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{{성경지명 | <!-- interlanguage:start -->[[ko:요단강]][[vi:Sông Giôđanh]]<!-- interlanguage:end -->{{성경지명 | ||
|image=[[File:JordanRiver en.svg |thumb|center|Jordan River Map]] | |image=[[File:JordanRiver en.svg |thumb|center|Jordan River Map]] | ||
|title=Jordan (Jordan River) | |title=Jordan (Jordan River) | ||
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The Jordan River was formed by several tributaries flowing from [https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-Hermon Mount Hermon], which is located on the border between Lebanon and Syria, and the river merged in northern [https://www.britannica.com/place/Palestine Palestine].<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/jordan-river Jordan River], ''Encyclopedia.com''</ref> The river runs through the eastern edge of Palestine from north to south, passing through the Sea of [[Galilee]] and ending at the [https://www.britannica.com/place/Dead-Sea Dead Sea].<ref name=":0">A Basic Bible Dictionary, pg. 61, ''Canterbury Press'', 2004</ref> It is the world’s lowest river in terms of surface level, with about 250 km (155 mi) of its total length of 320 km (200 mi) flowing below sea level.<ref name=":1">[https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/earth-lowest-spots-depressions-scn/index.html#:~:text=Dead%20Sea%2C%20Jordan%2FIsrael%2C,water%2C%20is%20colorful%20and%20surreal. The greatest depressions: Finding Earth’s lowest spots], Quest's World of Wonder, ''CNN'', February 20, 2020</ref> | The Jordan River was formed by several tributaries flowing from [https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-Hermon Mount Hermon], which is located on the border between Lebanon and Syria, and the river merged in northern [https://www.britannica.com/place/Palestine Palestine].<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/jordan-river Jordan River], ''Encyclopedia.com''</ref> The river runs through the eastern edge of Palestine from north to south, passing through the Sea of [[Galilee]] and ending at the [https://www.britannica.com/place/Dead-Sea Dead Sea].<ref name=":0">A Basic Bible Dictionary, pg. 61, ''Canterbury Press'', 2004</ref> It is the world’s lowest river in terms of surface level, with about 250 km (155 mi) of its total length of 320 km (200 mi) flowing below sea level.<ref name=":1">[https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/earth-lowest-spots-depressions-scn/index.html#:~:text=Dead%20Sea%2C%20Jordan%2FIsrael%2C,water%2C%20is%20colorful%20and%20surreal. The greatest depressions: Finding Earth’s lowest spots], Quest's World of Wonder, ''CNN'', February 20, 2020</ref> | ||
In the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]], the Jordan River is recorded as ''Yarden (יַרְדֵּן)<ref>[https://www.studylight.org/lexicons/eng/hebrew/3383.html Strong's #3383 - יַרְדֵּן], ''Study Light''</ref>'' in Hebrew.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www. | In the [[The Old Testament|Old Testament]], the Jordan River is recorded as ''Yarden (יַרְדֵּן)<ref>[https://www.studylight.org/lexicons/eng/hebrew/3383.html Strong's #3383 - יַרְדֵּן], ''Study Light''</ref>'' in Hebrew.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+13%3A10-11&version=NIV |title=Genesis 13:10–11}}</ref> ''Yarden'' is a combination of the word ''Yard'' (יָרַד),<ref>[https://www.studylight.org/lexicons/eng/hebrew/3381.html Strong's #3381 - יָרַד], ''Study Light''</ref> meaning to descend or goes down, and ''Dan'' (דָּן),<ref>[https://www.studylight.org/lexicons/eng/hebrew/1835.html Strong's #1835 - דָּן], ''Study Light''</ref> which is the name of the source area of the river.<ref>[https://www.ancient-hebrew.org/names/Jordan.htm Jordan], ''Ancient Hebrew Research Center''</ref> Therefore, it means a river that flows downward, a swiftly flowing river, or it flows from Dan. In the [[The New Testament|New Testament]], it is recorded as ''Iordanēs'' (''Ἰορδάνης'') in Greek.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+1%3A5&version=NIV |title=Mark 1:5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2446.htm |title=2446. Iordanés |website=Bible Hub |publisher= |date= |year= |series= |isbn= }}</ref> | ||
The Jordan River is an important place in the [[Bible]]. In the Old Testament times, [[Joshua]] and the Israelites crossed the Jordan to enter the promised land of Canaan. Naaman, the commander of the army of Aram, washed in the Jordan as instructed by [[Elisha]] and was healed of his leprosy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www. | The Jordan River is an important place in the [[Bible]]. In the Old Testament times, [[Joshua]] and the Israelites crossed the Jordan to enter the promised land of Canaan. Naaman, the commander of the army of Aram, washed in the Jordan as instructed by [[Elisha]] and was healed of his leprosy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+5%3A1-27&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 5:1–27 }}</ref> In the New Testament times, [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]] was [[Baptism|baptized]] in the Jordan by [[John the Baptist]] and preached the [[Gospel of the Kingdom|gospel of the kingdom]]. | ||
==Geographical Characteristics== | ==Geographical Characteristics== | ||
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*'''Crossing the Jordan River to Enter Canaan''' | *'''Crossing the Jordan River to Enter Canaan''' | ||
