Pharaoh: Difference between revisions
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==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
[[file:C+B-Pharaoh-Hieroglyph1. | [[file:C+B-Pharaoh-Hieroglyph1.png |thumb|150x120px|Egyptian hieroglyph ''pr-’o'' ]] | ||
The word ''pharaoh'' originates from the ancient Egyptian hieroglyph ''pr-’o'',<ref>Since ancient Egyptian (hieroglyphs) did not record vowels, it is presumed that "pr-‘o" was pronounced as "pero" (pharaoh), or alternatively as "per-a-a" or "Per’a".</ref> which literally meant “great house” or “palace.” Initially, the term referred to the royal palace itself—the residence of the king of Egypt. However, beginning around the middle of the 18th Dynasty (c. 1450 BC), ''pr-’o'' came to be used as a designation for the monarch personally. By the 22nd Dynasty (945–720 BC), it had become an official royal title, used together with the ruler’s name.<ref name=":1">[https://www.britannica.com/topic/pharaoh Pharaoh], ''Britannica''</ref> The Hebrew rendering of ''pr-’o'' was ''par‘oh'' (פַּרְעֹה),<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6547.htm Strong's Hebrew: 6547. פַּרְעֹה], ''Bible Hub''</ref> which was later transliterated into Greek as ''pharaō'' (Φαραώ).<ref>[https://biblehub.com/greek/pharao__5328.htm Greek Concordance: Φαραὼ], ''Bible Hub''</ref> This Greek form gave rise to the English word ''pharaoh''. After Egypt was conquered by [[Alexander the Great]] around 332 BC, the use of the title gradually declined. | The word ''pharaoh'' originates from the ancient Egyptian hieroglyph ''pr-’o'',<ref>Since ancient Egyptian (hieroglyphs) did not record vowels, it is presumed that "pr-‘o" was pronounced as "pero" (pharaoh), or alternatively as "per-a-a" or "Per’a".</ref> which literally meant “great house” or “palace.” Initially, the term referred to the royal palace itself—the residence of the king of Egypt. However, beginning around the middle of the 18th Dynasty (c. 1450 BC), ''pr-’o'' came to be used as a designation for the monarch personally. By the 22nd Dynasty (945–720 BC), it had become an official royal title, used together with the ruler’s name.<ref name=":1">[https://www.britannica.com/topic/pharaoh Pharaoh], ''Britannica''</ref> The Hebrew rendering of ''pr-’o'' was ''par‘oh'' (פַּרְעֹה),<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6547.htm Strong's Hebrew: 6547. פַּרְעֹה], ''Bible Hub''</ref> which was later transliterated into Greek as ''pharaō'' (Φαραώ).<ref>[https://biblehub.com/greek/pharao__5328.htm Greek Concordance: Φαραὼ], ''Bible Hub''</ref> This Greek form gave rise to the English word ''pharaoh''. After Egypt was conquered by [[Alexander the Great]] around 332 BC, the use of the title gradually declined. | ||