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==The Cross Introduced to Christianity==

===History===

Christian churches began to use the cross as a symbol of Christianity from the time of Constantine I of the Roman Empire (reigned A.D. 306–337).<ref name="십자가">Cross, ''Baker's Dictionary of Theology'', Everett F. Harrison, Baker Book House, 1960 pg. 152</ref> This proves that the church had not set up the cross for almost 300 years after Jesus until the time of Constantine. Among the Romans, there was a general feeling of disgust that crucifixion was an instrument of execution only for the most notorious criminals. There was no danger of beautifying the cross by sentiment for the early Christians, surrounded by crucifixion as a grim fact of common experience.<ref name="십자가" /> This is because the cross was one of the instruments used by the Roman Empire to execute Christians while persecuting the early Church. It is said that Apostle Peter was also martyred, hanging upside down from the cross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+21%3A18-19&version=NIV|title=John 21:18–19|quote=}}</ref><ref>Peter Is Crucified Upside Down, 1001 Days That Shaped the World, Michael Wood, ''Quintessence'', October 13, pg. 89</ref> It was in the time of Constantine that crucifixion was abolished.

Christian churches began to use the cross as a symbol of Christianity from the time of Constantine I of the Roman Empire (reigned A.D. 306–337).<ref name="십자가">Cross, ''Baker's Dictionary of Theology'', Everett F. Harrison, Baker Book House, 1960, pg. 152</ref> This proves that the church had not set up the cross for almost 300 years after Jesus until the time of Constantine. Among the Romans, there was a general feeling of disgust that crucifixion was an instrument of execution only for the most notorious criminals. There was no danger of beautifying the cross by sentiment for the early Christians, surrounded by crucifixion as a grim fact of common experience.<ref name="십자가" /> This is because the cross was one of the instruments used by the Roman Empire to execute Christians while persecuting the early Church. It is said that Apostle Peter was also martyred, hanging upside down from the cross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+21%3A18-19&version=NIV|title=John 21:18–19|quote=}}</ref><ref>Peter Is Crucified Upside Down, 1001 Days That Shaped the World, Michael Wood, ''Quintessence'', October 13, pg. 89</ref> It was in the time of Constantine that crucifixion was abolished.

{{quote |He [Constantine] regarded the cross with peculiar reverence . . .He took away by law the<br>crucifixion customary among the Romans, from the usage of the courts.|''Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Second Series Vol. II Socrates, Sozomenus: Church Histories'', Cosimo Classics, 2007, p.245}}

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 ==The Cross Introduced to Christianity==
 ===History===
-Christian churches began to use the cross as a symbol of Christianity from the time of Constantine I of the Roman Empire (reigned A.D. 306–337).<ref name="십자가">Cross, ''Baker's Dictionary of Theology'', Everett F. Harrison, Baker Book House, 1960 pg. 152</ref> This proves that the church had not set up the cross for almost 300 years after Jesus until the time of Constantine. Among the Romans, there was a general feeling of disgust that crucifixion was an instrument of execution only for the most notorious criminals. There was no danger of beautifying the cross by sentiment for the early Christians, surrounded by crucifixion as a grim fact of common experience.<ref name="십자가" /> This is because the cross was one of the instruments used by the Roman Empire to execute Christians while persecuting the early Church. It is said that Apostle Peter was also martyred, hanging upside down from the cross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+21%3A18-19&version=NIV|title=John 21:18–19|quote=}}</ref><ref>Peter Is Crucified Upside Down, 1001 Days That Shaped the World, Michael Wood, ''Quintessence'', October 13, pg. 89</ref> It was in the time of Constantine that crucifixion was abolished.
+Christian churches began to use the cross as a symbol of Christianity from the time of Constantine I of the Roman Empire (reigned A.D. 306–337).<ref name="십자가">Cross, ''Baker's Dictionary of Theology'', Everett F. Harrison, Baker Book House, 1960, pg. 152</ref> This proves that the church had not set up the cross for almost 300 years after Jesus until the time of Constantine. Among the Romans, there was a general feeling of disgust that crucifixion was an instrument of execution only for the most notorious criminals. There was no danger of beautifying the cross by sentiment for the early Christians, surrounded by crucifixion as a grim fact of common experience.<ref name="십자가" /> This is because the cross was one of the instruments used by the Roman Empire to execute Christians while persecuting the early Church. It is said that Apostle Peter was also martyred, hanging upside down from the cross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+21%3A18-19&version=NIV|title=John 21:18–19|quote=}}</ref><ref>Peter Is Crucified Upside Down, 1001 Days That Shaped the World, Michael Wood, ''Quintessence'', October 13, pg. 89</ref> It was in the time of Constantine that crucifixion was abolished.
 {{quote |He [Constantine] regarded the cross with peculiar reverence . . .He took away by law the<br>crucifixion customary among the Romans, from the usage of the courts.|''Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Second Series Vol. II Socrates, Sozomenus: Church Histories'', Cosimo Classics, 2007, p.245}}

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