Genesis: Difference between revisions
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{{성경 | <!-- interlanguage:start -->[[ko:창세기]]<!-- interlanguage:end -->{{성경 | ||
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|title=Genesis | |title=Genesis | ||
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The book of Genesis is called בְּרֵאשִׁית (Bereshit)<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7225.htm Strong's Hebrew: 7225. רֵאשִׁית], ''BibleHub''</ref> in Hebrew. Since the original Hebrew Bible does not use separate titles for each book, [[Hebrew|Hebrews]] often used the first word of each book as its name. For Genesis, this word is "Bereshit” (בְּרֵאשִׁית) meaning “In the beginning.” On the other hand, the English name “Genesis” is derived from the Greek word “genesis” (origin, generation) used in Genesis 2:4 in the Greek translation. | The book of Genesis is called בְּרֵאשִׁית (Bereshit)<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7225.htm Strong's Hebrew: 7225. רֵאשִׁית], ''BibleHub''</ref> in Hebrew. Since the original Hebrew Bible does not use separate titles for each book, [[Hebrew|Hebrews]] often used the first word of each book as its name. For Genesis, this word is "Bereshit” (בְּרֵאשִׁית) meaning “In the beginning.” On the other hand, the English name “Genesis” is derived from the Greek word “genesis” (origin, generation) used in Genesis 2:4 in the Greek translation. | ||
The writer of Genesis is known to be [[Moses]]. Moses was a great prophet and leader called by [[God]]. He freed the Israelites from slavery in Egypt and from the oppression of the [[Pharaoh]]. In addition to Genesis, he wrote the books of [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]], [[Book of Leviticus|Leviticus]], [[Book of Numbers|Numbers]], and [[ | The writer of Genesis is known to be [[Moses]]. Moses was a great prophet and leader called by [[God]]. He freed the Israelites from slavery in Egypt and from the oppression of the [[Pharaoh]]. In addition to Genesis, he wrote the books of [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]], [[Book of Leviticus|Leviticus]], [[Book of Numbers|Numbers]], and [[Deuteronomy|Deuteronomy]]. These five books are collectively called the Pentateuch. | ||
==Features== | ==Features== | ||
Genesis is one of books of the Law, also known as the Pentateuch. It begins with the [[Six-Day Creation|creation of the heavens and the earth]] and ends with the death of Joseph. Genesis is divided into the pre-patriarchal age (chapters 1–11) and the age of the patriarchs (chapters 12–50). The former is about the Creation and human society as a whole, while the latter focuses on the people chosen by God’s promise. Commencing with [[Abraham]], a scion of Adam, [[Isaac]] is born and [[Jacob]]’s twelve sons crystallize into the [[The Twelve Tribes of Israel|twelve tribes]] of Israel. | Genesis is one of the books of the Law, also known as the Pentateuch. It begins with the [[Six-Day Creation|creation of the heavens and the earth]] and ends with the death of Joseph. Genesis is divided into the pre-patriarchal age (chapters 1–11) and the age of the patriarchs (chapters 12–50). The former is about the Creation and human society as a whole, while the latter focuses on the people chosen by God’s promise. Commencing with [[Abraham]], a scion of Adam, [[Isaac]] is born and [[Jacob]]’s twelve sons crystallize into the [[The Twelve Tribes of Israel|twelve tribes]] of Israel. | ||
==Composition of Genesis== | ==Composition of Genesis== | ||
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===Adam and Eve ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%202-4&version=NIV Chs.2–4])=== | ===Adam and Eve ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%202-4&version=NIV Chs.2–4])=== | ||
[[file:Geneology adam.gif| | [[file:Geneology adam.gif|thumb|Genealogy from Adam to Noah ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%205&version=NIV Genesis Ch.5])]] | ||
