Diferencia entre revisiones de «La cruz»

[[File:Nazaret Kirke Copenhagen altar.jpg|thumb|The cross on the altar in a Catholic Church in Denmark]]

[[Jesus Christ]] was crucified on the hill of Golgotha outside Jerusalem to atone for the sins of mankind on the [[Feast of Unleavened Bread]], which fell on the day before the [[Sabbath]]. For the members of the early Church, there was no possibility that the cross would be used as a symbol of faith because it was an execution tool for not only Jesus Christ but also many church members. According to the Bible and the history of Christianity, there is no record of the early Church using the cross as a symbol of faith. It was said that the cross, which was a symbol of pagan religions and used for a death sentence, began to be established in the church in the fourth century as the church became secularized and the truth was changed.<ref>{{인용 |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/cross-religious-symbol |title= Cross |quote= |website=Britannica}}</ref>

[[File:Egypt.KV43.01.jpg|thumb|The tomb of Thutmose IV in the Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Egypt]]

The cross is a frame used to crucify and execute criminals in the ancient West from around the 6th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D.<ref>{{인용 |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/crucifixion/ |title= Crucifixion|website=WORLD HISTORY ENCYCLOPEDIA |publisher= |date= |year= |author= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionaries/smiths-bible-dictionary/cross.html |title=Cross |website=Bible Study Tools |publisher=  |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote= }}</ref> It is presumed that the people who first invented the crucifixion were Phoenicians of Carthage or Persians, and it influenced on ancient Babylon (Babylonia), Egypt, and Assyria. Alexander the Great learned about crucifixion in Persia and spread it to Greece, and after the Romans won the Second Punic War, they learned from the Phoenicians of Carthage and used it in the Roman Empire. Later, in the Roman Empire, crucifixion was used as the most brutal and harsh death penalty method for criminals. Crucifixion was executed by crucifixion or tying up condemned prisoners, and Rome was mainly used to punish heinous criminals, traitors, and slaves. Crucifixion was one of the most cruel and shameful punishments. The Criminal Code compiled by Roman lawyer Julius Paulus lists three types of punishment as the most brutal form of punishment in the Roman era, the first of which is crucifixion. The Roman statesman Cicero described crucifixion as “he most cruel and disgusting penalty,” and the Jewish historian Josephus described it as “the most wretched of deaths.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14750495/ |title=The history and pathology of crucifixion |quote= |website=National Library of MedicinePub Med|date=December 2003}}</ref>  

According to scholars, crucifixion causes physical excruciating and fatal pain. If they are crucified and hung vertically, their muscles become impacted, their diaphragm cannot function properly, and it can lead to blood circulation disorders, organ failure, asphyxiation, and shock, and eventually to death.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.britannica.com/topic/crucifixion-capital-punishment |title= Crucifixion |website=Britannica |publisher=  |date= |year= |author= |page= |series= |isbn= |quote=  }}</ref><ref>The Medical Evidence, ''PART 3 Researching the Resurrection, THE CAUSE OF DEATH, The Case for Christ Zondervan Publishing House'', 1998, Lee Strobel, 181–182</ref>

[[file:가톨릭백과사전 십자가의 종류.jpg|thumb| 250px|right |Kinds of the Crosses<ref><i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i>, Vol. 4, The Encyclopedia Press, Inc., 1913, p. 538</ref>]]

Christian churches began to use the cross as a symbol of Christianity from the time of Constantine I of the Roman Empire (reigned A.D. 306–337).<ref name="십자가">Cross, ''Baker's Dictionary of Theology'', Everett F. Harrison, Baker Book House, 1960 pg. 152</ref> This proves that the church had not set up the cross for almost 300 years after Jesus until the time of Constantine. Among the Romans, there was a general feeling of disgust that crucifixion was an instrument of execution only for the most notorious criminals. There was no danger of beautifying the cross by sentiment for the early Christians, surrounded by crucifixion as a grim fact of common experience.<ref name="십자가" /> This is because the cross was one of the instruments used by the Roman Empire to execute Christians while persecuting the early Church. It is said that Apostle Peter was also martyred, hanging upside down from the cross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=John+21%3A18-19&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=John 21:18–19|quote=}}</ref><ref>Peter Is Crucified Upside Down, 1001 Days That Shaped the World, Michael Wood, ''Quintessence'', October 13, pg. 89</ref> It was in the time of Constantine that crucifixion was abolished.

