The Ten Commandments: Difference between revisions

[[file:MCC-31231 Mozes toont de wetstafelen (1).tif |섬네일 | 270px |A painting depicting Moses and the Ten Commandments: Katarina Monastery Museum Collection in the Netherlands.]]

The '''Ten Commandments''' are the [[commandments of God]], spoken directly by [[God]] and inscribed on stone tablets by His own hand. In the 15th century B.C., [[Moses]] ascended Mount Sinai on behalf of the Israelites and received the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments from God. The [[Old Covenant|old covenant]], which included the Ten Commandments, was fulfilled through the [[New Covenant|new covenant]] that [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]] established by shedding His blood on the [[cross]].  

The Ten Commandments (Hebrewעֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת, Greek: Decalogue) are known by various names, depending on their meaning. The Ten Commandments are also called the “two tablets of the Testimony” because they contain God’s holy will.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+16%3A34&version=NIV |title=Exodus 16:34 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+25%3A16&version=NIV |title=Exodus 25:16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+31%3A18&version=NIV |title=Exodus 31:18 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Since the covenant was inscribed on stone tablets, they are referred to as the “terms of the covenant,”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+34%3A28&version=NIV |title=Exodus 34:28 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> the “tablets of the covenant,”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+9%3A9&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 9:9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> or the “stone tablets of the covenant.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+9%3A4&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 9:4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Given that the Old Testament law, including the Ten Commandments, was delivered through Moses, it is also known as the “[[Law of Moses]].”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+2%3A3&version=NIV |title=1 Kings 2:3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+7%3A23&version=NIV |title=John 7:23 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> In contrast to the [[New Covenant|new covenant]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+8%3A13&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 8:13 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> it is termed the “''[[Old Covenant|old covenant]]'',” “old command,” or “Old Testament Law.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20John%202%3A7&version=NIV |title=1 John 2:7}}</ref> Additionally, it is sometimes referred to as the “letter” or the “written code.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+7%3A6&version=NIV |title=Romans 7:6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+3%3A7&version=NIV |title=2 Corinthians 3:7 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

:On the 40th day after the Israelites crossed the [[Red Sea]] following the [[Exodus]], Moses was called by God and ascended Mount Sinai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+19%3A1-3&version=NIV |title=Exodus 19:1–3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Through Moses, God instructed the people to consecrate themselves for three days and wait.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+19%3A10-11&version=NIV |title=Exodus 19:10–11 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> On the third day, God descended upon Mount Sinai and, with a loud voice, proclaimed the Ten Commandments from within the fire before the entire assembly of Israelites.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+19%3A17-18&version=NIV |title=Exodus 19:17–18 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="Exodus20:1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A1&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+5%3A22&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 5:22 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Terrified by the thunder, lightning, the sound of the trumpet, and the smoking mountain, the people pleaded with Moses to speak to God on their behalf and relay His words to them instead.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:18–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> After receiving all the statutes and ordinances, including instructions for the [[The Feasts of God|annual feasts in three times]], the people pledged to obey all the commands God had delivered through Moses.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+24%3A3&version=NIV |title=Exodus 24:3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

[[file:041A.Moses Breaks the Tables of the Law.jpg |섬네일 | 270px |''Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law'' by Gustave Doré, 1866]]

The full text of the Ten Commandments is recorded in two places in the [[Bible]]: [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]] 20 and Deuteronomy 5. In Exodus 20, the commandments begin with the phrase “And God spoke all these words,” while in [[Book of Deuteronomy|Deuteronomy]] 5 it is listed as “the words of the [[Jehovah|LORD]].”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+5%3A5&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 5:5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Although the wording differs slightly between the two accounts, the core message remains unchanged. The full text from Exodus 20 is as follows:<ref name="Exodus20:1" />

The first commandment contains two instructions: to worship no other gods and to worship only God. This commandment is rooted in the fact that God [[Exodus|delivered the Israelites from slavery]] in Egypt, where they were destined for death. By the power of the [[Passover]], He spared them from the plagues and led them to freedom. Thus, the first commandment can be observed by offering [[Sacrifices in the Old Testament|sacrifices]] to God on the day of redemption—the Passover—which was established as an everlasting ordinance. When God gave the first commandment and instituted the Passover, He prefaced both with the statement: “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.” This common introduction emphasizes the same foundational reason.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A2-3&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:2–3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+13%3A3&version=NIV |title=Exodus 13:3 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Furthermore, since the Passover is the day on which God judges and destroys other gods,<ref name="Exodus12">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12%3A12&version=NIV |title=Exodus 12:12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+33%3A3-4&version=NIV |title=Numbers 33:3–4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> keeping the Passover enables us to worship God alone. This truth is clearly demonstrated in the historical accounts of the reigns of [[Hezekiah]] and [[Josiah]], who restored the observance of the Passover and brought about the destruction of idolatry.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+30%3A5&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 30:5 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+31%3A1&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 31:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+23%3A21-24&version=NIV |title=2 Kings 23:21–24 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

When [[Commandments of God|God’s decrees]] are disregarded in favor of [[Teachings of Men|man-made rules]]—such as declaring, “This prayer week is for the forgiveness of sins committed throughout the year,” or neglecting God’s Passover and arbitrarily instituting the Holy Supper on a different day, saying, “This bread and this cup represent the body and blood of Jesus, who redeemed us”—this constitutes misusing God’s name and profaning Him. Therefore, breaking the first commandment inevitably leads to breaking the third commandment as well.

Some argue that the Sabbath was abolished with the Old Testament law and is therefore no longer necessary to be observed. However, if the fourth commandment regarding the Sabbath were nullified, it would follow that the other nine commandments could also be dismissed. Yet, there is not a single commandment, from the first to the tenth, that can be disregarded. The Sabbath was observed by Jesus,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+4%3A16&version=NIV |title=Luke 4:16 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> and the apostles continued to keep it after the [[Suffering on the Cross|crucifixion]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+17%3A2&version=NIV |title=Acts 17:2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> While the Old Testament’s [[Sacrifices in the Old Testament|sacrificial system]] of offering animal blood<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+28%3A9&version=NIV |title=Numbers 28:9 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> has transitioned to [[Worship|worshiping]] in spirit and truth<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+4%3A24&version=NIV |title=John 4:24 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+7%3A12&version=NIV |title=Hebrews 7:12 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> in the New Testament, the Sabbath remains a commandment that must be kept holy until the end of the age.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24%3A20&version=NIV |title=Matthew 24:20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><small>{{참고|Sabbath|l1=|설명=}}</small>

In Augustine’s classification, the commandment, “You shall not worship any idols,”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A4&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:4 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> was combined with the first commandment, making it absent from the list of the Ten Commandments. To fill the resulting gap, the tenth commandment, “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house,”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A17&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:17 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> was divided into two parts: “You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife” and “You shall not covet your neighbor’s goods.” Additionally, the fourth commandment, “Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy,”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A8&version=NIV |title=Exodus 20:8 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> was modified to command the observance of [[Lord’s Day Worship (Sunday Worship)|“the Lord’s Day” (Sunday)]] instead. This represents a human alteration of [[Commandments of God|God’s commandments]]. The Bible warns that anyone who adds to or takes away from God’s word will not receive salvation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+4%3A2&version=NIV |title=Deuteronomy 4:2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+22%3A18-19&version=NIV |title=Revelation 22:18–19 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref>

*[[Commandments of God]]

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