Numbers+29%3A9-10&OLWordSearchRange=beg&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title= Numbers 29:9-10 |quote= }}</ref> One male goat was offered as a sin offering, in addition to the sin offering, the [[Regular Burnt Offering|regular burnt offering]] with its [[Sacrifice in the Old Testament|grain offering]], and their [[Sacrifice in the Old Testament|drink offerings]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Numbers+29%3A11&OLWordSearchRange=beg&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title= Numbers 29:11 |quote= }}</ref> | ||
===New Testament Times=== | ===New Testament Times=== | ||
The law is a shadow of good things to come, and the reality of the sin offering in the Old Testament is [[Jesus Christ]]. Jesus is the reality of the sin offering presented on the Day of Atonement; He allowed mankind to receive the grace of the [[Forgiveness of Sins|forgiveness of sins]] through His sacrifice on the [[cross]]<ref name=":0">{{ | The law is a shadow of good things to come, and the reality of the sin offering in the Old Testament is [[Jesus Christ]]. Jesus is the reality of the sin offering presented on the Day of Atonement; He allowed mankind to receive the grace of the [[Forgiveness of Sins|forgiveness of sins]] through His sacrifice on the [[cross]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Hebrews+10%3A1-4%2C+9-11&OLWordSearchRange=beg&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Hebrews 10:1–4, 9-11 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=John+1%3A29&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=John 1:29 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Ephesians+1%3A7&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Ephesians 1:7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and opened the way for them to enter the Most Holy Place in heaven.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Hebrews+10%3A19-20&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Hebrews 10:19–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> So the regulations of the Day of Atonement also changed from offering animal sacrifices to [[worship]]<nowiki/>ing God in spirit and in truth<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=John+4%3A23&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=John 4:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> through the precious blood of [[Christ]], who is the reality of the sacrifices. The Day of Atonement in the New Testament times became completed as the people of God could repent of their sins and were forgiven. | ||
==Fulfillment of the Prophecy== | ==Fulfillment of the Prophecy== | ||
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*Sins of mankind → Christ bears their sins → Transferred to Satan, the devil, on the Day of Atonement → The devil is imprisoned in the Abyss and thrown into the lake of fire}} | *Sins of mankind → Christ bears their sins → Transferred to Satan, the devil, on the Day of Atonement → The devil is imprisoned in the Abyss and thrown into the lake of fire}} | ||
===Sanctuary=== | ===Sanctuary=== | ||
In the Old Testament times, whenever the Israelites sinned, they brought an animal to the [[priest]] as a sacrifice for their sins. When the priest slaughtered the animal, put its blood on the altar in the sanctuary and made atonement for them,<ref>{{ | In the Old Testament times, whenever the Israelites sinned, they brought an animal to the [[priest]] as a sacrifice for their sins. When the priest slaughtered the animal, put its blood on the altar in the sanctuary and made atonement for them,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Leviticus+4%3A1-5&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Leviticus 4:1–5:13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> their sins were temporarily transferred to the [[Sanctuary (Tabernacle)|sanctuary]]. | ||
The sanctuary that temporarily bore the people’s sins represents [[God]].<ref>{{ | The sanctuary that temporarily bore the people’s sins represents [[God]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Jeremiah+17%3A12-13&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Jeremiah 17:12–13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Spiritually, mankind committed sins deserving of death penalty in heaven and were cast down to the earth.<ref name="눅 10">{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Luke+19%3A10&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Luke 19:10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Matthew+9%3A12-13&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Matthew 9:12–13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Romans+6%3A23&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Romans 6:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> God Himself became the sanctuary and bore their sins. | ||
===Sin Offering=== | ===Sin Offering=== | ||
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===Scapegoat=== | ===Scapegoat=== | ||
[[ | [[file:The Bible and its story.. (1908) (14773008615).jpg|thumb|Scapegoat sent away to a solitary place in the desert]] | ||
Scapegoat (עֲזָאזֵל[azazel] in Hebrew) has been diversely understood and translated as “the goat that departs,” or “demon.”<ref>[https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2203-azazel AZAZEL (Scapegoat, Lev. xvi., A. V.)], ''Jewish Encyclopedia''</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Azazel Azazel], ''Britannica''</ref> | Scapegoat (עֲזָאזֵל[azazel] in Hebrew) has been diversely understood and translated as “the goat that departs,” or “demon.”<ref>[https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2203-azazel AZAZEL (Scapegoat, Lev. xvi., A. V.)], ''Jewish Encyclopedia''</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Azazel Azazel], ''Britannica''</ref> | ||
The scapegoat represents [[Satan (Devil)|Satan, the devil]], who is the author of sin.<ref>Kim Joo-cheol, Chapter 15 The Feasts of God, MY SHEEP LISTEN TO MY VOICE, ''Melchizedek Publishing Co., Ltd.'', 2021, pg. 172</ref> In the Old Testament times, the people’s sins were kept in the sanctuary and transferred to the scapegoat on the Day of Atonement. In this way, the sanctuary was cleansed, and the scapegoat carried all their sins to a solitary place in the desert where it died. Finally, all their sins were destroyed. | The scapegoat represents [[Satan (Devil)|Satan, the devil]], who is the author of sin.<ref>Kim Joo-cheol, Chapter 15 The Feasts of God, MY SHEEP LISTEN TO MY VOICE, ''Melchizedek Publishing Co., Ltd.'', 2021, pg. 172</ref> In the Old Testament times, the people’s sins were kept in the sanctuary and transferred to the scapegoat on the Day of Atonement. In this way, the sanctuary was cleansed, and the scapegoat carried all their sins to a solitary place in the desert where it died. Finally, all their sins were destroyed. | ||
In the same way, Jesus Christ transferred all our sins to Satan, the devil, through His sacrifice on the cross as the reality of the sin offering on the Day of Atonement. This opens the way for mankind to return to the [[Heaven|kingdom of heaven]], while the devil, the author of sin, is kept in the Abyss, carrying all the sins, and he is cast into the [[Hell|lake of eternal fire]].<ref>{{ | In the same way, Jesus Christ transferred all our sins to Satan, the devil, through His sacrifice on the cross as the reality of the sin offering on the Day of Atonement. This opens the way for mankind to return to the [[Heaven|kingdom of heaven]], while the devil, the author of sin, is kept in the Abyss, carrying all the sins, and he is cast into the [[Hell|lake of eternal fire]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Revelation+20%3A1-10&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3 |title=Revelation 20:1–10 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[ | [[Category:Bible Knowledge]] | ||
[[ | [[Category:Gospel of the New Covenant]] | ||