The second of the Ten Commandments warns us not to make idols or worship them in any image.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Exodus+20%3A4-6&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Exodus 20:4–6|quote=}}</ref> There is no record in the Bible that it is okay to make an exception to the image of a cross. Regardless of how much you worship a cross or depend on the image of the cross, making it to serve God itself is an act of rebelling against the commandment. God told us not to compare Him to any images. When it comes to worshiping God, we must never make anything with materials nor honor it.

The Bible forbids relying on or worshiping idols made of gold, silver, wood, or stone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Leviticus+26%3A1&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Leviticus 26:1|quote=}}</ref> The cross made of wood or other materials is also an idol mentioned in the Bible. The Bible teaches that idols made of these materials have no power to curse or bless people,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Jeremiah+10%3A1-5&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Jeremiah 10:1–5|quote=}}</ref> and warns that those who make and worship idols will be cursed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Deuteronomy+27%3A15&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Deuteronomy 27:15|quote=}}</ref>

The history of the Israelites written in the Bible prophesied that the church would worship the cross. The Israelites left Egypt by the power of God 3,500 years ago, and headed toward Canaan. As they were told to take a farther route, they grumbled and complained against God and [[Moses]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Numbers+21%3A4-5&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Numbers 21:4–5|quote=}}</ref> Then, God’s wrath came upon them, and many of them were bitten by venomous snakes in the desert and died.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Numbers+21%3A6&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Numbers 21:6|quote=}}</ref> Moses prayed to God for the people,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Numbers+21%3A7&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Numbers 21:7|quote=}}</ref> and God asked Moses to make a bronze snake and put it on a pole. Then, He said, “Anyone who is bitten can look at it and live.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Numbers+21%3A8-9&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Numbers 21:8–9|quote=}}</ref> When Moses did what God said, the Israelites lived by looking up at the bronze snake on the pole. It was God’s word and power that made them live. The bronze snake itself was just a material and tool, and it had no power to save people. However, because of their wrong belief, the Israelites worshiped the bronze snake until the time of King Hezekiah for approximately 800 years. King Hezekiah, who was called a religious reformer of South Judah, broke the bronze snake that had occupied the hearts of the people and called it Nehushtan (a piece of bronze).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=2+Kings+18%3A3-4&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=2 Kings 18:3–4|quote=}}</ref> The case of the bronze snake in the Old Testament was a prophecy about the crucifixion of Jesus in the New Testament.

In the Old Testament times, the Israelites were saved by the power of God’s word, “Anyone who is bitten can look at it [the bronze snake] and live.” It shows that the saints in the New Testament will be saved through the sacrifice and power of Jesus on the cross. However, in the Old Testament times, the Israelites worshiped the visible bronze snake, forgetting the power of God’s word. Likewise, in the New Testament times, many Christians forget the sacrifice of Jesus shedding precious blood on the cross, but they honor a visible image of cross itself. Many times, the apostles of the early Church mentioned that the cross is merely an execution tool and a piece of wood, just as a bronze snake is merely a piece of bronze.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Galatians+3%3A13&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Galatians 3:13|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=1+Peter+2%3A24&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=1 Peter 2:24|quote=}}</ref>

The Bible shows that the salvation of mankind was not accomplished through the image of a cross, but through Jesus’ precious blood of sacrifice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=Ephesians+1%3A7&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=Ephesians 1:7|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studylight.org/study-desk.html?q1=1+Peter+1%3A18-19&q2=&ss=0&t1=eng_n84&t2=eng_kjv&t3=eng_nas&ns=0&sr=1&ot=bhs&nt=wh&hv1=1&b=verse&d=3|title=1 Peter 1:18-19|quote=}}</ref> The essence of the [[New Covenant]] that Jesus established with His precious blood is the [[Passover]]. So Apostle Paul, who said that he had nothing to boast about except the cross of [[Christ]], celebrated the sacrifice of Christ through the Passover of the new covenant, and preached it. If we want to boast about Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross, we shall keep and preach [[New Covenant Passover|the Passover of the new covenant]] not the image of the cross.