God created the Garden of Eden and let [[Adam]] and [[Eve]] live. God commanded them not to eat from the [[Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil|tree of the knowledge of good and evil]] in the middle of the garden. However, Eve, who was tempted by the serpent, ate the fruit and gave it to Adam to eat. God drove Adam and Eve, who sinned, from the Garden of Eden. The two could have eternal life if they ate from the tree of life, but God placed the cherubim and the flaming sword to guard the way to the tree of life. | God created the Garden of Eden and let [[Adam]] and [[Eve]] live. God commanded them not to eat from the [[Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil|tree of the knowledge of good and evil]] in the middle of the garden. However, Eve, who was tempted by the serpent, ate the fruit and gave it to Adam to eat. God drove Adam and Eve, who sinned, from the Garden of Eden. The two could have eternal life if they ate from the tree of life, but God placed the cherubim and the flaming sword to guard the way to the tree of life. | ||
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===Abraham ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2012-24&version=NIV Chs. 12–24])=== | ===Abraham ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2012-24&version=NIV Chs. 12–24])=== | ||
[[file:Olivier-abraham-isaac.jpg| | [[file:Olivier-abraham-isaac.jpg|thumb| px |Artwork by German painter Ferdinand Olivier: Abraham and his only son, Isaac, ascending Mount Moriah. Isaac is carrying the wood for the burnt offering. ]] | ||
[[Abraham]], originally named Abram, lived in Ur of the Chaldeans. Following God’s call, he left his homeland and settled in Canaan. God blessed Abraham that He would make him into a great nation. | [[Abraham]], originally named Abram, lived in Ur of the Chaldeans. Following God’s call, he left his homeland and settled in Canaan. God blessed Abraham that He would make him into a great nation. | ||
However, Abraham was childless until | However, Abraham was childless until his old age. At one point, Abraham considered making his servant Eliezer of [https://www.britannica.com/place/Damascus Damascus] his heir, but God said, “A son of your own body will be your heir.” Soon after, [[Hagar]], Sarah’s maidservant, bore him a son named [[Ishmael]]. However, God did not acknowledge him as Abraham’s heir, either. When Abraham was a hundred years old, [[Sarah (Abraham’s Wife)|Sarah]], who was ninety years old, gave birth to Isaac, and Isaac became the [[The History of Abraham’s Family|heir of Abraham’s family]]. | ||
One day, God commanded Abraham to offer Isaac as a burnt offering. Without hesitation, Abraham took Isaac to | One day, God commanded Abraham to offer Isaac as a burnt offering. Without hesitation, Abraham took Isaac to Mount Moriah early the next morning. Just as Abraham was about to sacrifice Isaac, a voice from heaven stopped and told him not to touch Isaac. At that moment, Abraham saw a ram caught in a thicket, which he then offered as a substitute for Isaac. | ||
===Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2019&version=NIV Ch. 19])=== | ===Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2019&version=NIV Ch. 19])=== | ||
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===Isaac ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2024-26&version=NIV Chs. 24–26])=== | ===Isaac ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2024-26&version=NIV Chs. 24–26])=== | ||
Isaac, who was born according to God’s promise, married Rebekah at the age of forty, but there had been no child between them for a long time. God promised that Isaac’s descendants would be fruitful and that He would fulfill His covenant with Abraham through Isaac. At sixty, he became the father of twin sons, Esau and Jacob. | Isaac, who was born according to God’s promise, married Rebekah at the age of forty, but there had been no child between them for a long time. God promised that Isaac’s descendants would be fruitful and that He would fulfill His covenant with Abraham through Isaac. At sixty, he became the father of twin sons, Esau and Jacob. While Rebekah, Isaac’s wife, was pregnant with twins, God said that the oldest (Esau) would serve the youngest (Jacob). | ||
===Jacob ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2027-36&version=NIV Chs. 27–36])=== | ===Jacob ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2027-36&version=NIV Chs. 27–36])=== | ||
[[file: | [[file:Jacob-Journey.png |thumb| 200px |Jacob’s Route]] | ||