[[File:Benjamin West - Joshua passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|315px|''Joshua Passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant'' by Benjamin West, an American historical painter from the 18th to 19th centuries]] | [[File:Benjamin West - Joshua passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|315px|''Joshua Passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant'' by Benjamin West, an American historical painter from the 18th to 19th centuries]] | ||
About 3,500 years ago, the Israelites came out of Egypt under the guidance of [[Moses]] and began their journey to the promised land, [[Canaan]]. At the end of [[Life in Desert|40 year-life in the desert]], after Moses died in the land of Moab, God appointed Joshua as a new leader. [[God]] commanded [[Joshua]] to cross the Jordan to enter Canaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www. | About 3,500 years ago, the Israelites came out of Egypt under the guidance of [[Moses]] and began their journey to the promised land, [[Canaan]]. At the end of [[Life in the Desert|40 year-life in the desert]], after Moses died in the land of Moab, God appointed Joshua as a new leader. [[God]] commanded [[Joshua]] to cross the Jordan to enter Canaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+1%3A1-2&version=NIV |title=Joshua 1:1–2}}</ref> | ||
When the Israelites reached the Jordan River, it was at flood stage since it was the harvest season. Following the command of God, Joshua told the people to cross the Jordan River without hesitation. He said when the feet of the priests carrying the [[Ark of the Covenant|ark of the covenant]] touched the water’s edge, the water from upstream would stop flowing, and they would cross the Jordan River like dry land. When God ordered the Israelites to cross the Jordan, no one wavered but all of them obeyed in perfect order. As soon as the feet of the [[Priest|priests]] who carried the ark of the covenant touched the water’s edge, the water that had flooded to the top of the hill stopped, and the water flowing downstream piled up in a heap a great distance away. The Israelites walked across the Jordan on dry land.<br> | When the Israelites reached the Jordan River, it was at flood stage since it was the harvest season. Following the command of God, Joshua told the people to cross the Jordan River without hesitation. He said when the feet of the priests carrying the [[Ark of the Covenant|ark of the covenant]] touched the water’s edge, the water from upstream would stop flowing, and they would cross the Jordan River like dry land. When God ordered the Israelites to cross the Jordan, no one wavered but all of them obeyed in perfect order. As soon as the feet of the [[Priest|priests]] who carried the ark of the covenant touched the water’s edge, the water that had flooded to the top of the hill stopped, and the water flowing downstream piled up in a heap a great distance away. The Israelites walked across the Jordan on dry land.<br> | ||
{{quote5|내용=Now the Jordan is at flood stage all during harvest. Yet as soon as the priests who carried the ark reached the Jordan and their feet touched the water's edge, the water from upstream stopped flowing. It piled up in a heap a great distance away, at a town called Adam in the vicinity of Zarethan, while the water flowing down to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea) was completely cut off. So the people crossed over opposite Jericho. The priests who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD stood firm on dry ground in the middle of the Jordan, while all Israel passed by until the whole nation had completed the crossing on dry ground.|출처=[https://www. | {{quote5|내용=Now the Jordan is at flood stage all during harvest. Yet as soon as the priests who carried the ark reached the Jordan and their feet touched the water's edge, the water from upstream stopped flowing. It piled up in a heap a great distance away, at a town called Adam in the vicinity of Zarethan, while the water flowing down to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea) was completely cut off. So the people crossed over opposite Jericho. The priests who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD stood firm on dry ground in the middle of the Jordan, while all Israel passed by until the whole nation had completed the crossing on dry ground.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+3%3A15-17&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV Joshua 3:15–17]}} | ||
People crossed the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month according to the sacred calendar the following year after the end of their 40-year life in the desert.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www. | People crossed the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month according to the sacred calendar the following year after the end of their 40-year life in the desert.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+4%3A17-19&version=NIV |title=Joshua 4:17–19}}</ref> From that time on, they could attack the city of [[Jericho]] and conquer the land of Canaan without difficulties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua+5%3A1&version=NIV |title=Joshua 5:1}}</ref> At that time, the Jordan River was at flood stage due to the heavy rain, making it difficult to cross, however, they could experience a miracle and receive the blessing of entering Canaan because they did not care about the physical situation but obeyed God's word absolutely. | ||
*'''Naaman Was Healed After Washing Himself in the Jordan''' | *'''Naaman Was Healed After Washing Himself in the Jordan''' | ||