One day, [[Esau]] came home from hunting and he found [[Jacob]] making lentil stew. Overcome by hunger, Esau sold his birthright to Jacob in exchange for the stew. Thus, Jacob received the blessing of the [[firstborn]] instead of Esau, who had despised his birthright. To avoid Esau’s wrath, Jacob fled to live with his uncle Laban. After taking care of the sheep at Laban’s house, Jacob married Laban’s two daughters, Leah and Rachel, and had twelve sons and one daughter. After twenty years, Jacob returned to his hometown.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+31%3A41&version=NIV |title=Genesis 31:41 |quote= }}</ref> | One day, [[Esau]] came home from hunting and he found [[Jacob]] making lentil stew. Overcome by hunger, Esau sold his birthright to Jacob in exchange for the stew. Thus, Jacob received the blessing of the [[firstborn]] instead of Esau, who had despised his birthright. To avoid Esau’s wrath, Jacob fled to live with his uncle Laban. After taking care of the sheep at Laban’s house, Jacob married Laban’s two daughters, Leah and Rachel, and had twelve sons and one daughter. After twenty years, Jacob returned to his hometown.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+31%3A41&version=NIV |title=Genesis 31:41 |quote= }}</ref> | ||
Fearing Esau’s anger, Jacob sent his family and possessions across the Jabbok River while he stayed behind alone. That night, he wrestled with a man until daybreak. During the struggle, the man wrenched Jacob’s [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/hip-joint hip socket], but Jacob held on, asking for a blessing. Then Jacob was given the name '''“Israel” (meaning | Fearing Esau’s anger, Jacob sent his family and possessions across the Jabbok River while he stayed behind alone. That night, he wrestled with a man until daybreak. During the struggle, the man wrenched Jacob’s [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/hip-joint hip socket], but Jacob held on, asking for a blessing. Then Jacob was given the name '''“Israel” (meaning “One who struggles with God”)''', and he reunited with Esau joyfully. | ||
===Joseph ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2037-50&version=NIV Chs. 37–50])=== | ===Joseph ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2037-50&version=NIV Chs. 37–50])=== | ||
[[file:Tissot Joseph Dwells in Egypt.jpg| | [[file:Tissot Joseph Dwells in Egypt.jpg|thumb| px |''Joseph Dwelleth in Egypt'' by French painter [https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Tissot James Tissot] is in the collection of the Jewish Museum in New York City.]] | ||
[[Joseph (Son of Jacob)|Joseph]] was the eleventh of Jacob’s twelve sons. Envious of him, his brothers sold him into slavery, and he was taken to Egypt. Despite these hardships, God was with Joseph, enabling him to prosper in all circumstances. He served diligently in the household of Potiphar, the captain of the guard, eventually become the overseer. However, after being falsely accused by Potiphar’s wife, he was imprisoned. While in prison, Joseph interpreted the dream of the chief cupbearer, which eventually led to his interpreting Pharaoh’s dream and being appointed as prime minister of Egypt. | [[Joseph (Son of Jacob)|Joseph]] was the eleventh of Jacob’s twelve sons. Envious of him, his brothers sold him into slavery, and he was taken to Egypt. Despite these hardships, God was with Joseph, enabling him to prosper in all circumstances. He served diligently in the household of Potiphar, the captain of the guard, and eventually become the overseer. However, after being falsely accused by Potiphar’s wife, he was imprisoned. While in prison, Joseph interpreted the dream of the chief cupbearer, which eventually led to his interpreting Pharaoh’s dream and being appointed as prime minister of Egypt. | ||
In this role, Joseph foresaw years of famine and implemented plans to secure Egypt’s food supply. When a famine struck Canaan, Joseph’s brothers traveled to Egypt in search of food. As a result of this event, Joseph was dramatically reunited with his brothers and wholeheartedly forgave them. He also invited his father, Jacob, along with the entire family to settle in Egypt. | In this role, Joseph foresaw years of famine and implemented plans to secure Egypt’s food supply. When a famine struck Canaan, Joseph’s brothers traveled to Egypt in search of food. As a result of this event, Joseph was dramatically reunited with his brothers and wholeheartedly forgave them. He also invited his father, Jacob, along with the entire family to settle in Egypt. | ||