Naaman, the commander of the army of the king of Aram, was a great soldier but he suffered from leprosy. A young slave girl from Israel informed him that a prophet in Israel would be able to cure his disease. The king of Aram sent a letter to the king of Israel, asking him to cure Naaman’s disease. However, the king of Israel misunderstood and became discouraged, thinking that the king of Aram was looking for an excuse to invade Israel. Upon hearing this, [[Elisha]] asked Naaman to come to him. When Naaman arrived at Elisha’s house, Elisha sent a servant to tell him that if he washed himself in the Jordan River seven times, he would be cured. Naaman was angry and turned away, but his servant persuaded him to follow the prophet’s words, saying, “If the prophet had told you to do some great thing, would you not have done it? How much more, then, when he tells you, ‘Wash and be cleansed’!” So Naaman turned back and washed himself in the Jordan seven times as Elisha had said, and his leprosy was cured.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www. | Naaman, the commander of the army of the king of Aram, was a great soldier but he suffered from leprosy. A young slave girl from Israel informed him that a prophet in Israel would be able to cure his disease. The king of Aram sent a letter to the king of Israel, asking him to cure Naaman’s disease. However, the king of Israel misunderstood and became discouraged, thinking that the king of Aram was looking for an excuse to invade Israel. Upon hearing this, [[Elisha]] asked Naaman to come to him. When Naaman arrived at Elisha’s house, Elisha sent a servant to tell him that if he washed himself in the Jordan River seven times, he would be cured. Naaman was angry and turned away, but his servant persuaded him to follow the prophet’s words, saying, “If the prophet had told you to do some great thing, would you not have done it? How much more, then, when he tells you, ‘Wash and be cleansed’!” So Naaman turned back and washed himself in the Jordan seven times as Elisha had said, and his leprosy was cured.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+5%3A1-14&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 5:1–14}}</ref> Realizing the power of God, Naaman visited Elisha again to thank him and pledged that he would never make burnt offerings and sacrifices to any other god but the God of Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+5%3A17&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 5:17}}</ref> | ||
===New Testament=== | ===New Testament=== | ||
[[File:Our day in the light of prophecy and providence (1921) (14590836189).jpg|thumb|315px|Jesus is baptized in the Jordan River.]] | [[File:Our day in the light of prophecy and providence (1921) (14590836189).jpg|thumb|315px|Jesus is baptized in the Jordan River.]] | ||
* '''Jesus Was Baptized in the Jordan River''' | * '''Jesus Was Baptized in the Jordan River''' | ||
Two thousand years ago, Israel was under the control of the Roman Empire. The people had longed for the coming of the [[Messiah]] who would deliver them from the oppression of Rome. Then, [[John the Baptist]] was given the mission to prepare the way for the Messiah and gave the baptism of repentance to those who came to him in the Jordan River.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www. | Two thousand years ago, Israel was under the control of the Roman Empire. The people had longed for the coming of the [[Messiah]] who would deliver them from the oppression of Rome. Then, [[John the Baptist]] was given the mission to prepare the way for the Messiah and gave the baptism of repentance to those who came to him in the Jordan River.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+3%3A1-6&version=NIV |title=Matthew 3:1–6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+3%3A11&version=NIV |title=Matthew 3:11}}</ref> | ||
One day, when John the Baptist was baptizing people in the Jordan, Jesus came to be baptized, too. At that moment, John recognized Him as [[Christ]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www. | One day, when John the Baptist was baptizing people in the Jordan, Jesus came to be baptized, too. At that moment, John recognized Him as [[Christ]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+1%3A29-30&version=NIV |title=John 1:29–30}}</ref> and baptized Him. | ||
{{quote5|내용=Then Jesus came from Galilee to the Jordan to be baptized by John . . . As soon as Jesus was baptized, he went up out of the water.|출처=[https://www. | {{quote5|내용=Then Jesus came from Galilee to the Jordan to be baptized by John . . . As soon as Jesus was baptized, he went up out of the water.|출처=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+3%3A13-16&OLWordSearchRange=beg&version=NIV Matthew 3:13–16]}} | ||
Jesus was thirty years old at that time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www. | Jesus was thirty years old at that time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+3%3A21-23&version=NIV |title=Luke 3:21–23}}</ref> From then on, Jesus preached the [[Gospel of the Kingdom|gospel of the kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+1%3A1-9&version=NIV |title=Mark 1:1–9}}</ref><ref>“The beginning of the gospel about Jesus Christ” was from the time when Jesus was baptized in the Jordan., Chapter 9, What is the Gospel of the New Covenant, The Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil and the Gospel, Ahnsahnghong, pg. 42, ''Melchizedek Pub. Co.'', Ltd</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||